基于数字孪生的复杂产品设计制造一体化开发框架与关键技术
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摘要
数字孪生是实现物理信息深度融合的一个重要抓手,复杂产品设计和制造信息物理融合是其中最重要的环节,为最终智能制造的落地提供了有效途径。当前,针对数字孪生技术的研究与应用主要集中在车间运行和产品运维等方面,而将数字孪生技术应用于复杂产品设计与制造融合的研究较少。产品设计是智能制造的第一个环节,也是产生数字孪生体的第一个环节,研究基于数字孪生的复杂产品设计制造一体化开发对实现后续的智能加工、装配和运维等具有重要影响。为此,分析了基于数字孪生的复杂产品设计制造一体化开发内涵,提出了基于数字孪生的复杂产品环形设计框架;基于所提出的框架,从需求分析、概念设计、个性化配置设计、虚拟样机、多学科融合设计和数据管理等方面,探索了基于数字孪生的复杂产品设计制造一体化开发中的关键技术;通过两个典型应用案例,展示了数字孪生关键技术在复杂产品设计制造一体化开发中的应用场景。
Digital twin acts as a crucial enabler integrating information space and physical world,in which the integration of complex product design-manufacturing is one of the key phases that facilities the application of intelligent manufacturing.However,current studies of digital twin technologies focus on the workshop operation and product maintenance,few efforts have been devoted to researching the capability of digital twin for the integration of complex product design-manufacturing.While there are various stages involved in realizing intelligent manufacturing,the most significant stage is the designing of the product,which is also the beginning of specifying digital twin as it impacts subsequent intelligent machining,assembly,operation and maintenance.Therefore,connation of complex product design-manufacturing integration based on digital twin was explored,and a ring-shape framework for digital twin-based complex product design and manufacturing was proposed.According to the framework,key techniques of digital twin-based complex product design and manufacturing were researched from the requirement,conceptual design,personalized configuration,virtual prototyping,multidisciplinary design,and data management perspectives.Two case studies were provided to exhibit application scenario of key digital twin techniques for complex product design and manufacturing integration.
Digital twin acts as a crucial enabler integrating information space and physical world,in which the integration of complex product design-manufacturing is one of the key phases that facilities the application of intelligent manufacturing.However,current studies of digital twin technologies focus on the workshop operation and product maintenance,few efforts have been devoted to researching the capability of digital twin for the integration of complex product design-manufacturing.While there are various stages involved in realizing intelligent manufacturing,the most significant stage is the designing of the product,which is also the beginning of specifying digital twin as it impacts subsequent intelligent machining,assembly,operation and maintenance.Therefore,connation of complex product design-manufacturing integration based on digital twin was explored,and a ring-shape framework for digital twin-based complex product design and manufacturing was proposed.According to the framework,key techniques of digital twin-based complex product design and manufacturing were researched from the requirement,conceptual design,personalized configuration,virtual prototyping,multidisciplinary design,and data management perspectives.Two case studies were provided to exhibit application scenario of key digital twin techniques for complex product design and manufacturing integration.
引文
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[11]PAHL G.et al.Engineeing design:a systematic approach[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2007.
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[13]SUHN P.Axiomatic design theory for systems[J].Research in Engineering Design,1998,10(4):189-209.
[14]AKAO Y,MAZUR G H.The leading edge in QFD:past,present and future[J].International Journal of Quality&Reliability Management,2003,20(1):20-35.
[15]GRIEVES M.Virtually perfect:driving innovative and lean products through product lifecycle management[M].Ann Arobr,Mich.,USA:NCMS,2011.
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[17]TAO F,SUI F,LIU A,et al.Digital twin-driven product design framework[J].International Journal of Production Research,2018.DOI:10.1080/00207543.2018.1443229.
[18]TAO F,CHENG J,QI Q,et al.Digital twin-driven product design,manufacturing and service with big data[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2018,94(9/10/11/12):3563-3576.
[19]VICTOR Singh,WILLCOX K E.Engineering design with digital thread[J].AIAA Journal,2018,56(11):4515-4528.
[20]HELU M,JOSEPH A,HEDBERG J T.A standards-based approach for linking as-planned to as-fabricated product data[J].CIRP Annals,2018,67(1):487-490.
[21]SOBIESZCZANSKI S J,HAFTKA R T.Multidisciplinary aerospace design optimization:survey of recent developments[J].Structural Optimization,1997,14(1):1-23.
[22]GIESING J,BARTHELEMY J M.A summary of industry MDO applications and needs,an AIAA white paper[C]//Proceedings of the 7th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,1998:2-4.
[23]DUDLEY J.Multidisciplinary optimization of the high-speed civil transport[C]//Proceedings of the 33rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,1995:95-124.
[24]AGTE J,DE W O,SOBIESZCZANSKI S J,et al.MDO:assessment and direction for advancement-an opinion of one international group[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2010,40(1/2/3/4/5/6):17-33.
[25]PAN Shangneng,LUO Jianqiao.Aerodynamic design technology in multidisciplinary optimization for turbine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(3):635-643(in Chinese).[潘尚能,罗建桥.涡轮多学科优化中的气动设计技术探讨[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(3):635-643.]
[26]SUN Yadong,ZHANG Xu,NING Ruxin,et al.Integrated modeling method oriented to multi-disciplinary collaborative development domain[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(3):449-460(in Chinese).[孙亚东,张旭,宁汝新,等.面向多学科协同开发领域的集成建模方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(3):449-460.]
[27]LIU Chengwu,LI Liansheng,QIAN Linfang.SequentialMultidisciplinary reliability design and optimization based on approximate sensitivity method under random and interval uncertainties[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(21):174-184(in Chinese).[刘成武,李连升,钱林方.随机与区间不确定下基于近似灵敏度的序列多学科可靠性设计优化[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(21):174-184.]
[28]YU Biqiang,YANG Xiaonan,LI Wei.Research on multidisciplinary stochastic search optimization method based on Isight[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2019,25(3):743-751(in Chinese).[俞必强,杨晓楠,李威.基于Isight的多学科随机搜索优化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2019,25(3):743-751.]
[29]AROMAA S,VAANANEN K.Suitability of virtual prototypes to support human factors/ergonomics evaluation during the design[J].Applied ergonomics,2016,56:11-18.
[30]LI Z,YAN X,YUAN C,et al.Virtual prototype and experimental research on gear multi-fault diagnosis using waveletautoregressive model and principal component analysis method[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2011,25(7):2589-2607.
[31]JOHNSTON B,BULBUL T,BELIVEAU Y,et al.An assessment of pictographic instructions derived from a virtual prototype to support construction assembly procedures[J].Automation in Construction,2016,64:36-53.
[32]XIONG Guangleng,LI Bohu,CHAI Xudong.Virtual prototyping technology[J].Journal of System Simulation,2001(1):114-117(in Chinese).[熊光楞,李伯虎,柴旭东.虚拟样机技术[J].系统仿真学报,2001(1):114-117.]
[33]FAN Wenhui,XIAO Tianyuan,GUO Bin.Study on HLA/DEVS-based distributed simulation of integrated logistical supporting system[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(2),299-303(in Chinese).[范文慧,肖田元,郭斌.基于HLA和DEVS的综合保障分布式仿真的研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2),299-303.]
[34]LI Bohu,CHAI Xudong,et al.Preliminary study of modeling and simulation technology oriented to new-type artificial intelligent systems[J].Journal of System Simulation,2018,30(2):349-362(in Chinese).[李伯虎,柴旭东,等.面向新型人工智能系统的建模与仿真技术初步研究[J].系统仿真学报,2018,30(2):349-362.]
[35]GARBADE R,DOLEZAL W R.DMU@Airbus-evolution of the digital mock-up(DMU)at Airbus to the centre of aircraft development[C]//Proceedings of the 17th CIRP Design Conference.Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2007:3-12.
[36]FUKUDA S,LULIC Z,STJEPANDIC J.FDMU-functional spatial experience beyond DMU?[C]//Proceedings of the20th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering.Clifton,Va.,USA:IOS Press,2013:431-440.
[37]MAS F,MENENDEZ J L,OLIVA M,et al.Collaborative engineering:an airbus case study[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,63:336-345.
[38]DAI Sheng,ZHAO Gang,YU Yong,et al.Trend of digital product definition:from mock-up to twin[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2018,30(8):1554-1562(in Chinese).[戴晟,赵罡,于勇,等.数字化产品定义发展趋势:从样机到孪生[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2018,30(8):1554-1562.]
[2]LI Hao,JI Yangjian,CHEN Liang,et al.Bi-level coordinated configuration optimization for product-service system modular design[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics:Systems,2017,47(3):537-554.
[3]ZHUANG Cunbo,LIU Jianhua,XIONG Hui,et al.Connotation,architecture and trends of product digital twin[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2017,23(4):753-768(in Chinese).[庄存波,刘检华,熊辉,等.产品数字孪生体的内涵、体系结构及其发展趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(4):753-768.]
[4]ZHANG Xinsheng.Design and implementation of workshop management and control system based on digital twins[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2018:6-10(in Chinese).[张新生.基于数字孪生的车间管控系统的设计与实现[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018:6-10.]
[5]GLAESSGEN E H,STARGEL D.The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and US air force vehicles[C]//Proceedings of the 53rd Structures,Dynamics and Materials Conference.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,2012:1-14.
[6]TAO Fei,ZHANG Meng,CHENG Jiangfeng,et al.Digital twin workshop:a new paradigm for future workshop[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2017,23(1):1-9(in Chinese).[陶飞,张萌,程江峰,戚庆林.数字孪生车间---一种未来车间运行新模式[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(1):1-9.]
[7]TUEGEL E J.The airframe digital twin:some challenges to realization[C]//Proceedings of the 53rd AIAA/ASME/AHS/ASC Structures,Dynamics and Materials Conference.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,2012:1812
[8]TUEGELE J,INGRAFFEA A R,EASON T G,et al.Reengineering aircraft structural life prediction using a digital twin[J].International Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2011,DOI:10.1155/2011/154798.
[9]LI Hao,JI Yangjian,LUO Guofu,MI Shanghua.A modular structure data modeling method for generalized product[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.2016,84(1/2/3/4):197-212.
[10]ULRICHK T,EPPINGER S D.Product design and development[M].New York,N.Y.,USA:McGraw Hill Higher Education,2016.
[11]PAHL G.et al.Engineeing design:a systematic approach[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2007.
[12]TERNINKO J,ZUSMAN A,ZLOTIN B.Systematic innovation:an introduction to TRIZ(theory of inventive problem solving)[M].Boca Raton,Fla.,USA:CRC Press,1998.
[13]SUHN P.Axiomatic design theory for systems[J].Research in Engineering Design,1998,10(4):189-209.
[14]AKAO Y,MAZUR G H.The leading edge in QFD:past,present and future[J].International Journal of Quality&Reliability Management,2003,20(1):20-35.
[15]GRIEVES M.Virtually perfect:driving innovative and lean products through product lifecycle management[M].Ann Arobr,Mich.,USA:NCMS,2011.
[16]GRIEVES M.Digital twin:manufacturing excellence through virtual factory replication[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.apriso.com/library/Whitepaper_Dr_Grieves_DigitalTwin_ManufacturingExcellence.php.2014.
[17]TAO F,SUI F,LIU A,et al.Digital twin-driven product design framework[J].International Journal of Production Research,2018.DOI:10.1080/00207543.2018.1443229.
[18]TAO F,CHENG J,QI Q,et al.Digital twin-driven product design,manufacturing and service with big data[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2018,94(9/10/11/12):3563-3576.
[19]VICTOR Singh,WILLCOX K E.Engineering design with digital thread[J].AIAA Journal,2018,56(11):4515-4528.
[20]HELU M,JOSEPH A,HEDBERG J T.A standards-based approach for linking as-planned to as-fabricated product data[J].CIRP Annals,2018,67(1):487-490.
[21]SOBIESZCZANSKI S J,HAFTKA R T.Multidisciplinary aerospace design optimization:survey of recent developments[J].Structural Optimization,1997,14(1):1-23.
[22]GIESING J,BARTHELEMY J M.A summary of industry MDO applications and needs,an AIAA white paper[C]//Proceedings of the 7th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,1998:2-4.
[23]DUDLEY J.Multidisciplinary optimization of the high-speed civil transport[C]//Proceedings of the 33rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,1995:95-124.
[24]AGTE J,DE W O,SOBIESZCZANSKI S J,et al.MDO:assessment and direction for advancement-an opinion of one international group[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2010,40(1/2/3/4/5/6):17-33.
[25]PAN Shangneng,LUO Jianqiao.Aerodynamic design technology in multidisciplinary optimization for turbine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(3):635-643(in Chinese).[潘尚能,罗建桥.涡轮多学科优化中的气动设计技术探讨[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(3):635-643.]
[26]SUN Yadong,ZHANG Xu,NING Ruxin,et al.Integrated modeling method oriented to multi-disciplinary collaborative development domain[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(3):449-460(in Chinese).[孙亚东,张旭,宁汝新,等.面向多学科协同开发领域的集成建模方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(3):449-460.]
[27]LIU Chengwu,LI Liansheng,QIAN Linfang.SequentialMultidisciplinary reliability design and optimization based on approximate sensitivity method under random and interval uncertainties[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(21):174-184(in Chinese).[刘成武,李连升,钱林方.随机与区间不确定下基于近似灵敏度的序列多学科可靠性设计优化[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(21):174-184.]
[28]YU Biqiang,YANG Xiaonan,LI Wei.Research on multidisciplinary stochastic search optimization method based on Isight[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2019,25(3):743-751(in Chinese).[俞必强,杨晓楠,李威.基于Isight的多学科随机搜索优化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2019,25(3):743-751.]
[29]AROMAA S,VAANANEN K.Suitability of virtual prototypes to support human factors/ergonomics evaluation during the design[J].Applied ergonomics,2016,56:11-18.
[30]LI Z,YAN X,YUAN C,et al.Virtual prototype and experimental research on gear multi-fault diagnosis using waveletautoregressive model and principal component analysis method[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2011,25(7):2589-2607.
[31]JOHNSTON B,BULBUL T,BELIVEAU Y,et al.An assessment of pictographic instructions derived from a virtual prototype to support construction assembly procedures[J].Automation in Construction,2016,64:36-53.
[32]XIONG Guangleng,LI Bohu,CHAI Xudong.Virtual prototyping technology[J].Journal of System Simulation,2001(1):114-117(in Chinese).[熊光楞,李伯虎,柴旭东.虚拟样机技术[J].系统仿真学报,2001(1):114-117.]
[33]FAN Wenhui,XIAO Tianyuan,GUO Bin.Study on HLA/DEVS-based distributed simulation of integrated logistical supporting system[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(2),299-303(in Chinese).[范文慧,肖田元,郭斌.基于HLA和DEVS的综合保障分布式仿真的研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2),299-303.]
[34]LI Bohu,CHAI Xudong,et al.Preliminary study of modeling and simulation technology oriented to new-type artificial intelligent systems[J].Journal of System Simulation,2018,30(2):349-362(in Chinese).[李伯虎,柴旭东,等.面向新型人工智能系统的建模与仿真技术初步研究[J].系统仿真学报,2018,30(2):349-362.]
[35]GARBADE R,DOLEZAL W R.DMU@Airbus-evolution of the digital mock-up(DMU)at Airbus to the centre of aircraft development[C]//Proceedings of the 17th CIRP Design Conference.Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2007:3-12.
[36]FUKUDA S,LULIC Z,STJEPANDIC J.FDMU-functional spatial experience beyond DMU?[C]//Proceedings of the20th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering.Clifton,Va.,USA:IOS Press,2013:431-440.
[37]MAS F,MENENDEZ J L,OLIVA M,et al.Collaborative engineering:an airbus case study[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,63:336-345.
[38]DAI Sheng,ZHAO Gang,YU Yong,et al.Trend of digital product definition:from mock-up to twin[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2018,30(8):1554-1562(in Chinese).[戴晟,赵罡,于勇,等.数字化产品定义发展趋势:从样机到孪生[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2018,30(8):1554-1562.]
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