耕地植被人为干扰格局动态变化特征及其尺度效应
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摘要
为探究耕地植被人为干扰格局动态变化特征及其尺度效应,该研究以黑龙江省大庆市为研究区,通过遥感与地理信息系统相结合的方法计算和识别耕地植被人为干扰,分析5个时段(1990-1995年、1995-2000年、2000-2005年、2005-2010年和2010-2016年)耕地植被人为干扰格局动态变化特征;并采用滑动格窗法和ISODATA聚类算法,对耕地植被人为干扰格局的尺度效应进行了研究。结果表明:1)当耕地植被受到的人为干扰增多时,研究区耕地植被人为干扰的分布趋向于集中;反之则趋向于分散。2)研究期内占耕地植被人为干扰面积50%以上的地区的尺度效应并不明显,但仍有占面积11.81%～18.33%的地区人为干扰的尺度效应十分显著,这些地区是人为干扰分布最集中和最不均匀的地区。3)在耕地植被人为干扰尺度效应显著地区中,土地利用类型未发生变化的地区所占的面积比例呈上升趋势,说明耕地保护政策产生了较好的效果;但耕地植被人为干扰的主要来源是农业生产行为,应将未来政策关注的重点转为对耕地土壤理化性质稳定性的维护。4)从多尺度空间聚类类型可以看出,在大部分尺度效应显著地区,尺度越小耕地植被人为干扰越显著,说明发展适度规模农业是降低人为干扰、提高粮食产量的有效途径。研究对于实现耕地保护和粮食稳定生产具有重要意义。
The characteristics of human disturbance pattern changes of cultivated land vegetation is the spatial expression of the disturbance to changes of cultivated land vegetation under the interaction of human activities and natural conditions of cultivated land. It is an important basis to diagnose the influence of human utilization behavior on the stable crops production that mastering the dynamic characteristics of human disturbance pattern change of cultivated land vegetation on different scales. In order to explore the multi-scale dynamic characteristics of human disturbance patterns change of cultivated land vegetation, this study took Daqing, Heilongjiang Province as the research area, calculated and identified dynamic characteristics of human disturbance patterns change of cultivated land vegetation in five periods(1990-1995, 1995-2000,2000-2005, 2005-2010 and 2010-2016) by using methods of remote sense(RS) and geographical information system(GIS).Scale effects of human disturbance patterns of cultivated land vegetation was analyzed by using methods of sliding lattice and iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm(ISODAT Algorithm). The results showed that the distribution of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation in the research area tended to be concentrated when the human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation increased, and on the contrary tended to be dispersed. There were two main reasons for the formation of human disturbance pattern of cultivated land vegetation, one reason was that agricultural planting behavior led to the fluctuation of the physical and chemical properties of soil, which led to the change of crops prosperity. The other was that the conversion between cultivated land and other land use types, which led to the fundamental change of cultivated land vegetation. We also found that in the study period, the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was not obvious in the areas that accounted for more than 50%.However, the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was still obvious in the areas that accounted for 11.81% to 18.33%, these areas were the most concentrated and uneven distribution of human disturbance. Concentration of human disturbance changed the environment, vegetation and influence between the neighboring vegetation dependencies, destabilized the cultivated land vegetation habitat, therefore, in the regions where the scale effect of human disturbance was obvious, the effect of human disturbance on vegetation community habitat was significantly greater than that of other regions. In addition in the areas where the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was obvious, the proportion of the area where land use type had not changed showed an increasing trend, it showed that the policy of cultivated land protection had a good effect. But agricultural production behavior was the main source of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation. So the focus of future policy should be shifted to maintaining the stability of soil physical and chemical properties. Finally, it can be seen from the multi-scale spatial clustering types that in most regions with obvious scale effects, the smaller the scale, the more obvious the human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation. It showed that the development of moderate scale agriculture was an effective way to reduce human disturbance and improve grain yield. In this study, we proposed the theory and method which could realize the research on dynamics of cultivated land vegetation structure changes under human disturbance and rapidly monitoring of its scale effect.This research is of great significance for realizing the protection of cultivated land and stable grain production.
The characteristics of human disturbance pattern changes of cultivated land vegetation is the spatial expression of the disturbance to changes of cultivated land vegetation under the interaction of human activities and natural conditions of cultivated land. It is an important basis to diagnose the influence of human utilization behavior on the stable crops production that mastering the dynamic characteristics of human disturbance pattern change of cultivated land vegetation on different scales. In order to explore the multi-scale dynamic characteristics of human disturbance patterns change of cultivated land vegetation, this study took Daqing, Heilongjiang Province as the research area, calculated and identified dynamic characteristics of human disturbance patterns change of cultivated land vegetation in five periods(1990-1995, 1995-2000,2000-2005, 2005-2010 and 2010-2016) by using methods of remote sense(RS) and geographical information system(GIS).Scale effects of human disturbance patterns of cultivated land vegetation was analyzed by using methods of sliding lattice and iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm(ISODAT Algorithm). The results showed that the distribution of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation in the research area tended to be concentrated when the human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation increased, and on the contrary tended to be dispersed. There were two main reasons for the formation of human disturbance pattern of cultivated land vegetation, one reason was that agricultural planting behavior led to the fluctuation of the physical and chemical properties of soil, which led to the change of crops prosperity. The other was that the conversion between cultivated land and other land use types, which led to the fundamental change of cultivated land vegetation. We also found that in the study period, the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was not obvious in the areas that accounted for more than 50%.However, the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was still obvious in the areas that accounted for 11.81% to 18.33%, these areas were the most concentrated and uneven distribution of human disturbance. Concentration of human disturbance changed the environment, vegetation and influence between the neighboring vegetation dependencies, destabilized the cultivated land vegetation habitat, therefore, in the regions where the scale effect of human disturbance was obvious, the effect of human disturbance on vegetation community habitat was significantly greater than that of other regions. In addition in the areas where the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was obvious, the proportion of the area where land use type had not changed showed an increasing trend, it showed that the policy of cultivated land protection had a good effect. But agricultural production behavior was the main source of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation. So the focus of future policy should be shifted to maintaining the stability of soil physical and chemical properties. Finally, it can be seen from the multi-scale spatial clustering types that in most regions with obvious scale effects, the smaller the scale, the more obvious the human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation. It showed that the development of moderate scale agriculture was an effective way to reduce human disturbance and improve grain yield. In this study, we proposed the theory and method which could realize the research on dynamics of cultivated land vegetation structure changes under human disturbance and rapidly monitoring of its scale effect.This research is of great significance for realizing the protection of cultivated land and stable grain production.
引文
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[21]乔伟峰,吴江国,王亚华.多尺度粒度变化对区域土地利用景观格局的影响:以镇江市为例[J].南京师范大学:自然科学版,2015,38(3):120-126.QiaoWeifeng,Wu Jiangguo,Wang Yahua.Effect of multi:Scale granularity change to regional land use landscape pattern:A case study of Zhenjiang[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2015,38(3):120-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]马胜,梁小英,刘迪,等.生态脆弱区多尺度景观生态风险评价:以陕西省米脂县高渠乡为例[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3171-3178.Ma Sheng,Liang Xiaoying,Liu Di,et al.Multi-scale landscape ecological risk assessment in ecologically fragile regions:A case study in Gaoqu Town in Mizhi County,Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(10):3171-3178.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]韩蓉,唐湘玲.玛纳斯河流域近14年多尺度粒度变化对土地利用景观格局的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):1994-2001.Han Rong,Tang Xiangling.Influence of grain size change on land use landscape pattern in Manasi River in recent 14years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):1994-2001.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Bourbonnais M L,Nelson T A,Stenhouse G B,et al.Characterizing spatial-temporal patterns of landscape disturbance and recovery in western Alberta,Canada using a functional data analysis approach and remotely sensed data[J]Ecological Informatics,2017,39:140-150.
[25]Zaccarelli N,Riitters K H,Petrosillo I,et al.Indicating disturbance content and context for preserved areas[J].Ecological Indicators,2008,8(6):841-853.
[26]赵慧姝,车晓翠.基于多维视角的资源型城市经济转型时机理论分析与判断:以大庆市为例[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(10):871-875.Zhao Huishu,Che Xiaocui.Theoretical analysis and empirical study on economic transformation opportunity of resource:based city:A case study of Daqing City[J].Resource Development&Market,2012,28(10):871-875.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]张丽娟,姜蓝齐,张学珍,等.19世纪末黑龙江省的耕地覆盖重建[J].地理学报,2014,69(4):448-458.Zhang Lijuan,Jiang Lanqi,Zhang Xuezhen,et al.Reconstruction of cropland over Heilongjiang Provincein the late 19th century[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(4):448-458.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]任婷,吕杰.大庆市20年耕地面积变化及其驱动力分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报:社会科学版,2011,13(3):263-267.Ren Ting,LüJie.On the farmland area change of Daqing Cityin last 20 years and its driving power[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2011,13(3):263-267.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]廖顺宝,岳艳琳.基于时序NDVI图谱库提高土地覆盖分类精度分方法[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(7):241-246.Liao Shunbao,Yue Yanlin.Method of improving classification accuracy of land coverbased on time series NDVI database[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transeations of the CSAE),2018,34(7):241-246.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]郝鹏宇,唐华俊,陈仲新,等.基于历史增强型覆盖指数时序的农作物类型早期识别[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):179-186.Hao Pengyu,Tang Huajun,Chen Zhongxin,et al.Early season crop type recognition based on historical EVI time series[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transeations of the CSAE),2018,34(13):179-186.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]周全,张荣,尹东.基于高斯金字塔的遥感云图多尺度特征提取[J].遥感技术与应用,2010,25(5):604-608.Zhou Quan,Zhang Rong,Yin Dong.The extracting of multiscale features of remote sensing cloud images based on Gaussian pyramid[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2010,25(5):604-608.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]林佳,宋戈,张莹.基于景观生态风险格局的盐碱地分区规划防治研究:以黑龙江省林甸县为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5509-5518.Lin Jia,Song Ge,Zhang Ying.Regionalization planning for prevention and control of saline-alkali land based on a landscape ecology risk pattern theory:A case study in Lindian County,Heilongjiang Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,201838(15):5509-5518.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Oliveira P T S,Nearing,M A,Wendland E.Orders of magnitude increase in soil erosion associated with land use change from native to cultivated vegetation in a Brazilian savannah environment[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2015,40(11):1524-1532.
[3]Zurlini G,Riitters K,Zaccarelli N,et al.Disturbance patterns in a socio-ecological system at multiple scales[J].Ecological Complexity,2006,3(2):119-128.
[4]王俊,孙晶,杨新军,等.基于NDVI的社会生态系统多尺度干扰分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1622-1628.Wang Jun,Sun Jing,Yang Xinjun,et al.An analysis of disturbance on social ecological system atmultiple scales based on NDVI:Case study in Yuzhong county of Gansu Province[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2009,29(3):1622-1628.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Horn H S.Ecological disequilibria[J].Science,1985230(4724):434-435.
[6]Venter O,Sanderson E W,Magrach A,et al.Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:1-11.
[7]Masek J G,Cohen W B,Leckie D,et al.Recent rates of forest harvest and conversion in North America[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,2015,116(G4):1451-1453.
[8]Pickell P D,Hermosilla T,Coops N C,et al.Monitoring anthropogenic disturbance trends in an industrialized boreal forest with Landsat time series[J].Remote Sensing Letters,2014,5:783-792.
[9]Riitters K,Jennifer K,Costanza,et al.Interpreting multiscale domains of tree cover disturbance patterns in North America[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,80:147-152.
[10]刘吉平,董春月,盛连喜,等.1955-2010年小三江平原沼泽湿地景观格局变化及其对人为干扰的响应[J].地理科学,2016,36(6):879-887.Liu Jiping,Dong Chunyue,Sheng Lianxi,et al.Landscape pattern change of the marsh and its response to human disturbance in the Small Sanjiang Plain,1955-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(6):879-887.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]荣子容,王其翔,马安青.黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化特征研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(3):81-85.Rong Zirong,Wang Qixiang,Ma Anqing.Research on the characteristic of landscape:patterns in wetland of Yellow Riverdelta using RS and GIS[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(3):81-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Pickell P D,Andison D W,Coops N C,et al.The spatial patterns of anthropogenic disturbance in the western Canadian boreal forest following oil and gas development[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,45:732-743.
[13]White J C,Wulder M A,Gómez C,et al.A history of habitat dynamics:Characterizing 35 years of stand replacing disturbance[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,201137:234-251.
[14]De Fries R,Foley J A,Asner G P.Land-use choices:Balancing human needs and ecosystem function[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2004,2:249-257.
[15]Pickell P D,Coops N C,Gergel S E,et al.Evolution of Canada's boreal forest spatial patterns as seen from space[J].PLOS One,2016,11(7):e0157736.
[16]Pickell P D,Hermosilla T J,Frazier R,et al.Forest recovery trends derived from Landsat time series for North American boreal forests[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,37(1):138-149.
[17]Wulder M A,White J C,Han T,et al.Monitoring Canada's forests.Part 2:National forest fragmentation and pattern[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,34(6):563-584.
[18]White C F H,Coops N C,Nijland W,et al.Characterizing a decade of disturbance events using Landsat and MODISsatellite imagery in Western Alberta,Canada for grizzly bear management[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2014,40(5):336-347.
[19]Zurlini G,Jones K B,Riitters K H,et al.Early warning signals of regime shifts from cross-scale connectivity of land-cover patterns[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,45:549-560.
[20]张永民,周成虎,郑纯辉,等.沽源县土地利用格局的多尺度模拟与分析[J].资源科学,2006,28(2):88-96.Zhang Yongmin,Zhou Chenghu,Zheng Chunhui,et al.Spatial land use patterns in Guyuan county:Simulation and analysis at multi-scale levels[J].Resouces Science,2006,28(2):88-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]乔伟峰,吴江国,王亚华.多尺度粒度变化对区域土地利用景观格局的影响:以镇江市为例[J].南京师范大学:自然科学版,2015,38(3):120-126.QiaoWeifeng,Wu Jiangguo,Wang Yahua.Effect of multi:Scale granularity change to regional land use landscape pattern:A case study of Zhenjiang[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2015,38(3):120-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]马胜,梁小英,刘迪,等.生态脆弱区多尺度景观生态风险评价:以陕西省米脂县高渠乡为例[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3171-3178.Ma Sheng,Liang Xiaoying,Liu Di,et al.Multi-scale landscape ecological risk assessment in ecologically fragile regions:A case study in Gaoqu Town in Mizhi County,Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(10):3171-3178.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]韩蓉,唐湘玲.玛纳斯河流域近14年多尺度粒度变化对土地利用景观格局的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):1994-2001.Han Rong,Tang Xiangling.Influence of grain size change on land use landscape pattern in Manasi River in recent 14years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):1994-2001.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Bourbonnais M L,Nelson T A,Stenhouse G B,et al.Characterizing spatial-temporal patterns of landscape disturbance and recovery in western Alberta,Canada using a functional data analysis approach and remotely sensed data[J]Ecological Informatics,2017,39:140-150.
[25]Zaccarelli N,Riitters K H,Petrosillo I,et al.Indicating disturbance content and context for preserved areas[J].Ecological Indicators,2008,8(6):841-853.
[26]赵慧姝,车晓翠.基于多维视角的资源型城市经济转型时机理论分析与判断:以大庆市为例[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(10):871-875.Zhao Huishu,Che Xiaocui.Theoretical analysis and empirical study on economic transformation opportunity of resource:based city:A case study of Daqing City[J].Resource Development&Market,2012,28(10):871-875.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]张丽娟,姜蓝齐,张学珍,等.19世纪末黑龙江省的耕地覆盖重建[J].地理学报,2014,69(4):448-458.Zhang Lijuan,Jiang Lanqi,Zhang Xuezhen,et al.Reconstruction of cropland over Heilongjiang Provincein the late 19th century[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(4):448-458.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]任婷,吕杰.大庆市20年耕地面积变化及其驱动力分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报:社会科学版,2011,13(3):263-267.Ren Ting,LüJie.On the farmland area change of Daqing Cityin last 20 years and its driving power[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2011,13(3):263-267.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]廖顺宝,岳艳琳.基于时序NDVI图谱库提高土地覆盖分类精度分方法[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(7):241-246.Liao Shunbao,Yue Yanlin.Method of improving classification accuracy of land coverbased on time series NDVI database[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transeations of the CSAE),2018,34(7):241-246.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]郝鹏宇,唐华俊,陈仲新,等.基于历史增强型覆盖指数时序的农作物类型早期识别[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):179-186.Hao Pengyu,Tang Huajun,Chen Zhongxin,et al.Early season crop type recognition based on historical EVI time series[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transeations of the CSAE),2018,34(13):179-186.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]周全,张荣,尹东.基于高斯金字塔的遥感云图多尺度特征提取[J].遥感技术与应用,2010,25(5):604-608.Zhou Quan,Zhang Rong,Yin Dong.The extracting of multiscale features of remote sensing cloud images based on Gaussian pyramid[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2010,25(5):604-608.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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