不同毛白杨无性系林分蓄积量的长期水氮耦合效应
|
摘要
【目的】研究不同田间持水量和纯氮施用量对毛白杨人工林单位面积上林分蓄积量的影响,确定毛白杨无性系最佳水氮组合方案。【方法】采用裂区试验设计在河北威县林地研究不同水氮耦合处理对不同无性系(BT17,B331,S86,1316)毛白杨林分蓄积量影响。【结果】1)无性系在不同纯氮施用量和田间持水量灌溉条件下单位面积上林分生长量有差异,S86无性系对高水肥处理响应较好,1316无性系响应较差。2)对杨树人工林进行水分灌溉管理措施时,应该设置田间持水量75%以上作为灌溉临界值同时灌溉临界值应考虑造林地区的环境条件、造林密度、林龄等因素。3)杨树人工林单位面积上纯氮施肥量范围是在100～400 kg·hm~(-2),且施肥量应当根据实验地区肥力等级状况进行酌量加减。【结论】在河北威县S86无性系是在田间持水量75%以上和每株施氮量160 g的管理措施下能实现速生丰产的毛白杨无性系,建议在相近地区进行杨树人工林速生丰产林培育时候优先考虑。
【Objective】 In Wei County nursery of Hebei province, we applied different irrigation and nitrogen addition treatments to study the long-term water-nitrogen coupling effect on stand volume of Populus tomentosa. 【Method】 A split plot experiment design was used to study effects of different water-nitrogen coupling treatments in forest land on stand volume of different clones of P. tomentosa.【Result】 Results showed that: 1) different irrigation and nitrogen application had significantly different effects on stand volume of different clones. Clone S86 had better response mechanism under high water and fertilizer treatment, but it was opposite to clone 1316. 2) during irrigation to poplar plantation, the field capacity of more than 75% should be set as the critical value of irrigation, and the afforestation region of the environmental conditions, such as planting density, forests age and other factors, should be taken into account. 3) It is suggested that the range of nitrogen fertilizer to poplar plantation should be between 100 kg·hm~(-2) to 400 kg·hm~(-2), and the amount of fertilization should be adjusted to the fertility level in the experiment area. 【Conclusion】 Through the comparative study, clone S86 is suitable for the experimental design in the area with field capacity of 75% and nitrogen application rate of 160 g per tree as a fast-growing among the 4 clones(BT17, B331, S86,1316). We suggest that the cultivation of fast-growing and high-yielding poplar plantations in the near areas should be given priority. The results provide scientific theoretical basis for directional cultivation of Populus tomentosa plantation, and put forward a scientific and reasonable variety(line) selection criteria with high-quality, fast-growing and high-yield.
【Objective】 In Wei County nursery of Hebei province, we applied different irrigation and nitrogen addition treatments to study the long-term water-nitrogen coupling effect on stand volume of Populus tomentosa. 【Method】 A split plot experiment design was used to study effects of different water-nitrogen coupling treatments in forest land on stand volume of different clones of P. tomentosa.【Result】 Results showed that: 1) different irrigation and nitrogen application had significantly different effects on stand volume of different clones. Clone S86 had better response mechanism under high water and fertilizer treatment, but it was opposite to clone 1316. 2) during irrigation to poplar plantation, the field capacity of more than 75% should be set as the critical value of irrigation, and the afforestation region of the environmental conditions, such as planting density, forests age and other factors, should be taken into account. 3) It is suggested that the range of nitrogen fertilizer to poplar plantation should be between 100 kg·hm~(-2) to 400 kg·hm~(-2), and the amount of fertilization should be adjusted to the fertility level in the experiment area. 【Conclusion】 Through the comparative study, clone S86 is suitable for the experimental design in the area with field capacity of 75% and nitrogen application rate of 160 g per tree as a fast-growing among the 4 clones(BT17, B331, S86,1316). We suggest that the cultivation of fast-growing and high-yielding poplar plantations in the near areas should be given priority. The results provide scientific theoretical basis for directional cultivation of Populus tomentosa plantation, and put forward a scientific and reasonable variety(line) selection criteria with high-quality, fast-growing and high-yield.
引文
鲍甫成,熊满珍.2005.我国木材及林产品供需平衡研究.林产工业,32 (5):3-5.(Bao F C,Xiong M Z.2005.A study on the balance of supply and demand for woods and forest products in China.Forestry Industry,32(5):3-5.[in Chinese])
陈宏玲,罗治建,蔡池全,等.2006.杨树平衡施肥效应研究.湖北林业科技,(6):15-17.(Chen H L,Luo Z J,Cai C Q,et al.2006.The effects of balanced fertilization of Poplar.Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,(6):15-17.[in Chinese])
董雯怡,赵燕,张志毅,等.2010.水肥耦合效应对毛白杨苗木生物量的影响.应用生态学报,21 (9):2194-2200.(Dong W Y,Zhao Y,Zhang Z Y,et al.2010.Coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the biomass of Populus tomentosa seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(9):2194-2200.[in Chinese])
方升佐.2008.中国杨树人工林培育技术研究进展.应用生态学报,19(10):2308-2316(Fang S Z.2008.Silviculture of poplar plantation in China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,19(10):2308-2316.[in Chinese])
郭惠清,田有亮.1998.杨幼树水分生理指标和光合强度与土壤含水量关系的研究.干旱区资源与环境,12(2):101-106.(Guo H Q,Tian Y L.1998.Relationship of a new physiologic indexes and soil water contents for poplar seedlings.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,12(2):101-106.[in Chinese])
何应同,王少元,郑红波,等.1998.杨树不同土壤立地条件施肥效应研究.湖北林业科技,(3):5-12.(He Y T,Wang S Y,Zheng H B,et al.1998.Study on fertilization effect of poplar under different soil site conditions.Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,(3):5-12.[in Chinese])
贾黎明,邢长山,李景锐,等.2005.地下滴灌条件下杨树速生丰产林生产力及效益分析.北京林业大学学报,27 (6):43-49.(Jia L M,Xing C S,Li J R,et al.2005.Productivity and benefit analysis of fast-growing and high-yield plantations of poplar under subsurface drip irrigation.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,27(6):43-49.[in Chinese])
姜岳忠,吴哓星,马玲.2004.毛白杨苗期生长特性及需肥量研究.甘肃农业大学学报,39 (4):423-426.(Jiang Y Z,Wu X X,Ma L,et al.2004.Study on seedling growth characteristics and fertilizer requirement of 2004 Populus tomentosa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,39 (4):423-426.[in Chinese])
李爱民,赵玉萍,张英,等.2005.2个毛白杨无性系生长差异性分析.甘肃林业科技,30(2):25-28.(Li A M,Zhao Y P,Zhang Y,et al.2005.Difference analysis of 2 clones of Populus.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,30(2):25-28.[in Chinese])
刘寿坡,朱占学,张瑛,等.1988.毛白杨人工林施肥效应的初步研究.土壤通报,(5):219-222.(Liu S P,Zhu Z X,Zhang Y,et al.1988.Preliminary study on fertilization effect of Populus tomentosa plantation.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,(5):219-222.[in Chinese])
任忠秀,聂立水,张强,等.2011.水氮耦合下毛白杨无性系材积生长规律及品种选择.中南林业科技大学学报,31 (8):187-193.(Ren Z X,Nie L S,Zhang Q,et al.2012.Coupling effects of water and nitrogen on the stand volume and economic benefit of Populus tomentosa clone plantations.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,31(8):187-193.[in Chinese])
孙兆地,聂立水,辛颖,等.2012.水氮耦合效应对三倍体毛白杨林木生长状况的影响.土壤通报,43(4):896-902(Sun Z D,Nie L S,Xin Y,et al.2012.The influence of coupling effect of water and nitrogen on the growth of triploid Populus tomentosa.Soil Science,43 (4):896-902.[in Chinese])
田赟,王海燕,孙向阳,等.2009.三倍体毛白杨人工林施肥与营养诊断研究进展.西北林学院学报,24 (6):83-87(Tian Y,Wang H Y,Sun X Y,et al.2009.Advances in the study of fertilization and nutrient diagnosis of triploid Populus tomentosa Plantation.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,24 (6):83-87.[in Chinese])
王力,侯庆春.2000.林地施肥与水肥效益.西北林学院学报,15(2):84-88.(Wang L,Hou Q C.2000.Fertilizing of wood land and water fertilizer efficiency.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,15(2):84-88.[in Chinese])
王文全,贾玉彬,李惠卓,等.2000.毛白杨幼林灌溉效应及其特点分析.南京林业大学学报,24(1):17-22.(Wang W Q,Jia Y B,Li H Z,et al.2000.The analysis of the irrigation effect and its character in young plantation of Populus tomentosa.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,24 (1):17-22.[in Chinese])
王文全,李秀江,贾玉彬,等.2001.沙地毛白杨速生丰产林节水灌溉的研究.河北农业大学学报,24 (1):33-37.(Wang W Q,Li X J,Jia Y B,et al.2001.Study on Populus tomentosa plantation of water-saving irrigation.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,24 (1):33-37.[in Chinese])
王文全,张立军,李炜波,等.1997.毛白杨幼林节水灌溉效益分析.河北林果研究,12 (3):284-289.(Wang W Q,Zhang L J,Li W B,et al.1997.Analysis of the benefit of water saving irrigation in young plantation of Populus tomentosa.Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research,12 (3):284-289.[in Chinese])
王文全.1993.毛白杨光合作用与土壤水分关系研究.河北林学院学报,8 (3):185-189.(Wang W Q.1993.Study on the relationship between photosynthesis and soil water content of Populus tomentosa.Journal of Hebei Forestry College,8 (3):185-189.[in Chinese])
吴惠仙,唐新民,文二华.2000.施肥对杨树后期生长及养分的影响.中南林业调查规划,19(3):61-62.(Wu H X,Tang X M,Wen E H.2000.Effect of fertilization on growth and nutrient of poplar in the late.Central South Forestry Investigation and Planning,19 (3):61-62.[in Chinese])
许兴华,李霞,孟宪伟,等.2006.毛白杨优良无性系选育研究.山东林业科技,(2):30-32.(Xu X H,Li X,Meng X W,et al.2006.Study on breeding of fine clones of Populus tomentosa.Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,(2):30-32.[in Chinese])
杨玉梅.2016.胶合木及其在工程中的应用.林产工业,43(2):40-42.(Yang Y M.2016.Glued wood and its application in engineering.Forest Products Industry,43 (2):40-42.[in Chinese]).
尹伟伦.2005.中国杨树栽培与利用研究.北京:中国林业出版社(Yin W L.2005.Researches on cultivation and utilization of poplar in China.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House.[in Chinese])
赵立新,荆家海,王韶唐.1991.旱地冬小麦施肥效应研究.干旱地区农业研究,(4):46-52.(Zhao L X,Jing J H,Wang S T.1991.Study on fertilization effects of winter wheat in arid land.Agricultural Research in Arid Area,(4):46-52.[in Chinese])
赵天锡,陈章水.1994.中国杨树集约栽培.北京:中国科学技术出版社.(Zhao T X,Chen Z S,1994.The poplar intensive cultivation in China.Beijing:China Science & Technology Press.[in Chinese])
赵燕,董雯怡,张志毅,等.2010.施肥对毛白杨杂种无性系幼苗生长和光合的影响.林业科学,46(4):70-76.(Zhao Y,Dong W Y,Zhang Z Y,et al.2010.Effect of fertilization on growth and photosynthesis of hybrid clones of Populus tomentosa.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,46 (4):70-76.[in Chinese])
郑世锴.2006.杨树高产种植技术.北京:金盾出版社.(Zheng S K.2006.High yield cultivation of poplar.Beijing:Golden Shield Press.[in Chinese])
钟家珍,陈永新.1989.意大利杨树林地施肥试验研究.湖北林业科技,(2):l-6.(Zhong J Z,Chen Y X.1989.Experimental study on fertilization of poplar forest in Italy.Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,(2):1-6.[in Chinese])
Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X H.2003.Effects of nitrogen rate,irrigation rate,and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency.Agronomy Journal,95(6):1475-1482.
Aujla M S,Thind H S,Buttar G S,et al.2007.Fruit yield and water use efficiency of eggplant (Solanum melongema L.) as influenced by different quantities of nitrogen and water applied through drip and furrow irrigation.Scientia Horticulture,112 (2):142-148.
Bisoffi S,Minotta G,Paris P.2008.Forest plantations and farm forestry in Italy:directions for cultivations and valorizations//Proceedings of the III “Silvicultural National Congress”.Taormina (ME-Italy),16-19 October 2008,729-736 [in Italian].
Cain K C,Lange N T.1984.Approximate case influence for the proportional hazards regression model with censored data.Biometrics,40(2):493-499.
Covarelli L,Beccari G,Tosi L,et al.2013.Three-year investigations on leaf rust of poplar cultivated for biomass production in Umbria,central Italy.Biomass Bioenergy,49:315-322.
Dichio B,Xiloyannis C,Sofo A,et al.2007.Effects of post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation on carbohydrate and nitrogen partitioning,yield quality and vegetative growth of peach trees.Plant and Soil,290 (1):127-137.
Dong W Y,Qin J,Li J Y,et al.2011.Interactions between soil water content and fertilizer on growth characteristics and biomass yield of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) seedlings.Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,57(2):303-312.
Fisher R F.1980.Response of semimature slash and loblolly pine plantations to fertilizations with nitrogen and phosphorous.Soil Sci Soc Am J,44 (4):850-854.
Fortier J,Gagnon D,Truax B,et al.2010.Biomass and volume yield after 6 years in multiclonal hybrid poplar riparian buffer strips.Biomass Bioenergy,34(7):1028-1040.
Heilman P E,Xie F G.1994.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on leaf area light interception,and productivity of short-rotation Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides hybrids.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,24(1):166-173.
Hook D D,Debell D S,Ager A,et al.1990.Dry weight partitioning among 36 open-pollinated red alder families.Biomass,21(1):11-25.
Navarro G Facciotto,Campi P,Mastrorilli M,et al.2014.Physiological adaptations of five poplar genotypes grown under SRC in the semi-arid Mediterranean environment.Trees,28(4):983-994.
Nielsen U B,Madsen P,Hansen J K,et al.2014.Production potential of 36 poplar clones grown at medium length rotation in Denmark.Biomass & Bioenergy,64 (3):99-109.
Orlovic S S,Pajevic S P,Krstic B D,et al.2002.Selection of black poplars for water use efficiency.Matica Srpska Proceedings for Natural Sciencs,(102):45-51.
Pannacci E,Bartolini S,Covarelli G,et al.2009.Evaluation of four poplar clones in a short rotation forestry in Central Italy.Italian Journal of Agronomy,4(4):191-198.
Richard A McLaugh lin,Edward A Hansen,Phillip E Pope.1987.POPE biomass and nitrogen dynamics in an irrigated hybrid poplar plantation.Forest Ecology and Management,18 (3):169-188.
Rushforth,Keith.1999.Trees of Britain and Europe.London:Harper Collins Publishers.
Shock C C,Feibert E B C,Seddigh M,et al.2002.Water requirement sand growth of irrigated hybrid poplar in a semi-arid environment in eastern Oregon.West J Appl For,(17):46-53.
Smethurst P,Baillie C,Cherry M,et al.2003.Fertilizer effects on LAI and growth of four Eucalyptus nitens plantations.Forest Ecology & Management,176 (1):531-542.
Stettler R F,Bradshaw H D,Heilman P E,et al.Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation.Ottawa:NRC Research Press,National Research Council of Canada.ISBN 9780660165066.
Swamy S L,Mishra A,Puri S,et al.2006.Comparison of growth,biomass and nutrient distribution in five promising clones of Populus deltoides under an agrisilviculture system.Bioresource Technology,97(1):57-68.
Truax B,Gagnon D,Fortier J,et al.2014.Biomass and volume yield in mature hybrid poplar plantations on temperate abandoned farmland.Forests,5(12):3107-3130.
Voltas J,Serrano L,Hernandez M,et al.2006.Carbon is otope discrimination,gas exchange and stem growth of four Euramerican hybrid poplars under different watering regimes.New Forests,31 (4):35-51.
Xi B Y,Li G D,Bloomberg M,et al.2014.The effects of subsurface irrigation at different soil water potential thresholds on the growth and transpiration of Populus tomentosa in the North China Plain.Australian Forestry,77 (3/4):159-167.
Xi B Y,Bloomberg M,Watt M,et al.2016.Modeling growth response to soil water availability simulated by HYDRUS for a mature triploid Populus tomentosa plantation located on the North China Plain.Agricultural Water Management,176:243-254.
Yadav R S,Sharwa R K,Pandey U K.1998.Effect of various water potential treatment on nitrate reduce activity in wheat genotypes.Agricultural Science Digest,(18):73-75.
Zoble B J,Buijtenen J P.1989.Wood variation,its cause and control.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,349.
陈宏玲,罗治建,蔡池全,等.2006.杨树平衡施肥效应研究.湖北林业科技,(6):15-17.(Chen H L,Luo Z J,Cai C Q,et al.2006.The effects of balanced fertilization of Poplar.Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,(6):15-17.[in Chinese])
董雯怡,赵燕,张志毅,等.2010.水肥耦合效应对毛白杨苗木生物量的影响.应用生态学报,21 (9):2194-2200.(Dong W Y,Zhao Y,Zhang Z Y,et al.2010.Coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the biomass of Populus tomentosa seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(9):2194-2200.[in Chinese])
方升佐.2008.中国杨树人工林培育技术研究进展.应用生态学报,19(10):2308-2316(Fang S Z.2008.Silviculture of poplar plantation in China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,19(10):2308-2316.[in Chinese])
郭惠清,田有亮.1998.杨幼树水分生理指标和光合强度与土壤含水量关系的研究.干旱区资源与环境,12(2):101-106.(Guo H Q,Tian Y L.1998.Relationship of a new physiologic indexes and soil water contents for poplar seedlings.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,12(2):101-106.[in Chinese])
何应同,王少元,郑红波,等.1998.杨树不同土壤立地条件施肥效应研究.湖北林业科技,(3):5-12.(He Y T,Wang S Y,Zheng H B,et al.1998.Study on fertilization effect of poplar under different soil site conditions.Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,(3):5-12.[in Chinese])
贾黎明,邢长山,李景锐,等.2005.地下滴灌条件下杨树速生丰产林生产力及效益分析.北京林业大学学报,27 (6):43-49.(Jia L M,Xing C S,Li J R,et al.2005.Productivity and benefit analysis of fast-growing and high-yield plantations of poplar under subsurface drip irrigation.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,27(6):43-49.[in Chinese])
姜岳忠,吴哓星,马玲.2004.毛白杨苗期生长特性及需肥量研究.甘肃农业大学学报,39 (4):423-426.(Jiang Y Z,Wu X X,Ma L,et al.2004.Study on seedling growth characteristics and fertilizer requirement of 2004 Populus tomentosa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,39 (4):423-426.[in Chinese])
李爱民,赵玉萍,张英,等.2005.2个毛白杨无性系生长差异性分析.甘肃林业科技,30(2):25-28.(Li A M,Zhao Y P,Zhang Y,et al.2005.Difference analysis of 2 clones of Populus.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,30(2):25-28.[in Chinese])
刘寿坡,朱占学,张瑛,等.1988.毛白杨人工林施肥效应的初步研究.土壤通报,(5):219-222.(Liu S P,Zhu Z X,Zhang Y,et al.1988.Preliminary study on fertilization effect of Populus tomentosa plantation.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,(5):219-222.[in Chinese])
任忠秀,聂立水,张强,等.2011.水氮耦合下毛白杨无性系材积生长规律及品种选择.中南林业科技大学学报,31 (8):187-193.(Ren Z X,Nie L S,Zhang Q,et al.2012.Coupling effects of water and nitrogen on the stand volume and economic benefit of Populus tomentosa clone plantations.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,31(8):187-193.[in Chinese])
孙兆地,聂立水,辛颖,等.2012.水氮耦合效应对三倍体毛白杨林木生长状况的影响.土壤通报,43(4):896-902(Sun Z D,Nie L S,Xin Y,et al.2012.The influence of coupling effect of water and nitrogen on the growth of triploid Populus tomentosa.Soil Science,43 (4):896-902.[in Chinese])
田赟,王海燕,孙向阳,等.2009.三倍体毛白杨人工林施肥与营养诊断研究进展.西北林学院学报,24 (6):83-87(Tian Y,Wang H Y,Sun X Y,et al.2009.Advances in the study of fertilization and nutrient diagnosis of triploid Populus tomentosa Plantation.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,24 (6):83-87.[in Chinese])
王力,侯庆春.2000.林地施肥与水肥效益.西北林学院学报,15(2):84-88.(Wang L,Hou Q C.2000.Fertilizing of wood land and water fertilizer efficiency.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,15(2):84-88.[in Chinese])
王文全,贾玉彬,李惠卓,等.2000.毛白杨幼林灌溉效应及其特点分析.南京林业大学学报,24(1):17-22.(Wang W Q,Jia Y B,Li H Z,et al.2000.The analysis of the irrigation effect and its character in young plantation of Populus tomentosa.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,24 (1):17-22.[in Chinese])
王文全,李秀江,贾玉彬,等.2001.沙地毛白杨速生丰产林节水灌溉的研究.河北农业大学学报,24 (1):33-37.(Wang W Q,Li X J,Jia Y B,et al.2001.Study on Populus tomentosa plantation of water-saving irrigation.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,24 (1):33-37.[in Chinese])
王文全,张立军,李炜波,等.1997.毛白杨幼林节水灌溉效益分析.河北林果研究,12 (3):284-289.(Wang W Q,Zhang L J,Li W B,et al.1997.Analysis of the benefit of water saving irrigation in young plantation of Populus tomentosa.Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research,12 (3):284-289.[in Chinese])
王文全.1993.毛白杨光合作用与土壤水分关系研究.河北林学院学报,8 (3):185-189.(Wang W Q.1993.Study on the relationship between photosynthesis and soil water content of Populus tomentosa.Journal of Hebei Forestry College,8 (3):185-189.[in Chinese])
吴惠仙,唐新民,文二华.2000.施肥对杨树后期生长及养分的影响.中南林业调查规划,19(3):61-62.(Wu H X,Tang X M,Wen E H.2000.Effect of fertilization on growth and nutrient of poplar in the late.Central South Forestry Investigation and Planning,19 (3):61-62.[in Chinese])
许兴华,李霞,孟宪伟,等.2006.毛白杨优良无性系选育研究.山东林业科技,(2):30-32.(Xu X H,Li X,Meng X W,et al.2006.Study on breeding of fine clones of Populus tomentosa.Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,(2):30-32.[in Chinese])
杨玉梅.2016.胶合木及其在工程中的应用.林产工业,43(2):40-42.(Yang Y M.2016.Glued wood and its application in engineering.Forest Products Industry,43 (2):40-42.[in Chinese]).
尹伟伦.2005.中国杨树栽培与利用研究.北京:中国林业出版社(Yin W L.2005.Researches on cultivation and utilization of poplar in China.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House.[in Chinese])
赵立新,荆家海,王韶唐.1991.旱地冬小麦施肥效应研究.干旱地区农业研究,(4):46-52.(Zhao L X,Jing J H,Wang S T.1991.Study on fertilization effects of winter wheat in arid land.Agricultural Research in Arid Area,(4):46-52.[in Chinese])
赵天锡,陈章水.1994.中国杨树集约栽培.北京:中国科学技术出版社.(Zhao T X,Chen Z S,1994.The poplar intensive cultivation in China.Beijing:China Science & Technology Press.[in Chinese])
赵燕,董雯怡,张志毅,等.2010.施肥对毛白杨杂种无性系幼苗生长和光合的影响.林业科学,46(4):70-76.(Zhao Y,Dong W Y,Zhang Z Y,et al.2010.Effect of fertilization on growth and photosynthesis of hybrid clones of Populus tomentosa.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,46 (4):70-76.[in Chinese])
郑世锴.2006.杨树高产种植技术.北京:金盾出版社.(Zheng S K.2006.High yield cultivation of poplar.Beijing:Golden Shield Press.[in Chinese])
钟家珍,陈永新.1989.意大利杨树林地施肥试验研究.湖北林业科技,(2):l-6.(Zhong J Z,Chen Y X.1989.Experimental study on fertilization of poplar forest in Italy.Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,(2):1-6.[in Chinese])
Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X H.2003.Effects of nitrogen rate,irrigation rate,and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency.Agronomy Journal,95(6):1475-1482.
Aujla M S,Thind H S,Buttar G S,et al.2007.Fruit yield and water use efficiency of eggplant (Solanum melongema L.) as influenced by different quantities of nitrogen and water applied through drip and furrow irrigation.Scientia Horticulture,112 (2):142-148.
Bisoffi S,Minotta G,Paris P.2008.Forest plantations and farm forestry in Italy:directions for cultivations and valorizations//Proceedings of the III “Silvicultural National Congress”.Taormina (ME-Italy),16-19 October 2008,729-736 [in Italian].
Cain K C,Lange N T.1984.Approximate case influence for the proportional hazards regression model with censored data.Biometrics,40(2):493-499.
Covarelli L,Beccari G,Tosi L,et al.2013.Three-year investigations on leaf rust of poplar cultivated for biomass production in Umbria,central Italy.Biomass Bioenergy,49:315-322.
Dichio B,Xiloyannis C,Sofo A,et al.2007.Effects of post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation on carbohydrate and nitrogen partitioning,yield quality and vegetative growth of peach trees.Plant and Soil,290 (1):127-137.
Dong W Y,Qin J,Li J Y,et al.2011.Interactions between soil water content and fertilizer on growth characteristics and biomass yield of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) seedlings.Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,57(2):303-312.
Fisher R F.1980.Response of semimature slash and loblolly pine plantations to fertilizations with nitrogen and phosphorous.Soil Sci Soc Am J,44 (4):850-854.
Fortier J,Gagnon D,Truax B,et al.2010.Biomass and volume yield after 6 years in multiclonal hybrid poplar riparian buffer strips.Biomass Bioenergy,34(7):1028-1040.
Heilman P E,Xie F G.1994.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on leaf area light interception,and productivity of short-rotation Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides hybrids.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,24(1):166-173.
Hook D D,Debell D S,Ager A,et al.1990.Dry weight partitioning among 36 open-pollinated red alder families.Biomass,21(1):11-25.
Navarro G Facciotto,Campi P,Mastrorilli M,et al.2014.Physiological adaptations of five poplar genotypes grown under SRC in the semi-arid Mediterranean environment.Trees,28(4):983-994.
Nielsen U B,Madsen P,Hansen J K,et al.2014.Production potential of 36 poplar clones grown at medium length rotation in Denmark.Biomass & Bioenergy,64 (3):99-109.
Orlovic S S,Pajevic S P,Krstic B D,et al.2002.Selection of black poplars for water use efficiency.Matica Srpska Proceedings for Natural Sciencs,(102):45-51.
Pannacci E,Bartolini S,Covarelli G,et al.2009.Evaluation of four poplar clones in a short rotation forestry in Central Italy.Italian Journal of Agronomy,4(4):191-198.
Richard A McLaugh lin,Edward A Hansen,Phillip E Pope.1987.POPE biomass and nitrogen dynamics in an irrigated hybrid poplar plantation.Forest Ecology and Management,18 (3):169-188.
Rushforth,Keith.1999.Trees of Britain and Europe.London:Harper Collins Publishers.
Shock C C,Feibert E B C,Seddigh M,et al.2002.Water requirement sand growth of irrigated hybrid poplar in a semi-arid environment in eastern Oregon.West J Appl For,(17):46-53.
Smethurst P,Baillie C,Cherry M,et al.2003.Fertilizer effects on LAI and growth of four Eucalyptus nitens plantations.Forest Ecology & Management,176 (1):531-542.
Stettler R F,Bradshaw H D,Heilman P E,et al.Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation.Ottawa:NRC Research Press,National Research Council of Canada.ISBN 9780660165066.
Swamy S L,Mishra A,Puri S,et al.2006.Comparison of growth,biomass and nutrient distribution in five promising clones of Populus deltoides under an agrisilviculture system.Bioresource Technology,97(1):57-68.
Truax B,Gagnon D,Fortier J,et al.2014.Biomass and volume yield in mature hybrid poplar plantations on temperate abandoned farmland.Forests,5(12):3107-3130.
Voltas J,Serrano L,Hernandez M,et al.2006.Carbon is otope discrimination,gas exchange and stem growth of four Euramerican hybrid poplars under different watering regimes.New Forests,31 (4):35-51.
Xi B Y,Li G D,Bloomberg M,et al.2014.The effects of subsurface irrigation at different soil water potential thresholds on the growth and transpiration of Populus tomentosa in the North China Plain.Australian Forestry,77 (3/4):159-167.
Xi B Y,Bloomberg M,Watt M,et al.2016.Modeling growth response to soil water availability simulated by HYDRUS for a mature triploid Populus tomentosa plantation located on the North China Plain.Agricultural Water Management,176:243-254.
Yadav R S,Sharwa R K,Pandey U K.1998.Effect of various water potential treatment on nitrate reduce activity in wheat genotypes.Agricultural Science Digest,(18):73-75.
Zoble B J,Buijtenen J P.1989.Wood variation,its cause and control.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,349.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |