莲仁钻削去心过程力学特性及减损工艺参数优化
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摘要
为降低莲仁在钻削去心过程中的加工损耗,找出去心工艺参数对莲仁崩碎的影响规律,该文对莲仁钻削去心过程进行了力学分析、切削过程摸拟、试验测试和工艺参数优化研究。1)对莲仁钻削去心时的受力状态进行了力学分析,建立了莲仁钻削加工的力学模型,分析了莲仁钻削崩碎的主要因素为压辊夹紧力、钻头直径、钻头转速、钻头进给量和莲仁含水率等;2)应用DEFORM 3D软件对莲仁钻削加工过程进行了切削仿真,获得了不同工艺参数条件下钻削轴向力变化曲线以及莲仁应变云图,得到了各工艺参数对莲仁崩碎的影响规律,并找出了莲仁剥落的薄弱位置;3)用Kistler测力仪对莲仁钻削去心过程进行了钻削力测试,得到了莲仁在钻削过程中轴向力-时间曲线,以及切削速度、进给量、钻头直径等工艺参数对钻削轴向力的影响曲线,测试结果与仿真结果基本一致;4)基于所设计的莲仁去心试验台,用单因素试验法测试了含水率、压辊夹紧力、钻头速度、钻头进给量及钻头直径等工艺参数对莲仁崩碎率的影响规律,并在单因素试验结果的基础上,用正交优化试验法获得最优参数组合为莲仁含水率7.78%、钻头直径2.2 mm、压辊夹紧力38 N、钻头进给速度20 mm/s、钻头转速3 000 r/min。研究结果可为莲仁钻削去心设备的设计提供参考。
Removal of lotus core is one of the important processes in lotus kernel processing. Mechanical removal of lotus core is to use rotating drill to break up and break out lotus core along the axial direction of lotus kernel. The so-called crumbling of lotus kernel refers to the phenomenon of spalling and crushing of lotus kernel. In order to minimize the processing losses and reduce the processing costs of lotus kernel in the process of drilling lotus core, and find out the influence law of the related process parameters on the crumbling of lotus kernel during the process of drilling core, in this paper, the mechanical analysis, simulation, test and process parameter optimization on the process of drilling lotus core were carried out. 1) The stress state of lotus kernel during core removal was analyzed, including the overall stress analysis of lotus kernel and the drilling force analysis. And the mechanical model of lotus kernel in drilling was established. The main factors affecting the crumbling of lotus kernel during core removal were analyzed, such as the clamping force of press roller, the drill diameter, the drill speed, the feeding rate of drill and the water content of lotus kernel. 2) Based on the related physical parameters of lotus kernel in other literatures, the DEFORM 3 D finite element method was used to simulate the core removal process. Through the corresponding post-processing of the simulation results, the variation curve of axial drilling force with time and strain contours of lotus kernel under different process parameters were obtained. By analyzing curves and strain contours,the influence law of each process parameter about the crumbling of lotus kernel was obtained. And we found out the most vulnerable place to peel off in the process of core removal. 3) The drilling force was tested by Kistler dynamometer in the process of core removal. The actual axial force-time curve in the drilling process was obtained, as well as the influence curve of drill speed, feeding speed of drill and drill diameter on the axial drilling force was obtained by test. By comparison, it was found that the test results were basically consistent with the simulation results. 4) Based on the designed lotus kernel coring test bench, the influence of water content, clamping force of press roller, drill speed, feeding speed of drill, drill diameter and other process parameters on the crumbling rate of lotus kernel was tested by single factor test method. And on the basic of the single factor test results, the optimum technological parameters were obtained by orthogonal optimization test. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: The water content was 7.78%,the drill diameter was 2.2 mm, the clamping force of the press roller was 38 N, the feeding speed of drill was 20 mm/s, and the drill speed was 3 000 r/min. The result of this study can provide a reference for the design of equipment of lotus core removal by drilling.
Removal of lotus core is one of the important processes in lotus kernel processing. Mechanical removal of lotus core is to use rotating drill to break up and break out lotus core along the axial direction of lotus kernel. The so-called crumbling of lotus kernel refers to the phenomenon of spalling and crushing of lotus kernel. In order to minimize the processing losses and reduce the processing costs of lotus kernel in the process of drilling lotus core, and find out the influence law of the related process parameters on the crumbling of lotus kernel during the process of drilling core, in this paper, the mechanical analysis, simulation, test and process parameter optimization on the process of drilling lotus core were carried out. 1) The stress state of lotus kernel during core removal was analyzed, including the overall stress analysis of lotus kernel and the drilling force analysis. And the mechanical model of lotus kernel in drilling was established. The main factors affecting the crumbling of lotus kernel during core removal were analyzed, such as the clamping force of press roller, the drill diameter, the drill speed, the feeding rate of drill and the water content of lotus kernel. 2) Based on the related physical parameters of lotus kernel in other literatures, the DEFORM 3 D finite element method was used to simulate the core removal process. Through the corresponding post-processing of the simulation results, the variation curve of axial drilling force with time and strain contours of lotus kernel under different process parameters were obtained. By analyzing curves and strain contours,the influence law of each process parameter about the crumbling of lotus kernel was obtained. And we found out the most vulnerable place to peel off in the process of core removal. 3) The drilling force was tested by Kistler dynamometer in the process of core removal. The actual axial force-time curve in the drilling process was obtained, as well as the influence curve of drill speed, feeding speed of drill and drill diameter on the axial drilling force was obtained by test. By comparison, it was found that the test results were basically consistent with the simulation results. 4) Based on the designed lotus kernel coring test bench, the influence of water content, clamping force of press roller, drill speed, feeding speed of drill, drill diameter and other process parameters on the crumbling rate of lotus kernel was tested by single factor test method. And on the basic of the single factor test results, the optimum technological parameters were obtained by orthogonal optimization test. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: The water content was 7.78%,the drill diameter was 2.2 mm, the clamping force of the press roller was 38 N, the feeding speed of drill was 20 mm/s, and the drill speed was 3 000 r/min. The result of this study can provide a reference for the design of equipment of lotus core removal by drilling.
引文
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[15]刘木华,吴彦红,夏忠义.莲子物理机械特性试验研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(3):25-27.Liu Muhua,Wu Yanhong,Xia Zhongyi.Experimental studies(Ⅰ)on physical and mechanical properties of lotus seed[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,1999,21(3):25-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[17]马秋成,郭耿君,马婕,等.莲仁力学特性参数测定及挤压破碎特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):263-271.Ma Qiucheng,Guo Gengjun,Ma Jie,et al.Determination of mechanical characteristic parameters and extrusion crushing characteristics test for lotus seed kernel[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(6):263-271.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]安立宝,张迎信.碳纤维复合材料钻削仿真及轴向力预测[J].机械科学与技术,2018,37(10):1551-1558.An Libao,Zhang Yingxin.Simulation of drilling CFRP and thrust force prediction[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2018,37(10):1551-1558.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]彭广盼,傅蔡安.麻花钻钻削钼圆材料过程有限元分析[J].机械研究与应用,2012,25(3):71-73.Peng Guangpan,Fu Caian.Finite element analysis of twist drill drilling molybdenum wafer material[J].Mechanical Research&Application,2012,25(3):71-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]温泉,赵悦,巩亚东,等.碳纤维复合材料小孔钻削工艺参数优化[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2017,38(7):978-982.Wen Quan,Zhao Yue,Gong Yadong,et al.Optimization of process parameters for small hole drilling of carbon fiber reinforced composites[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2017,38(7):978-982.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]柳柏魁,林正英.基于Deform-3D钻削加工三维有限元仿真[J].工具技术,2015,49(7):43-47.Liu Bokui,Lin Zhengying.Three dimensional fem simulation of drilling based on software deform-3D[J].Tool Engineering,2015,49(7):43-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]文怀兴,周改梅,俞祖俊.大枣去核设备的设计及试验分析[J].陕西科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,33(6):142-147.Wen Huaixing,Zhou Gaimei,Yu Zujun.Design and experimental study of a pitting device for jujube[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2015,33(6):142-147.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]袁哲俊,刘明华.刀具设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999:258-300.
[24]高希正,刘中德.理论切削学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.
[25]于化东.刀具后刀面磨损量对切削力的影响[J].长春光学精密机械学院学报,1992,15(4):29-33.Yu Huadong.Effect of the tool flank wear on cutting force[J].Journal of Chang-chun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,1992,15(4):29-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]周银镔.莲仁物理机械特性及切削加工特性研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2012.Zhou Yinbin.Research on Physical-Mechanical Properties and Cutting Processing Properties of Lotus Kernels[D].Xiangtan:Xiangtan University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]陈志勇,祝恩淳,潘景龙.复杂应力状态下木材力学性能的数值模拟[J].计算力学学报,2011,28(4):629-634.Chen Zhiyong,Zhu Enchun,Pan Jinglong.Numerical simulation of mechanical behaviour of wood under complex stress[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2011,28(4):629-634.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[2]吴芳彤,肖贵平.莲子的营养保健价值及其开发应用[J].亚热带农业研究,2012,8(4):274-278.Wu Fangtong,Xiao Guiping.Nutritional properties of lotus seeds and its application in functional foods[J].Subtropical Agriculture Research,2012,8(4):274-278.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]郑宝东,郑金贵,曾绍校.我国主要莲子品种营养成分的分析[J].营养学报,2003,25(2):153-156.Zheng Baodong,Zheng Jingui,Zeng Shaoxiao.Analysis of the nutritional composition in chinese main lotus seed varieties[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2003,25(2):153-156.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]曾绍校,陈秉彦,郭泽镔,等.莲子生理活性的研究进展[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(11):2110-2114.Zeng Shaoxiao,Chen Bingyan,Guo Zebin,et al.Advances in the bioactivity of lotus-seed[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2012,33(11):2110-2114.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Luo Huolin,Liu Xingxing,Huang Xueyong,et al.Chemical deterioration of lotus seeds during storage[J].Journal of Food Quality,2016,39(5):496-503.
[6]Zeng Hongyan,Cai Lianhui,Cai Xiling,et al.Amino acid profiles and quality from lotus seed proteins[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2013,93(5):1070-1075.
[7]周鸣谦,刘春泉,李大婧.不同干燥方式对莲子品质的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(9):98-104.Zhou Mingqian,Liu Chunquan,Li Dajing.Effect of different drying methods on quality of lotus seeds[J].Food Science,2016,37(9):98-104.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]赵莹婷,王为为,庄玮婧,等.莲子微波真空干燥特性及其微观结构的分形特征[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(8):213-218.Zhao Yingting,Wang Weiwei,Zhuang Weijing,et al.Microwave vacuum drying characteristics of lotus seeds and the fractal characteristics of their micro structures[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2016,32(8):213-218.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]谢丽娟,宗力,李小昱.莲子机械特性的测试研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):11-14.Xie Lijuan,Zong Li,Li Xiaoyu.Experimental study on mechanical properties of lotus seed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(7):11-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]裴圣华,饶洪辉,刘木华.莲子通芯机研究现状与展望[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):43-45,49.Pei Shenghua,Rao Honghui,Liu Muhua.Research status and prospect of machine for the coring of lotus seed[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(6):43-45,49.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]庄文星,张永林,余群.具有自动对心功能的莲子穿心机设计[J].农业机械,2012(9):151-153.
[12]马秋成,卢安舸,陈锴,等.莲子机械自动去芯自适应定心技术与样机试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):17-24.Ma Qiucheng,Lu Ange,Chen Kai,et al.Study on self-adaptive centering method of removing core of lotus seed and prototype test[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(21):17-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]易启伟,王旺平,张永林.干壳莲子剥壳穿心机械化加工技术与装备[J].食品与机械,2010,26(4):81-83.Yi Qiwei,Wang Wangping,Zhang Yonglin.Mechanizing processing technology&equipment for lotus seed shelling and drilling[J].Food&Machinery,2010,26(4):81-83.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]谢丽娟,宗力,李小昱.莲子机械特性的测试研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):11-14.Xie Lijuan,Zong,Li Xiaoyu.Experimental study on mechanical properties of lotus seed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(7):11-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]刘木华,吴彦红,夏忠义.莲子物理机械特性试验研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(3):25-27.Liu Muhua,Wu Yanhong,Xia Zhongyi.Experimental studies(Ⅰ)on physical and mechanical properties of lotus seed[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,1999,21(3):25-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]谢丽娟,宗力.莲子受力有限元分析[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(6):94-97.Xie Lijuan,Zong Li.Analysis of finite element method for loaded lotus seed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(6):94-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]马秋成,郭耿君,马婕,等.莲仁力学特性参数测定及挤压破碎特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):263-271.Ma Qiucheng,Guo Gengjun,Ma Jie,et al.Determination of mechanical characteristic parameters and extrusion crushing characteristics test for lotus seed kernel[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(6):263-271.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]安立宝,张迎信.碳纤维复合材料钻削仿真及轴向力预测[J].机械科学与技术,2018,37(10):1551-1558.An Libao,Zhang Yingxin.Simulation of drilling CFRP and thrust force prediction[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2018,37(10):1551-1558.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]彭广盼,傅蔡安.麻花钻钻削钼圆材料过程有限元分析[J].机械研究与应用,2012,25(3):71-73.Peng Guangpan,Fu Caian.Finite element analysis of twist drill drilling molybdenum wafer material[J].Mechanical Research&Application,2012,25(3):71-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]温泉,赵悦,巩亚东,等.碳纤维复合材料小孔钻削工艺参数优化[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2017,38(7):978-982.Wen Quan,Zhao Yue,Gong Yadong,et al.Optimization of process parameters for small hole drilling of carbon fiber reinforced composites[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2017,38(7):978-982.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]柳柏魁,林正英.基于Deform-3D钻削加工三维有限元仿真[J].工具技术,2015,49(7):43-47.Liu Bokui,Lin Zhengying.Three dimensional fem simulation of drilling based on software deform-3D[J].Tool Engineering,2015,49(7):43-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]文怀兴,周改梅,俞祖俊.大枣去核设备的设计及试验分析[J].陕西科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,33(6):142-147.Wen Huaixing,Zhou Gaimei,Yu Zujun.Design and experimental study of a pitting device for jujube[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2015,33(6):142-147.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]袁哲俊,刘明华.刀具设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999:258-300.
[24]高希正,刘中德.理论切削学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.
[25]于化东.刀具后刀面磨损量对切削力的影响[J].长春光学精密机械学院学报,1992,15(4):29-33.Yu Huadong.Effect of the tool flank wear on cutting force[J].Journal of Chang-chun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,1992,15(4):29-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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