河北张家口季节冻土温度水分时空演化相关性研究
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摘要
河北张家口属于季节性冻土区,温度和水分是影响土体结构和强度的主要因素,因此研究土壤温度和水分变化相关性对于分析土体结构稳定性和工程建设具有重要意义。本研究采用国产智能化墒情监测设备,在张家口坝上与坝下过渡带选择一个典型坡面为研究区,采用垂向分层监测方法,对土壤进行温度和含水率观测,历时一个水文年。通过监测数据分析,探究季节性冻土不同土壤层温度、含水率随时间的变化以及纵向空间不同土壤温度梯度、含水率变化关系。研究表明:典型坡面0.6 m以上土壤层,受大气温度影响,并相对于大气温度变化滞后。0.75 m以下土壤层全年温度高于0℃,最大冻土深度为0.6 m。斜坡面以下0.3 m、0.75 m处含水率变化受气温影响最大,变化规律一致,但影响因素不同;斜坡表面以下0.45 m和0.6 m温度的变化对于土壤层含水率的变化影响较小,且不同层位影响程度不同。
Zhangjiakou is a seasonal frozen soil area in Hebei Province. Temperature and moisture are the main factors affecting soil structure and strength. Therefore, it is important to investigate the correlation between soil temperature and moisture for analyzing the stability of soil structure and engineering construction. A typical slope surface was selected as the study area in the transition zone between Zhangjiakou dam and upper dam, and the soil temperature and water content were observed by the vertical stratified monitoring method for a hydrological year. The changes in temperature and water content with time were monitored at different layers of seasonal frozen soil, and their relationship was explored. The soil temperature above 0.6 m layers of typical slope was affected by the atmospheric temperature and lagged behind its change. The soil temperature below 0.75 m layers was above 0 ℃, and the maximum frozen soil depth was 0.6 m. Atmospheric temperature had the greatest influence on the soil water content at0.3 m and 0.75 m depths below the slope surface, and the variation trend was the same, but the influencing factors were different. The influence of soil temperature on soil water content was different among different soil layers and the effect was little at 0.45 m and 0.6 m depths below the slope surface.
Zhangjiakou is a seasonal frozen soil area in Hebei Province. Temperature and moisture are the main factors affecting soil structure and strength. Therefore, it is important to investigate the correlation between soil temperature and moisture for analyzing the stability of soil structure and engineering construction. A typical slope surface was selected as the study area in the transition zone between Zhangjiakou dam and upper dam, and the soil temperature and water content were observed by the vertical stratified monitoring method for a hydrological year. The changes in temperature and water content with time were monitored at different layers of seasonal frozen soil, and their relationship was explored. The soil temperature above 0.6 m layers of typical slope was affected by the atmospheric temperature and lagged behind its change. The soil temperature below 0.75 m layers was above 0 ℃, and the maximum frozen soil depth was 0.6 m. Atmospheric temperature had the greatest influence on the soil water content at0.3 m and 0.75 m depths below the slope surface, and the variation trend was the same, but the influencing factors were different. The influence of soil temperature on soil water content was different among different soil layers and the effect was little at 0.45 m and 0.6 m depths below the slope surface.
引文
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[2]曾磊,赵贵章,胡炜,等.冻融条件下浅层黄土中温度与水分的空间变化相关性[J].地质通报, 2015, 34(11):2123-2131.
[3]高玉佳,王清,陈慧娥,等.温度对季节性冻土水分迁移的影响研究[J].工程地质学报, 2010, 18(5):698-702.
[4]曹文炳,万力,陈康,等.季节冻土对包气带水分迁移的影响[J].水文地质工程地质, 2014, 41(6):1-5.
[5]赵春雷,邵明安,贾小旭.冻融循环对黄土区土壤饱和导水率影响的试验研究[J].土壤通报, 2015.46(1):68-73.
[6]韩露,万忠梅,孙赫阳.冻融作用对土壤物理、化学和生物学性质影响的研究进展[J].土壤通报, 2018, 49(3):736-742.
[7]李忠辉,韦晓丽,王秀娟,等.吉林省春季土壤温度及化冻深度研究[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(2):334-338.
[8]王洋,刘景双,孙崇玉,等.农田黑土季节性冻融过程及其水分分布特征[J].土壤通报, 2012, 43(1):6-9.
[9]杨小力,王劲松.西北地区季节性最大冻土深度的分布和变化特征[J].土壤通报, 2008, 39(2):238-243.
[10] STOECKELER JH, WEIZMEN S. Infiltration rates in frozen soil in Northern Minnesota[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am proc, 1960, 24(2):1188-1200.
[11]吕雅洁.哈尔滨地区冻层土壤水热参数监测试验研究[D].黑龙江:黑龙江大学, 2013.
[12] Y KOJIMA, JL HEITMAN, K NOBORIO. et al. Sensitivity analysis of temperature changes for determining thermal properties of partially frozen soil with a dual probe heat pulse sensor[J]. Cold Regions Science&Technology, 2018, 151:188-195.
[13]刘星燕,黄山江,苗志成,等.张家口近48年气温变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(32):288-292.
[14]肖王星,效存德,郭晓寅,等.北京-张家口地区冬春季积雪特征分析[J].冰川冻土, 2016, 38(3):584-595.
[15]王新路,冯丽宵,赵光辉,等.冀西北高原土壤冻融特征研究[J].土壤通报, 2011, 42(3):528-533.
[16]钟华,张宾,王恩良,等.冻土远程实时监测软件系统的开发与应用[J].黑龙江水利, 2015, 1(5):8-12.
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