石墨烯涂层对电磁轨道炮性能影响的试验研究
|
摘要
石墨烯是具有诸多优良性能的新型碳纳米材料,且石墨烯涂层对提高电磁轨道炮电枢/轨道间的滑动电接触性能及发射性能具有较大的应用潜力。为此采用分组对比试验方法,对普通U型铝电枢和石墨烯涂层电枢进行了电枢/轨道接触界面滑动摩擦力、静态接触电阻等性能测试。并通过设定相同的条件,对比开展了低速发射试验研究,且还对电枢速度和电枢/轨道界面特性变化进行了分析。试验结果分析表明:1)石墨烯涂层具有良好的润滑性能,可使电枢/轨道接触界面的滑动摩擦系数降低约25%;2)石墨烯涂层增大了电枢/轨道接触界面的静态接触电阻,幅度在5%～10%,但并不会严重影响电枢/轨道间良好的电传导;3)在文中低速度发射条件下,石墨烯涂层电枢较普通U型铝电枢能达到更高的发射速度,速度提升23%以上;4)石墨烯涂层能起到抗电弧烧蚀、减少沉积层中氧含量的作用,保证了良好的电枢/轨道滑动电接触状态。
Graphene is a new type of carbon nanomaterials with excellent properties, and the graphene coating has great potentials for improving the performance of sliding electrical contact between rails and armature and the launching performance of electromagnetic railgun. We tested the performance of sliding friction and static contact resistance for the U-shaped aluminum armature coated with & without graphene comparatively. Besides, the U-shaped aluminum armature coated with & without graphene were launched comparatively on the same conditions to analyze the velocity of armatures and the interfacial characterization between rails and armature. The experimental results show that: 1) Graphene coating displays good lubricity, and the sliding friction coefficient between rails and armature reduces by about 25%. 2) Graphene coating increases the static contact resistance by 5%～10%, but it can still keep the good electrical conduction to some extent. 3) In a low-velocity launching condition, the velocity of the armatures coated with graphene increases by more than 23% compared with that of the armatures coated without graphene. 4) Graphene coating has the ability to depress the arc and to decrease the oxygen content in the sediment, accordingly, ensures good sliding contact state.
Graphene is a new type of carbon nanomaterials with excellent properties, and the graphene coating has great potentials for improving the performance of sliding electrical contact between rails and armature and the launching performance of electromagnetic railgun. We tested the performance of sliding friction and static contact resistance for the U-shaped aluminum armature coated with & without graphene comparatively. Besides, the U-shaped aluminum armature coated with & without graphene were launched comparatively on the same conditions to analyze the velocity of armatures and the interfacial characterization between rails and armature. The experimental results show that: 1) Graphene coating displays good lubricity, and the sliding friction coefficient between rails and armature reduces by about 25%. 2) Graphene coating increases the static contact resistance by 5%～10%, but it can still keep the good electrical conduction to some extent. 3) In a low-velocity launching condition, the velocity of the armatures coated with graphene increases by more than 23% compared with that of the armatures coated without graphene. 4) Graphene coating has the ability to depress the arc and to decrease the oxygen content in the sediment, accordingly, ensures good sliding contact state.
引文
[1]李军,严萍,袁伟群.电磁轨道炮发射技术的发展与现状[J].高电压技术,2014,40(4):1052-1064.LIJun,YANPing,YUANWeiqun.Electromagneticguntechnology anditsdevelopment[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(4):1052-1064.
[2]PERSADC,CASTROZ.Railguntribology:characterizationand control of multishot wear debris[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007, 43(1):173-177.
[3]孟学平,雷彬,向红军,等.外磁场对金属射流的作用机理[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3042-3049.MENG Xueping, LEI Bin, XIANG Hongjun, et al. Action mechanism ofimposedmagneticfieldonshapedchargejet[J].HighVoltageEngineering, 2017, 43(9):3042-3049.
[4]MARSHALLRA,YINGW.Railguns.Theirscienceandtechnology[M]. Beijing, China:China Machine Press, 2004.
[5]FAIRHD.Progressinelectromagneticlaunchscienceandtechnology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2007, 43(1):93-98.
[6]MATTHEWJS,RICHARDWN.Materialsselectionexercisefor electromagneticlauncherrails[J].IEEETransactionsonMagnetics,2013, 49(8):4831-4838.
[7]NELSON C, EDSION C. Application of coatings for electromagnetic guntechnology[J].IEEETransactionsonMagnetics,1995,31(1):704-708.
[8]TREVOR W, DOYLE T M. The effect of surface coating on the onset of rail gouging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2011, 39(4):168.
[9]SHVETSOVGA,STANKEVICHSV.Problemofmaterialsfor railguns[C]//Pulsed Power Conference. Monterey, USA:[s.n.], 2005:104-107.
[10]王志恒,武昊然,李小将,等.电枢初速对电磁轨道炮性能的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):1885-1890.WANG Zhiheng, WU Haoran, LI Xiaojiang, et al. Effect of armature initialvelocityontheperformanceofrailgun[J].HighVoltageEngineering, 2015, 41(6):1885-1890.
[11]PERSAD C, ANDREW Y, GOPAL P, et al. On the nature of the armature-railinterface:liquidmetaleffects[J].IEEETransactionson Magnetics, 1997, 33(1):140-145.
[12]NOVOSELOVK,GEIMA,MOROZOVS.Electricfieldeffectin atomically thin carbon films[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5696):666-667.
[13]KIMKS,ZHAOY,JANGH,etal.Large-scalepatterngrowthof graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes[J]. Nature, 2009,457(7230):706-710.
[14]EDAG,FANCHINIG,CHHOWALLAM.Large-areaultrathinfilms of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 3(5):270-274.
[15]REINA A, JIA X T, HO J, et al. Large-area, few-layer graphene films onarbitrarysubstratesbychemicalvapordeposition[J].NanoLetter,2009, 9(1):30-35.
[16]朱仁贵,张倩,李治源,等.高功率脉冲电流作用下滑动界面初始熔蚀的试验研究[J].高电压技术, 2015, 41(6):1879-1884.ZHURengui,ZHANGQian,LIZhiyuan,etal.Experimentresearch on initial melt erosion at the sliding interface under high power pulse current[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(6):1879-1884.
[17]冯登,夏胜国,陈立学,等.基于过盈配合的C形电枢轨道初始接触特性分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(4):1077-1083.FENGDeng,XIAShengguo,CHENLixue,etal.Characteristics analysisoftheinitialcontactbetweenC-shapedarmatureandrail basedoninterferencefit[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(4):1077-1083.
[18]曹昭君,何俊佳,王子建,等.电磁发射中固体电枢的磁探针测速方法研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(6):56-59.CAOZhaojun,HEJunjia,WANGZijian,etal.Researchonvelocity measurementofsolidarmaturebyB-dotprobesinelectromagnetic launch[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2006, 32(6):56-59.
[2]PERSADC,CASTROZ.Railguntribology:characterizationand control of multishot wear debris[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007, 43(1):173-177.
[3]孟学平,雷彬,向红军,等.外磁场对金属射流的作用机理[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3042-3049.MENG Xueping, LEI Bin, XIANG Hongjun, et al. Action mechanism ofimposedmagneticfieldonshapedchargejet[J].HighVoltageEngineering, 2017, 43(9):3042-3049.
[4]MARSHALLRA,YINGW.Railguns.Theirscienceandtechnology[M]. Beijing, China:China Machine Press, 2004.
[5]FAIRHD.Progressinelectromagneticlaunchscienceandtechnology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2007, 43(1):93-98.
[6]MATTHEWJS,RICHARDWN.Materialsselectionexercisefor electromagneticlauncherrails[J].IEEETransactionsonMagnetics,2013, 49(8):4831-4838.
[7]NELSON C, EDSION C. Application of coatings for electromagnetic guntechnology[J].IEEETransactionsonMagnetics,1995,31(1):704-708.
[8]TREVOR W, DOYLE T M. The effect of surface coating on the onset of rail gouging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2011, 39(4):168.
[9]SHVETSOVGA,STANKEVICHSV.Problemofmaterialsfor railguns[C]//Pulsed Power Conference. Monterey, USA:[s.n.], 2005:104-107.
[10]王志恒,武昊然,李小将,等.电枢初速对电磁轨道炮性能的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):1885-1890.WANG Zhiheng, WU Haoran, LI Xiaojiang, et al. Effect of armature initialvelocityontheperformanceofrailgun[J].HighVoltageEngineering, 2015, 41(6):1885-1890.
[11]PERSAD C, ANDREW Y, GOPAL P, et al. On the nature of the armature-railinterface:liquidmetaleffects[J].IEEETransactionson Magnetics, 1997, 33(1):140-145.
[12]NOVOSELOVK,GEIMA,MOROZOVS.Electricfieldeffectin atomically thin carbon films[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5696):666-667.
[13]KIMKS,ZHAOY,JANGH,etal.Large-scalepatterngrowthof graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes[J]. Nature, 2009,457(7230):706-710.
[14]EDAG,FANCHINIG,CHHOWALLAM.Large-areaultrathinfilms of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 3(5):270-274.
[15]REINA A, JIA X T, HO J, et al. Large-area, few-layer graphene films onarbitrarysubstratesbychemicalvapordeposition[J].NanoLetter,2009, 9(1):30-35.
[16]朱仁贵,张倩,李治源,等.高功率脉冲电流作用下滑动界面初始熔蚀的试验研究[J].高电压技术, 2015, 41(6):1879-1884.ZHURengui,ZHANGQian,LIZhiyuan,etal.Experimentresearch on initial melt erosion at the sliding interface under high power pulse current[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(6):1879-1884.
[17]冯登,夏胜国,陈立学,等.基于过盈配合的C形电枢轨道初始接触特性分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(4):1077-1083.FENGDeng,XIAShengguo,CHENLixue,etal.Characteristics analysisoftheinitialcontactbetweenC-shapedarmatureandrail basedoninterferencefit[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(4):1077-1083.
[18]曹昭君,何俊佳,王子建,等.电磁发射中固体电枢的磁探针测速方法研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(6):56-59.CAOZhaojun,HEJunjia,WANGZijian,etal.Researchonvelocity measurementofsolidarmaturebyB-dotprobesinelectromagnetic launch[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2006, 32(6):56-59.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |