利用波前广义Logistic函数拟合的直流输电线路快速保护原理
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摘要
直流输电尤其是柔性直流输电对继电保护的快速动作提出更高要求。直流输电线路发生故障后,故障点处电气量包含全频带信号,故障点产生的行波在向线路两端传播的过程中,受到输电线路参数频变特性的影响发生色散,传播至线路首端的故障行波波前中将包含故障信息。该文基于行波波前的故障信息分析,利用行波波前畸变程度与故障距离、行波波前幅值与过渡电阻的关系,构造广义Logistic函数对零模故障电流波前进行拟合以提取故障信息,得到的拟合系数能反映故障距离和过渡电阻大小,据此提出一种新的直流输电线路快速保护原理。仿真验证表明,该原理动作快速准确,耐过渡电阻能力强。
DC transmission, especially modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)transmission, raised high demand for high speed operation of relay. When a fault occurred, the fault traveling wave contained of wide-band frequencies was generated and transmitted to both ends of the transmission line. Due to the frequency-dependent characteristics of the transmission line parameters, the distorted traveling wave front at the end of the transmission line contained fault information. In this paper, the fault information contained in traveling wave front was analyzed.Using the relationships between 1) the traveling wave front distortion and the fault distance, 2) the traveling wave front amplitude and the fault resistance, the generalized logistic function was constructed to extract the fault distance/resistance by fitting the wave front of zero-mode fault current. Then a novel high speed protection principle for DC transmission was proposed using the fitting coefficient. The simulation results show that the proposed principle is fast and can correctly act even with high fault resistance.
DC transmission, especially modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)transmission, raised high demand for high speed operation of relay. When a fault occurred, the fault traveling wave contained of wide-band frequencies was generated and transmitted to both ends of the transmission line. Due to the frequency-dependent characteristics of the transmission line parameters, the distorted traveling wave front at the end of the transmission line contained fault information. In this paper, the fault information contained in traveling wave front was analyzed.Using the relationships between 1) the traveling wave front distortion and the fault distance, 2) the traveling wave front amplitude and the fault resistance, the generalized logistic function was constructed to extract the fault distance/resistance by fitting the wave front of zero-mode fault current. Then a novel high speed protection principle for DC transmission was proposed using the fitting coefficient. The simulation results show that the proposed principle is fast and can correctly act even with high fault resistance.
引文
[1]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004.Zhao Wanjun.HVDC transmission engineering technology[M].Beijing:China Power Press,2004(in Chinese).
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[3]Kong Fei,Hao Zhiguo,Zhang Baohui.A novel travelingwave-based main protection scheme for±800kV UHVDCbipolar transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(5):2159-2168.
[4]Xie L H,Jin L J,Wang X L,et al.Improved protection method of HVDC transmission line based on the analysis of traveling wave dispersion[C]//Proceedings of 2014International Conference on Power System Technology.Chengdu:IEEE,2014:467-473.
[5]李德坤,宋国兵,高淑萍,等.VSC-HVDC输电线路单端行波自动化故障定位方法研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):1128-1133.Li Dekun,Song Guobing,Gao Shuping,et al.Study on automatic fault location for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on one-terminal traveling wave[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):1128-1133(in Chinese).
[6]Costa F B,Monti A,Lopes F V,et al.Two-terminal traveling-wave-based transmission-line protection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1382-1393.
[7]孙栩,曹士冬,卜广全,等.架空线柔性直流电网构建方案[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):678-682.Sun Xu,Cao Shidong,Bu Guangquan,et al.Construction scheme of overhead line flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):678-682(in Chinese).
[8]张保会,张嵩,尤敏,等.高压直流线路单端暂态量保护研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):18-23.Zhang Baohui,Zhang Song,You Min,et al.Research on transient-based protection for HVDC lines[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(15):18-23(in Chinese).
[9]张保会,孔飞,张嵩,等.高压直流输电线路单端暂态量保护装置的技术开发[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(4):179-185.Zhang Baohui,Kong Fei,Zhang Song,et al.Technical development of non-unit protection devices based on transient signals for HVDC transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(4):179-185(in Chinese).
[10]Li Zhao,Zou Guibin,Tong Bingbing,et al.Novel traveling wave protection method for high voltage DCtransmission line[C]//Proceedings of 2015 Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Denver:IEEE,2015:1-5.
[11]Wu Jiyang,Li Haifeng,Wang Gang,et al.An improved traveling-wave protection scheme for LCC-HVDCtransmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):106-116.
[12]Luo Shuxin,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing,et al.Anon-unit protection principle based on travelling wave for HVDC transmission lines[C]//Proceedings of the 50th International Universities Power Engineering Conference.Stoke on Trent:IEEE,2015:1-6.
[13]徐敏,蔡泽祥,刘永浩,等.基于宽频信息的高压直流输电线路行波故障测距方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):259-265.Xu Min,Cai Zexiang,Liu Yonghao,et al.A novel fault location method for HVDC transmission line based on the broadband travelling wave information[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):259-265(in Chinese).
[14]覃剑,陈祥训,郑健超.行波在输电线上传播的色散研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):27-30.Qin Jian,Chen Xiangxun,Zheng Jianchao.Study on dispersion of travelling wave in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(9):27-30(in Chinese).
[15]吕延洁,张保会,哈恒旭.基于暂态量超高速线路保护的发展与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(5):56-61.LüYanjie,Zhang Baohui,Ha Hengxu.Development and prospect of ultra-high speed protection for EHVtransmission systems based on fault-generated transients[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(5):56-61(in Chinese).
[16]Vazquez E,Castruita J,Chacon O L,et al.A new approach traveling-wave distance protection-Part I:algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(2):795-800.
[17]束洪春,田鑫萃,安娜.采用实测数据和主成分分析的直流输电线路故障识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):203-209.Shu Hongchun,Tian Xincui,An Na.Fault identification method for DC transmission lines using measured data and principal component analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):203-209(in Chinese).
[18]Yang Qingqing,Le Blond S,Aggarwal R,et al.New ANNmethod for multi-terminal HVDC protection relaying[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2017,148:192-201.
[19]韩昆仑,蔡泽祥,贺智,等.高压直流输电线路故障行波传播特性及其对行波保护的影响[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(21):20-25.Han Kunlun,Cai Zexiang,He Zhi,et al.Propagation characteristic of fault traveling wave on HVDC line and its influence on HVDC line traveling wave protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(21):20-25(in Chinese).
[20]王珺,董新洲,施慎行.考虑参数依频变化特性的辐射状架空配电线路行波传播研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):96-102.Wang Jun,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing.Traveling wave transmission research for overhead lines of radial distribution power systems considering frequency characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):96-102(in Chinese).
[21]Dong Xinzhou,Ge Yaozhong,He Jiali.Surge impedance relay[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):1247-1256.
[22]李明舒.基于行波色散效应的行波故障测距方法[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.Li Mingshu.Traveling wave ranging method based on traveling wave dispersion effect[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016(in Chinese).
[23]王艳婷,张保会,范新凯.柔性直流电网架空线路快速保护方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):13-19.Wang Yanting,Zhang Baohui,Fan Xinkai.Fast protection scheme for overhead transmission lines of VSC-based HVDC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):13-19(in Chinese).
[24]梁益,蔡泽祥,田得良,等.直流线路行波保护解析整定方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):298-304.Liang Yi,Cai Zexiang,Tian Deliang,et al.Analytical method for travelling wave protection setting of HVDCtransmission line[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):298-304(in Chinese).
[25]董新洲,刘建政,余学文.输电线路暂态电压行波的故障特征及其小波分析[J].电工技术学报,2001,16(3):57-61.Dong Xinzhou,Liu Jianzhegn,Yu Xuewen.Fault characteristics and wavelets analysis of the transient voltage travelling waves[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2001,16(3):57-61(in Chinese).
[26]董杏丽,葛耀中,董新洲,等.基于小波变换的行波测距式距离保护原理的研究[J].电网技术,2001,25(7):9-13.Dong Xingli,Ge Yaozhong,Dong Xinzhou,et al.Wavelet transform based distance protection scheme with travelling wave fault location[J].Power System Technology,2001,25(7):9-13(in Chinese).
[27]顾垚彬,宋国兵,郭安祥,等.针对直流线路行波保护的雷击识别方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(12):3837-3845.Gu Yaobin,Song Gguobing,Guo Aanxiang,et al.Alightning recognition method for DC line traveling-wave protection of HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(12):3837-3845(in Chinese).
[2]宋国兵,高淑萍,蔡新雷,等.高压直流输电线路继电保护技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):123-129.Song Guobing,Gao Shuping,Cai Xinlei,et al.Survey of relay protection technology for HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):123-129(in Chinese).
[3]Kong Fei,Hao Zhiguo,Zhang Baohui.A novel travelingwave-based main protection scheme for±800kV UHVDCbipolar transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(5):2159-2168.
[4]Xie L H,Jin L J,Wang X L,et al.Improved protection method of HVDC transmission line based on the analysis of traveling wave dispersion[C]//Proceedings of 2014International Conference on Power System Technology.Chengdu:IEEE,2014:467-473.
[5]李德坤,宋国兵,高淑萍,等.VSC-HVDC输电线路单端行波自动化故障定位方法研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):1128-1133.Li Dekun,Song Guobing,Gao Shuping,et al.Study on automatic fault location for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on one-terminal traveling wave[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):1128-1133(in Chinese).
[6]Costa F B,Monti A,Lopes F V,et al.Two-terminal traveling-wave-based transmission-line protection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1382-1393.
[7]孙栩,曹士冬,卜广全,等.架空线柔性直流电网构建方案[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):678-682.Sun Xu,Cao Shidong,Bu Guangquan,et al.Construction scheme of overhead line flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):678-682(in Chinese).
[8]张保会,张嵩,尤敏,等.高压直流线路单端暂态量保护研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):18-23.Zhang Baohui,Zhang Song,You Min,et al.Research on transient-based protection for HVDC lines[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(15):18-23(in Chinese).
[9]张保会,孔飞,张嵩,等.高压直流输电线路单端暂态量保护装置的技术开发[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(4):179-185.Zhang Baohui,Kong Fei,Zhang Song,et al.Technical development of non-unit protection devices based on transient signals for HVDC transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(4):179-185(in Chinese).
[10]Li Zhao,Zou Guibin,Tong Bingbing,et al.Novel traveling wave protection method for high voltage DCtransmission line[C]//Proceedings of 2015 Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Denver:IEEE,2015:1-5.
[11]Wu Jiyang,Li Haifeng,Wang Gang,et al.An improved traveling-wave protection scheme for LCC-HVDCtransmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):106-116.
[12]Luo Shuxin,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing,et al.Anon-unit protection principle based on travelling wave for HVDC transmission lines[C]//Proceedings of the 50th International Universities Power Engineering Conference.Stoke on Trent:IEEE,2015:1-6.
[13]徐敏,蔡泽祥,刘永浩,等.基于宽频信息的高压直流输电线路行波故障测距方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):259-265.Xu Min,Cai Zexiang,Liu Yonghao,et al.A novel fault location method for HVDC transmission line based on the broadband travelling wave information[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):259-265(in Chinese).
[14]覃剑,陈祥训,郑健超.行波在输电线上传播的色散研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):27-30.Qin Jian,Chen Xiangxun,Zheng Jianchao.Study on dispersion of travelling wave in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(9):27-30(in Chinese).
[15]吕延洁,张保会,哈恒旭.基于暂态量超高速线路保护的发展与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(5):56-61.LüYanjie,Zhang Baohui,Ha Hengxu.Development and prospect of ultra-high speed protection for EHVtransmission systems based on fault-generated transients[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(5):56-61(in Chinese).
[16]Vazquez E,Castruita J,Chacon O L,et al.A new approach traveling-wave distance protection-Part I:algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(2):795-800.
[17]束洪春,田鑫萃,安娜.采用实测数据和主成分分析的直流输电线路故障识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):203-209.Shu Hongchun,Tian Xincui,An Na.Fault identification method for DC transmission lines using measured data and principal component analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):203-209(in Chinese).
[18]Yang Qingqing,Le Blond S,Aggarwal R,et al.New ANNmethod for multi-terminal HVDC protection relaying[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2017,148:192-201.
[19]韩昆仑,蔡泽祥,贺智,等.高压直流输电线路故障行波传播特性及其对行波保护的影响[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(21):20-25.Han Kunlun,Cai Zexiang,He Zhi,et al.Propagation characteristic of fault traveling wave on HVDC line and its influence on HVDC line traveling wave protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(21):20-25(in Chinese).
[20]王珺,董新洲,施慎行.考虑参数依频变化特性的辐射状架空配电线路行波传播研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):96-102.Wang Jun,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing.Traveling wave transmission research for overhead lines of radial distribution power systems considering frequency characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):96-102(in Chinese).
[21]Dong Xinzhou,Ge Yaozhong,He Jiali.Surge impedance relay[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):1247-1256.
[22]李明舒.基于行波色散效应的行波故障测距方法[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.Li Mingshu.Traveling wave ranging method based on traveling wave dispersion effect[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016(in Chinese).
[23]王艳婷,张保会,范新凯.柔性直流电网架空线路快速保护方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):13-19.Wang Yanting,Zhang Baohui,Fan Xinkai.Fast protection scheme for overhead transmission lines of VSC-based HVDC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):13-19(in Chinese).
[24]梁益,蔡泽祥,田得良,等.直流线路行波保护解析整定方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):298-304.Liang Yi,Cai Zexiang,Tian Deliang,et al.Analytical method for travelling wave protection setting of HVDCtransmission line[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):298-304(in Chinese).
[25]董新洲,刘建政,余学文.输电线路暂态电压行波的故障特征及其小波分析[J].电工技术学报,2001,16(3):57-61.Dong Xinzhou,Liu Jianzhegn,Yu Xuewen.Fault characteristics and wavelets analysis of the transient voltage travelling waves[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2001,16(3):57-61(in Chinese).
[26]董杏丽,葛耀中,董新洲,等.基于小波变换的行波测距式距离保护原理的研究[J].电网技术,2001,25(7):9-13.Dong Xingli,Ge Yaozhong,Dong Xinzhou,et al.Wavelet transform based distance protection scheme with travelling wave fault location[J].Power System Technology,2001,25(7):9-13(in Chinese).
[27]顾垚彬,宋国兵,郭安祥,等.针对直流线路行波保护的雷击识别方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(12):3837-3845.Gu Yaobin,Song Gguobing,Guo Aanxiang,et al.Alightning recognition method for DC line traveling-wave protection of HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(12):3837-3845(in Chinese).
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