甲烷生物转化膜反应器的CFD模拟
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摘要
针对甲烷气体在发酵体系中的传质效率偏低,提出了将中空纤维膜反应器应用于甲烷生物转化体系的方法。使用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真软件FLUENT对中空纤维膜生物反应器内部流场进行CFD仿真模拟,探究纤维束长度和通气速率对反应器内气含率和液环速率的影响。结果表明,增大纤维束长度可有效提高反应器内的甲烷气含率和液环速率,从而促进气液两相进行高效传质。最终,通过CFD仿真模拟研究,获得了可用于高效生物转化甲烷生物反应器的最优纤维束长度和通气速率的设计区间,为中空纤维膜反应器的设计和实现甲烷高效生物利用提供研究基础,具有重要的指导意义。
Due to the low mass transfer efficiency of methane during fermentation processes, usage of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is a promising strategy for better bioconversion efficiency of methane. Effects of hollow fiber bundle length and gas velocity on methane bioconversion efficiency were investigated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation of internal hydrodynamic characteristics. The results indicate that the gas holdup and liquid circulate velocity could be significantly improved by increasing the length of hollow fiber bundle, which could provide an enhanced mass transfer efficiency of gas-liquid. Finally,parameters for the design of this bioreactor including fiber length and gas velocity were obtained from simulation, which provided the best capability for utilizing methane effectively during the cultivation. The results from this study are instructive for the design of bioreactors used for converting methane into bioproducts by methanotrophic bacteria.
Due to the low mass transfer efficiency of methane during fermentation processes, usage of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is a promising strategy for better bioconversion efficiency of methane. Effects of hollow fiber bundle length and gas velocity on methane bioconversion efficiency were investigated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation of internal hydrodynamic characteristics. The results indicate that the gas holdup and liquid circulate velocity could be significantly improved by increasing the length of hollow fiber bundle, which could provide an enhanced mass transfer efficiency of gas-liquid. Finally,parameters for the design of this bioreactor including fiber length and gas velocity were obtained from simulation, which provided the best capability for utilizing methane effectively during the cultivation. The results from this study are instructive for the design of bioreactors used for converting methane into bioproducts by methanotrophic bacteria.
引文
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[27]庄健,王洪臣,齐鲁,等.孔径对微孔曝气充氧性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(5):1723-1726.ZHUANG J,WANG H C,QI L,et al.Effects of pore diameter on oxygenation performance in fine pore aeration[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(5):1723-1726.
[28]杨海光,范轶,李飞,等.气升式环流反应器在不同体系下的循环液速和局部气含率[J].高校化学工程学报,2003,17(1):37-41.YANG H G,FAN Y,LI F,et al.Circulating fluid velocity and gas holdup of airlift loop reactor under different systems[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2003,17(1):37-41.
[29]SUN M,YANG Z,F U S,et al.Improved methane removal in exhaust gas from biogas upgrading process using immobilized methane-oxidizing bacteria[J].Bioresource Technology.2018,56:201-207.
[30]FEI Q,GUARNIERI M T,Tao L,et al.Bioconversion of natural gas to liquid fuel:Opportunities and challenges[J].Biotechnology Advances.2014,32(3):596-614.
[2]PURI A W,OWEN S,CHU F,et al.Genetic tools for the industrially promising methanotroph methylomicrobium buryatense[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(5):1775-1781.
[3]胡礼珍,王佳,袁波,等.碳一气体生物利用进展[J].生物加工过程,2017,15(6):17-25.HU L Z,WANG J,YUAN B,et al.Production of biofuels and chemicals from C1 gases by microorganisms:States and prospects[J].Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering,2017,15(6):17-25.
[4]SHEN Y,BROWN R,WEN Z.Syngas fermentation of clostridium carboxidivoran P7 in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor:Evaluating the mass transfer coefficient and ethanol production performance[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2014,85:21-29.
[5]LEE J,JANG N,YASIN M,et al.Enhanced mass transfer rate of methane via hollow fiber membrane modules for methylosinus trichosporium OB3b fermentation[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2016,39:149-152.
[6]GILMAN A,LAURENS L M,PURI A W,et al.Bioreactor performance parameters for an industrially-promising methanotroph methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1[J].Microbial Cell Factories,2015,14(1):182.
[7]BREDWELL M D,SRIVASTAVA P,WORDEN R M.Reactor design issues for synthesis-gas fermentations[J].Biotechnology Progress,1999,15(5):834-844.
[8]YASIN M,JEONG Y,PARK S,et al.Microbial synthesis gas utilization and ways to resolve kinetic and mass-transfer limitations[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,177:361-374.
[9]WANG H,DAI K,XIA X,et al.Tunable production of ethanol and acetate from synthesis gas by mesophilic mixed culture fermentation in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,187:165-170.
[10]ORGILL J J,ATIYEH H K,DEVARAPALLI M,et al.A comparison of mass transfer coefficients between trickle-bed,hollow fiber membrane and stirred tank reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,133:340-346.
[11]张建华,彭永臻,张淼,等.同步硝化反硝化SBBR处理低C/N比生活污水的启动与稳定运行[J].化工学报,2016,67(11):4817-4824.ZHANG J H,PENG Y Z,ZHANG M,et al.Start-up and steady operation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in SBBRtreating low C/N ratio domestic wastewater[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(11):4817-4824.
[12]AGRAHARI G K,RAWAT A,VERMA N,et al.Removal of dissolved H2S from wastewater using hollow fiber membrane contactor:Experimental and mathematical analysis[J].Desalination,2013,314:34-42.
[13]AYBAR M,PIZARRO G,BOLTZ J P,et al.Energy-efficient wastewater treatment via the air-based,hybrid membrane biofilm reactor(hybrid MfBR)[J].Water Science&Technology,2014,69(8):1714-1735.
[14]FU L,DING J,Lu Y,et al.Hollow fiber membrane bioreactor affects microbial community and morphology of the DAMO and Anammox co-culture system[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:247-253.
[15]LIN J,ZHANG P,YIN J,et al.Nitrogen removal performances of a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane-aerated biofilm reactor[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,102:49-55.
[16]王荣昌,肖帆,赵建夫,等.生物膜厚度对膜曝气生物膜反应器硝化性能的影响[J].高校化学工程学报,2015,29(1):151-158.WANG R C,XIAO F,ZHAO J F,et al.Effects of biofilm thickness on nitrification performance of membrane-aerated biofilm reactors[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2015,29(1):151-158.
[17]PRAVEEN P,NGUYEN D T T,LOH K.Biodegradation of phenol from saline wastewater using forward osmotic hollow fiber membrane bioreactor coupled chemostat[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,94:125-133.
[18]WANG Y,ZHANG F,ZHANG W,et al.Hydrogen and carbon dioxide mixed culture fermentation in a hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor at 25℃[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,249:659-665.
[19]闫云飞,张智恩,晏水平,等.中空纤维膜结构对脱除烟气中CO2影响的数值研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2015,29(2):452-457.YAN Y F,ZHANG Z E,YAN S P,et al.Simulation on the structure effects of hollow fiber membrane on CO2 removal from flue gas[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2015,29(2):452-457.
[20]吴云,张楠,张宏伟,等.膜曝气生物膜反应器内流场的CFD模拟及组件优化[J].化工学报,2015,66(1):402-409.WU Y,ZHANG N,ZHANG H W,et al.CFD simulation of internal hydrodynamic characteristics and optimization of membrane module in membrane aerated biofilm reactor[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(1):402-409.
[21]熊长川,李卫星,邢卫红,等.柱式膜组件曝气过程的气液两相流模拟[J].高校化学工程学报,2017,31(5):1052-1061.XIONG C C,LI W X,XING W H,et al.Simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in aeration processes of a column type membrane module[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2017,31(5):1052-1061.
[22]余亚杰,许松林.刮膜式分子蒸馏器内传质的数值模拟[J].高校化学工程学报,2016,33(3):547-553.YU Y J,XU S L.Numerical simulation of mass transfer in a wiped film molecular distillator[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2016,33(3):547-553.
[23]KAVOUSI F,SVRON E,SEMMENS M,et al.Hydrodynamics and gas transfer performance of confined hollow fibre membrane modules with the aid of computational fluid dynamics[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2016,513:117-128.
[24]LEE P,NI S,CHANG S,et al.Enhancement of carbon monoxide mass transfer using an innovative external hollow fiber membrane(HFM)diffuser for syngas fermentation:Experimental studies and model development[J],Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,184:268-277.
[25]ZHANG Y,PENG Y,JI S,et al.Numerical simulation of 3D hollow-fiber vacuum membrane distillation by computational fluid dynamics[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2016,152:172-185.
[26]沈荣春,束忠明,黄发瑞,等.气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动计算流体力学的模拟[J].华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(1):7-11.SHEN R C,SHU Z M,HUANG F R,et al.Computational fluid dynamic simulation on gas-liquid two-phase flow in an airlift loop reactor[J].Journal of East China University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2006,32(1):7-11.
[27]庄健,王洪臣,齐鲁,等.孔径对微孔曝气充氧性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(5):1723-1726.ZHUANG J,WANG H C,QI L,et al.Effects of pore diameter on oxygenation performance in fine pore aeration[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(5):1723-1726.
[28]杨海光,范轶,李飞,等.气升式环流反应器在不同体系下的循环液速和局部气含率[J].高校化学工程学报,2003,17(1):37-41.YANG H G,FAN Y,LI F,et al.Circulating fluid velocity and gas holdup of airlift loop reactor under different systems[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2003,17(1):37-41.
[29]SUN M,YANG Z,F U S,et al.Improved methane removal in exhaust gas from biogas upgrading process using immobilized methane-oxidizing bacteria[J].Bioresource Technology.2018,56:201-207.
[30]FEI Q,GUARNIERI M T,Tao L,et al.Bioconversion of natural gas to liquid fuel:Opportunities and challenges[J].Biotechnology Advances.2014,32(3):596-614.
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