风力发电机组防雷技术进展综述
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摘要
到2017年,全球风电装机容量已经达到5.39亿kW,中国风电装机容量已经达到1.88亿kW,位居世界第一。雷电是造成风力发电机损坏的最主要的自然灾害之一。通过对风机雷击损坏案例的统计分析,发现风机桨叶损坏约占总数的20%～28%,机电控制系统约占70.5%～71%。完整介绍了传统的风机防雷技术措施,主要包括安装接闪器、接地、等电位连接、安装电涌保护器(surge protective device,SPD)、屏蔽等。指出了风机防雷设计施工中存在的主要问题,如闪电通道与风机连接的规律尚未完全掌握、风机内部电子电气系统所受自然闪电感应电流的特征与实验室内使用的测试冲击电流存在较大差别。风机雷电试验结果表明,风机钢制塔筒对雷电低频部分的屏蔽效果较好,双绞敷设方式可有效减小对雷电能量的耦合。建议通过开展风机在自然闪电条件下的科学试验来研究风机防雷的基础性问题,从而有效提高风机防雷的技术水平。
By the end of 2017, the total installed wind power capacity reaches 5.39×108 kW over the world and it reaches 1.88×108 kW in China, occupying the first place in the world. Lightning is one of the most serious natural disasters damaging wind turbines. This paper analyzes the law of wind turbine lightning stroke through the statistics of wind turbine lightning disaster cases. In all cases of wind turbine damage caused by lightning, blade damage comprises about 20%～28% of the total and electrical and electronic system damage is about 70.5%～71%. This paper presents the traditional lightning protection technology for wind turbines completely, including air-termination system, earthing system, equipotential connection, surge protective device, shielding, etc. The paper points out the main problems in design and construction of lightning protection of wind turbines. For example, the rules of lightning channel connection with wind turbine are not yet fully mastered. The characteristics of the current induced by natural lightning in the electronic and electrical systems inside wind turbines are very different from those of the impulse current used in laboratory tests. The results of lightning test of wind turbine show that the steel tower of wind turbine has goodshielding effects on the low-frequency components of lightning electromagnetic pulse. Twisted-pair laying can reduce the coupling degree to lightning energy effectively. This paper suggests to study the fundamental problems of lightning protection for wind turbines with scientific experiments under conditions of natural lightning, to improve the lightning protection level for wind turbines radically.
By the end of 2017, the total installed wind power capacity reaches 5.39×108 kW over the world and it reaches 1.88×108 kW in China, occupying the first place in the world. Lightning is one of the most serious natural disasters damaging wind turbines. This paper analyzes the law of wind turbine lightning stroke through the statistics of wind turbine lightning disaster cases. In all cases of wind turbine damage caused by lightning, blade damage comprises about 20%～28% of the total and electrical and electronic system damage is about 70.5%～71%. This paper presents the traditional lightning protection technology for wind turbines completely, including air-termination system, earthing system, equipotential connection, surge protective device, shielding, etc. The paper points out the main problems in design and construction of lightning protection of wind turbines. For example, the rules of lightning channel connection with wind turbine are not yet fully mastered. The characteristics of the current induced by natural lightning in the electronic and electrical systems inside wind turbines are very different from those of the impulse current used in laboratory tests. The results of lightning test of wind turbine show that the steel tower of wind turbine has goodshielding effects on the low-frequency components of lightning electromagnetic pulse. Twisted-pair laying can reduce the coupling degree to lightning energy effectively. This paper suggests to study the fundamental problems of lightning protection for wind turbines with scientific experiments under conditions of natural lightning, to improve the lightning protection level for wind turbines radically.
引文
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