故障行波全波形时–频特性分析
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摘要
基于行波信号的故障检测以故障行波的产生、传输特性和折、反射机理为基础。故障行波是一个宽频带阶跃信号,兼具时域和频域的波形特性。融合故障行波时–频域波形,该文提出基于全波形信息的故障行波表现形式,全面刻画行波的传播过程;深度挖掘故障行波全波形与网络拓扑结构、故障点位置和故障点参数的关联,分析折射和反射过程、传输函数和故障点参数对行波全波形传播造成的影响,对区内各点故障和区内、外故障,行波全波形的相似性和差异性进行了定性分析;运用时–频域波形相关系数实现行波全波形的有效辨识,通过大量PSCAD/EMTDC仿真,总结区内不同故障点,区内、外故障以及不同故障点参数,行波全波形相关系数的变化规律,为基于行波信息的故障检测技术搭建了坚实的理论基础。
Traveling-wave-based fault detection is on the basis of traveling wave transmission characteristic, refraction and reflection mechanism. The fault characteristics of wideband traveling wave under the time-frequency domains were deeply analyzed in this paper. Full-waveform representation of the traveling wave by fusing the characteristics in time-frequency domains was proposed. The relationship between the full-waveform and the topology structure, fault location, transmission characteristics, refraction and reflection process was deeply excavated. And then the correlation and difference of the full-waveform was qualitatively analyzed under different fault locations. On the basis, the full-waveform identification method based on waveform matching technology was presented, which can quantitatively conclude the correlation and difference. The proposed principle was comprehensively used the fault information in the time-frequency domains, which had a clearly physical significance. It forms a new theoretical foundation for the traveling-wave-based fault detection.
Traveling-wave-based fault detection is on the basis of traveling wave transmission characteristic, refraction and reflection mechanism. The fault characteristics of wideband traveling wave under the time-frequency domains were deeply analyzed in this paper. Full-waveform representation of the traveling wave by fusing the characteristics in time-frequency domains was proposed. The relationship between the full-waveform and the topology structure, fault location, transmission characteristics, refraction and reflection process was deeply excavated. And then the correlation and difference of the full-waveform was qualitatively analyzed under different fault locations. On the basis, the full-waveform identification method based on waveform matching technology was presented, which can quantitatively conclude the correlation and difference. The proposed principle was comprehensively used the fault information in the time-frequency domains, which had a clearly physical significance. It forms a new theoretical foundation for the traveling-wave-based fault detection.
引文
[1]Jafarian P,Sanaye-Pasand M.A traveling-wave-based protection technique using wavelet/PCA analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):588-599.
[2]顾垚彬,宋国兵,郭安祥,等.针对直流线路行波保护的雷击识别方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(13):3837-3845.Gu Yaobin,Song Guobing,Guo Anxiang,et al.Alightning recognition method for DC line traveling-wave protection of HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(13):3837-3845(in Chinese).
[3]陈卫,尹项根,陈德树,等.基于补偿电压故障分量的纵联方向保护原理与仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(27):92-97.Chen Wei,Yin Xianggen,Chen Deshu,et al.Principle investigation and simulation of directional protection based on fault component of compensating voltage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(27):92-97(in Chinese).
[4]邓丰,李欣然,曾祥君,等.基于波形唯一和时-频特征匹配的单端行波保护和故障定位方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1475-1487.Deng Feng,Li Xinran,Zeng Xiangjun,et al.Research on single-end traveling wave based protection and fault location method based on waveform uniqueness and feature matching in time and frequency domain[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(5):1475-1487(in Chinese).
[5]刘晓琴,王大志,江雪晨,等.利用行波到达时差关系的配电网故障定位算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(14):4109-4115.Liu Xiaoqing,Wang Dazhi,Jiang Xuechen,et al.Fault location algorithm for distribution power network based on relationship in time difference of arrival of traveling wave[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(14):4109-4115(in Chinese).
[6]Namdari F,Salehi M.High-speed protection scheme based on initial current traveling wave for transmission lines employing mathematical morphology[J].IEEETrans.on Power Delivery.,2017,32(1),246-253.
[7]Deng Feng,Zeng Xiangjun,Li Xinran.Single-ended traveling wave protection algorithm based on full-waveform in the time and frequency domains[J].IETGener.Transm.Distrib.,2018,12(15):3680-3691.
[8]唐金锐,尹项根,张哲.等.零模检测波速度的迭代提取及其在配电网单相接地故障定位中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):202-210.Tang Jinrui,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe.et al.Iterative extraction of detected zero-mode wave velocity and its application in single phase-to-ground fault location in distribution networks[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical society,2013,28(4):202-210(in Chinese).
[9]林圣,李小鹏,陈鉴,等.一种考虑时域特征的单端行波固有频率测距方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(7):243-248.Lin Sheng,Li Xiaopeng,Chen Jian,et al.Single terminal fault location by natural frequencies of travelling wave considering its time-domain characteristics[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(7):243-248(in Chinese).
[10]宋国兵,褚旭,高淑萍,等.利用滤波器支路电流的高压直流输电线路全线速动保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):120-126.Song Guobing,Chu Xu,Gao Shuping,et al.A whole-line quick-action protection principle for HVDC transmission lines using one-end current of DC-filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):120-126(in Chinese).
[11]覃剑,陈祥训,郑健超.行波在输电线上传播的色散研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):28-31,36.Qin Jian,Chen Xiangxun,Zheng Jianchao.Study on dispersion of travelling wave in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(9):28-31,36(in Chinese).
[12]Dommel H.Electro-magnetic transients program(EMTP)theory book[M].Beijing:Hydraulic and Electric Power Press,1990:64-115.
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[14]哈恒旭,张保会,吕志来.边界保护的理论基础第二部分:线路边界的折、反射系数的频谱[J].继电器,2002,30(10):1-5.Ha Hengxu,Zhang Baohui,LüZhilai.The spectrum analysis of fault transient for transmission lines part II:spectrum of reflection and refraction coefficient[J].Relay,2002,30(10):1-5(in Chinese).
[15]徐敏,蔡泽祥,刘永浩,等.基于宽频信息的高压直流输电线路行波故障测距方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,1(28):259-265.Xu Min,Cai Zexiang,Liu Yonghao,et al.A novel fault location method for HVDC transmission line based on the broadband travelling wave information[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,1(28):259-265(in Chinese).
[16]王珺,董新洲,施慎行.考虑参数依频变化特性的辐射状架空配电线路行波传播研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):98-102.Wang Jun,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing.Traveling wave transmission research for overhead lines of radial distribution power systems considering frequency characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):98-102(in Chinese).
[17]Ajinkya Kadu,Tristan van Leeuwen,Wim A Mulder Salt.Reconstruction in full-waveform inversion with a parametric level-set method[J].IEEE Trans.on Computational Imaging,2017,3(2):305-315.
[18]雷傲宇,董新洲,施慎行.一种识别输电线路单相接地故障下第二个反向行波的方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(8):2151-2155.Lei Aoyu,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing.A method to identify the second reverse travelling wave induced by single-phase-to-ground fault in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(8):2151-2155(in Chinese).
[19]张殿生.电力工程高压送电线路设计手册[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2003.Zhang Diansheng.Handbook for design of high voltage transmission lines in electric power engineering[M].2nd Ed.Beijing:China Power Press,2003(in Chinese).
[20]符玲,何正友,麦瑞坤,等.小波熵证据的信息融合在电力系统故障诊断中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(13):64-69.Fu Ling,He Zheng,Mai Ruikun,et al.Information fusion method of entropy evidences and its application to fault diagnosis in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(13):64-69(in Chinese).
[21]郭谋发,刘世丹,杨耿杰.利用时频谱相似度识别的配电线路接地选线方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):183-191.Guo Moufa,Liu Shidan,Yang Gengjie.A novel approach to detect fault lines in distribution network using similarity recognition based on time-frequency spectrum[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):183-191(in Chinese).
[22]贾俊平.统计学[M].6版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.Jia Junping.Statistics[M].6th Ed.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2015(in Chinese).
[2]顾垚彬,宋国兵,郭安祥,等.针对直流线路行波保护的雷击识别方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(13):3837-3845.Gu Yaobin,Song Guobing,Guo Anxiang,et al.Alightning recognition method for DC line traveling-wave protection of HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(13):3837-3845(in Chinese).
[3]陈卫,尹项根,陈德树,等.基于补偿电压故障分量的纵联方向保护原理与仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(27):92-97.Chen Wei,Yin Xianggen,Chen Deshu,et al.Principle investigation and simulation of directional protection based on fault component of compensating voltage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(27):92-97(in Chinese).
[4]邓丰,李欣然,曾祥君,等.基于波形唯一和时-频特征匹配的单端行波保护和故障定位方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1475-1487.Deng Feng,Li Xinran,Zeng Xiangjun,et al.Research on single-end traveling wave based protection and fault location method based on waveform uniqueness and feature matching in time and frequency domain[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(5):1475-1487(in Chinese).
[5]刘晓琴,王大志,江雪晨,等.利用行波到达时差关系的配电网故障定位算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(14):4109-4115.Liu Xiaoqing,Wang Dazhi,Jiang Xuechen,et al.Fault location algorithm for distribution power network based on relationship in time difference of arrival of traveling wave[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(14):4109-4115(in Chinese).
[6]Namdari F,Salehi M.High-speed protection scheme based on initial current traveling wave for transmission lines employing mathematical morphology[J].IEEETrans.on Power Delivery.,2017,32(1),246-253.
[7]Deng Feng,Zeng Xiangjun,Li Xinran.Single-ended traveling wave protection algorithm based on full-waveform in the time and frequency domains[J].IETGener.Transm.Distrib.,2018,12(15):3680-3691.
[8]唐金锐,尹项根,张哲.等.零模检测波速度的迭代提取及其在配电网单相接地故障定位中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):202-210.Tang Jinrui,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe.et al.Iterative extraction of detected zero-mode wave velocity and its application in single phase-to-ground fault location in distribution networks[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical society,2013,28(4):202-210(in Chinese).
[9]林圣,李小鹏,陈鉴,等.一种考虑时域特征的单端行波固有频率测距方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(7):243-248.Lin Sheng,Li Xiaopeng,Chen Jian,et al.Single terminal fault location by natural frequencies of travelling wave considering its time-domain characteristics[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(7):243-248(in Chinese).
[10]宋国兵,褚旭,高淑萍,等.利用滤波器支路电流的高压直流输电线路全线速动保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):120-126.Song Guobing,Chu Xu,Gao Shuping,et al.A whole-line quick-action protection principle for HVDC transmission lines using one-end current of DC-filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):120-126(in Chinese).
[11]覃剑,陈祥训,郑健超.行波在输电线上传播的色散研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):28-31,36.Qin Jian,Chen Xiangxun,Zheng Jianchao.Study on dispersion of travelling wave in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(9):28-31,36(in Chinese).
[12]Dommel H.Electro-magnetic transients program(EMTP)theory book[M].Beijing:Hydraulic and Electric Power Press,1990:64-115.
[13]段建东,张保会,任晋峰,等.超高压输电线路单端暂态量保护元件的频率特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1):37-43.Duan Jiandong,Zhang Baohui,Ren Jinfeng,et al.Single ended transient based protection for EHV transmission lines basic theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(1):37-43(in Chinese).
[14]哈恒旭,张保会,吕志来.边界保护的理论基础第二部分:线路边界的折、反射系数的频谱[J].继电器,2002,30(10):1-5.Ha Hengxu,Zhang Baohui,LüZhilai.The spectrum analysis of fault transient for transmission lines part II:spectrum of reflection and refraction coefficient[J].Relay,2002,30(10):1-5(in Chinese).
[15]徐敏,蔡泽祥,刘永浩,等.基于宽频信息的高压直流输电线路行波故障测距方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,1(28):259-265.Xu Min,Cai Zexiang,Liu Yonghao,et al.A novel fault location method for HVDC transmission line based on the broadband travelling wave information[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,1(28):259-265(in Chinese).
[16]王珺,董新洲,施慎行.考虑参数依频变化特性的辐射状架空配电线路行波传播研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):98-102.Wang Jun,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing.Traveling wave transmission research for overhead lines of radial distribution power systems considering frequency characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):98-102(in Chinese).
[17]Ajinkya Kadu,Tristan van Leeuwen,Wim A Mulder Salt.Reconstruction in full-waveform inversion with a parametric level-set method[J].IEEE Trans.on Computational Imaging,2017,3(2):305-315.
[18]雷傲宇,董新洲,施慎行.一种识别输电线路单相接地故障下第二个反向行波的方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(8):2151-2155.Lei Aoyu,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing.A method to identify the second reverse travelling wave induced by single-phase-to-ground fault in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(8):2151-2155(in Chinese).
[19]张殿生.电力工程高压送电线路设计手册[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2003.Zhang Diansheng.Handbook for design of high voltage transmission lines in electric power engineering[M].2nd Ed.Beijing:China Power Press,2003(in Chinese).
[20]符玲,何正友,麦瑞坤,等.小波熵证据的信息融合在电力系统故障诊断中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(13):64-69.Fu Ling,He Zheng,Mai Ruikun,et al.Information fusion method of entropy evidences and its application to fault diagnosis in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(13):64-69(in Chinese).
[21]郭谋发,刘世丹,杨耿杰.利用时频谱相似度识别的配电线路接地选线方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):183-191.Guo Moufa,Liu Shidan,Yang Gengjie.A novel approach to detect fault lines in distribution network using similarity recognition based on time-frequency spectrum[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):183-191(in Chinese).
[22]贾俊平.统计学[M].6版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.Jia Junping.Statistics[M].6th Ed.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2015(in Chinese).
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