生物炭对烤烟生长、根际土壤性质及叶片重金属含量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究生物炭对烤烟生长、根际土壤性质及叶片重金属含量的影响,为生物炭的烟田施用提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设烟杆生物炭用量(生物炭/(土+生物炭)×100%)分别为0%(对照),0.1%,0.5%,1%,2%,3%6个处理,依次记为B0、B0.1、B0.5、B1、B2、B3,研究不同用量生物炭对烤烟生长、烟草根际土壤理化性质及烟叶重金属含量的影响,并分析烤烟生长指标、烟草根际土壤理化性质及烟叶重金属含量三者之间的相关关系。【结果】与B0处理相比,生物炭处理还苗期烟草的叶片数无显著变化,但烟草的株高、最大叶面积均增加;生物炭处理提高了团棵期烟草的叶片数、株高、最大叶面积、地上和根干质量。施用生物炭后,还苗期和团棵期烟叶的叶绿素含量总体均降低。与B0处理相比,生物炭处理明显影响了烤烟根际土壤的理化性质,其中土壤体积质量降低,土壤pH以及有机碳、全氮含量增加,全磷含量降低。此外,与B0处理相比,生物炭处理烟草根际土壤硝态氮和速效磷含量均降低;铵态氮含量总体无显著变化;B1、B2和B3处理烟草根际土壤的速效钾含量均增加,其余处理无显著变化。与B0处理相比,生物炭处理总体降低了烟叶中重金属Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的含量。【结论】施用生物炭促进了烤烟的生长,影响了土壤理化性质,减少叶片中重金属含量,本试验条件下生物炭用量为0.1%和1%时效果较佳。
【Objective】 The effect of biochar on growth of flue-cured tobacco, soil properties and contents of heavy metals in tobacco leaves were studied to provide basis for biochar application in tobacco field.【Method】 Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different biochar application rates(biochar/(soil+biochar)×100%) of 0%(control),0.1%,0.5%,1%,2% and 3%(symbolled as B0,B0.1,B0.5,B1,B2,and B3) on tobacco growth,soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.The correlations between flue-cured tobacco growth indexes,soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves were analyzed.【Result】 Compared with the B0 treatment,leaf numbers had no significant change at the seedling stage after biochar application,while plant height and maximum leaf area increased significantly.Biochar amendment increased leaf number,plant height,maximum leaf area,as well as aboveground and root dry weights of tobacco at the rosette stage.The chlorophyll contents in tobacco leaves in the seedling and rosette stages decreased under biochar application. The physical and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil were remarkably influenced by biochar amendment,soil bulk density decreased,soil pH and contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased, while the total phosphorus content decreased.Compared with the B0 treatment,the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased under biochar amendment,while there was no significant difference in ammonium nitrogen content.The contents of available potassium in the rhizosphere soil increased under B1,B2 and B3 treatments.Biochar amendment also decreased contents of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn) in tobacco leaves.【Conclusion】 The application of biochar promoted tobacco growth,influenced soil physical and chemical properties and decreased heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.The 0.1% and 1% biochar applications were better under the conditions of this experiment.
【Objective】 The effect of biochar on growth of flue-cured tobacco, soil properties and contents of heavy metals in tobacco leaves were studied to provide basis for biochar application in tobacco field.【Method】 Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different biochar application rates(biochar/(soil+biochar)×100%) of 0%(control),0.1%,0.5%,1%,2% and 3%(symbolled as B0,B0.1,B0.5,B1,B2,and B3) on tobacco growth,soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.The correlations between flue-cured tobacco growth indexes,soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves were analyzed.【Result】 Compared with the B0 treatment,leaf numbers had no significant change at the seedling stage after biochar application,while plant height and maximum leaf area increased significantly.Biochar amendment increased leaf number,plant height,maximum leaf area,as well as aboveground and root dry weights of tobacco at the rosette stage.The chlorophyll contents in tobacco leaves in the seedling and rosette stages decreased under biochar application. The physical and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil were remarkably influenced by biochar amendment,soil bulk density decreased,soil pH and contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased, while the total phosphorus content decreased.Compared with the B0 treatment,the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased under biochar amendment,while there was no significant difference in ammonium nitrogen content.The contents of available potassium in the rhizosphere soil increased under B1,B2 and B3 treatments.Biochar amendment also decreased contents of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn) in tobacco leaves.【Conclusion】 The application of biochar promoted tobacco growth,influenced soil physical and chemical properties and decreased heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.The 0.1% and 1% biochar applications were better under the conditions of this experiment.
引文
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[6] Oguntund D P G,Abiodun B J,Ajayi A E.Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in ghana [J].Joumal of Plant Nutrient and soil Science,2008,171(4):591-596.
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[8] 陈少毅,许超,张文静,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施降低水稻重金属含量的盆栽试验 [J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):189-197.Chen S Y,Xu C,Zhang W J,et al.Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizers reducing heavy metals contents in potted rice planted in contaminated soil [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(14):189-197.
[9] 万海涛.烤烟发育和产量品质及植烟土壤理化性状对生物炭的响应研究 [D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.Wan H T.Responses of flue-cured tobacco development yield,quality and tobacco-planting soil properties to biochar rates [D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2014.
[10] 刘会,朱占玲,彭玲,等.生物质炭改善果园土壤理化性状并促进苹果植株氮素吸收 [J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):454-460.Liu H,Zhu Z L,Peng L,et al.Applying biochar to improve soil physical and chemical properties and nitrogen utilization by apple trees [J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(2):454-460.
[11] 张晗芝,黄云,刘钢,等.生物炭对玉米苗期生长、养分吸收及土壤化学性状的影响 [J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2713-2717.Zhang H Z,Huang Y,Liu G,et al.Effects of biochar on corn growth,nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties in seeding stage [J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(11):2713-2717.
[12] 李中阳,齐学斌,樊向阳,等.生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响 [J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):119-124.Li Z Y,Qi X B,Fan X Y,et al.Influences of biochars on growth,yield,water use efficiency and root morphology of winter wheat [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(12):119-124.
[13] Tang J,Zhu W,Kookana R,et al.Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil [J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2013,116(6):653-659.
[14] Houben D,Evard L,Sonnet P.Mobility,bioavailability and pH-dependent leaching of cadmium,zinc and lead in a contaminated soil amended with biochar [J].Chemosphere,2013,92(11):1450-1457.
[15] Liu X,Zhang A,Ji C,et al.Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions-a meta-analysis of literature data [J].Plant & Soil,2013,373:583-594.
[16] 冯敏玉,肖金香,舒文英,等.烤烟团棵期灌水处理的生理特性响应 [J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(6):831-835.Feng M Y,Xiao J X,Shu W Y,et al.The physiological response of flue-cured tobacco to different soil moisture at its resettling growth stage in field [J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2005,27(6):831-835.
[17] Zhang J X,Zhang Z F,Shen G M,et al.Growth performance,nutrient absorption of tobacco and soil fertility after straw biochar application [J].International Journal of Agriculture & Biology,2016,18(5):983-989.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis [M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000.
[19] 陈春强,李明顺,赖燕平.火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰矿恢复区植物中重金属 [J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(3):48-49.Chen C Q,Li M S,Lai Y P.Determination of heavy metals in plants of recovery area of manganese mine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry [J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2009,21(3):48-49.
[20] Laird D A,Fleming P,Davis D D,et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical midwestern agricultural soil [J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):443-449.
[21] 陈红霞,杜章留,郭伟,等.施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响 [J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2930-2934.Chen H X,Du Z L,Guo W,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on cropland soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity,and particulate organic matter content in the North China Plain [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(11):2930-2934.
[22] 张阿凤,邵慧芸,成功,等.小麦生物质炭对烤烟生长及根际土壤理化性质的影响 [J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):85-93.Zhang A F,Shao H Y,Cheng G,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on flue-cured tobacco growth and soil physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere [J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(6):85-93.
[23] 赵殿峰.不同生物炭施用量对烤烟土壤理化性状及烤烟生长的影响 [D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.Zhao D F.Effects of different biochar application amount on physicochemical properties of tobacco soil and tobacco growth [D].Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2014.
[24] 惠锦卓,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.添加生物炭对灌淤土土壤养分含量和氮素淋失的影响 [J].中国农业气象,2014,35(2):156-161.Hui J Z,Zhang A P,Liu R L,et al.Effects of biochar on soil nutrients and nitrogen leaching in anthropogenic-alluvial soil [J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(2):156-161.
[25] 尤方芳,赵铭钦,陈发元,等.生物炭与不同肥料配施对镉胁迫下烟株生长的影响 [J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(3):489-495.You F F,Zhao M Q,Chen F Y,et al.Effect of combined application of biochar and fertilizer on growth of tobacco under Cd stress [J].Zhejiang Agricultural Journal,2016,28(3):489-495.
[26] Bradl H B.Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents [J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,277(1):1-18.
[27] 王丽渊,刘国顺,王林虹,等.生物质炭对烤烟干物质积累量及根际土壤理化性质的影响 [J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):140-144.Wang L Y,Liu G S,Wang L H,et al.Effects of biochar on dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco and physical and chemical property of rhizosphere soil [J].Agricultural Journal of North China,2014,29(1):140-144.
[2] 管恩娜.生物质炭对土壤理化性质、烤烟生长及烟草黑胫病的影响 [D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.Guan E N.Effect of biochar on soil physicochemical properties,tobacco growth and tobacco black shank [D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2016.
[3] 吴福芳,沈晓宝,谭兰兰,等.烟草秸秆的综合利用与展望 [J].阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2015,32(4):49-55.Wu F F,Shen X B,Tan L L,et al.Prospect of comprehensive utilization of tobacco straw [J].Journal of Fuyang Normal University (Natural Science),2015,32(4):49-55.
[4] Qu C S,Li B,Wu H S,et al.Controlling air pollution from straw burning in china calls for efficient recycling [J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,46(15):7934-7936.
[5] 章明奎,Bayou D,唐红娟.生物质炭对土壤有机质活性的影响 [J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):127-131.Zhang M K,Bayou D,Tang H J.Effects of biochar’s application on active organic carbon fractions in soil [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(2):127-131.
[6] Oguntund D P G,Abiodun B J,Ajayi A E.Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in ghana [J].Joumal of Plant Nutrient and soil Science,2008,171(4):591-596.
[7] 王丽丽.不同生物炭对铅锌矿尾矿重金属污染土壤修复效果的研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.Wang L L.The remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil around a Pb/Zn mine by different biochars derived from rice straw and pig manure [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.
[8] 陈少毅,许超,张文静,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施降低水稻重金属含量的盆栽试验 [J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):189-197.Chen S Y,Xu C,Zhang W J,et al.Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizers reducing heavy metals contents in potted rice planted in contaminated soil [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(14):189-197.
[9] 万海涛.烤烟发育和产量品质及植烟土壤理化性状对生物炭的响应研究 [D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.Wan H T.Responses of flue-cured tobacco development yield,quality and tobacco-planting soil properties to biochar rates [D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2014.
[10] 刘会,朱占玲,彭玲,等.生物质炭改善果园土壤理化性状并促进苹果植株氮素吸收 [J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):454-460.Liu H,Zhu Z L,Peng L,et al.Applying biochar to improve soil physical and chemical properties and nitrogen utilization by apple trees [J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(2):454-460.
[11] 张晗芝,黄云,刘钢,等.生物炭对玉米苗期生长、养分吸收及土壤化学性状的影响 [J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2713-2717.Zhang H Z,Huang Y,Liu G,et al.Effects of biochar on corn growth,nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties in seeding stage [J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(11):2713-2717.
[12] 李中阳,齐学斌,樊向阳,等.生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响 [J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):119-124.Li Z Y,Qi X B,Fan X Y,et al.Influences of biochars on growth,yield,water use efficiency and root morphology of winter wheat [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(12):119-124.
[13] Tang J,Zhu W,Kookana R,et al.Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil [J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2013,116(6):653-659.
[14] Houben D,Evard L,Sonnet P.Mobility,bioavailability and pH-dependent leaching of cadmium,zinc and lead in a contaminated soil amended with biochar [J].Chemosphere,2013,92(11):1450-1457.
[15] Liu X,Zhang A,Ji C,et al.Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions-a meta-analysis of literature data [J].Plant & Soil,2013,373:583-594.
[16] 冯敏玉,肖金香,舒文英,等.烤烟团棵期灌水处理的生理特性响应 [J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(6):831-835.Feng M Y,Xiao J X,Shu W Y,et al.The physiological response of flue-cured tobacco to different soil moisture at its resettling growth stage in field [J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2005,27(6):831-835.
[17] Zhang J X,Zhang Z F,Shen G M,et al.Growth performance,nutrient absorption of tobacco and soil fertility after straw biochar application [J].International Journal of Agriculture & Biology,2016,18(5):983-989.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis [M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000.
[19] 陈春强,李明顺,赖燕平.火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰矿恢复区植物中重金属 [J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(3):48-49.Chen C Q,Li M S,Lai Y P.Determination of heavy metals in plants of recovery area of manganese mine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry [J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2009,21(3):48-49.
[20] Laird D A,Fleming P,Davis D D,et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical midwestern agricultural soil [J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):443-449.
[21] 陈红霞,杜章留,郭伟,等.施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响 [J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2930-2934.Chen H X,Du Z L,Guo W,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on cropland soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity,and particulate organic matter content in the North China Plain [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(11):2930-2934.
[22] 张阿凤,邵慧芸,成功,等.小麦生物质炭对烤烟生长及根际土壤理化性质的影响 [J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):85-93.Zhang A F,Shao H Y,Cheng G,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on flue-cured tobacco growth and soil physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere [J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(6):85-93.
[23] 赵殿峰.不同生物炭施用量对烤烟土壤理化性状及烤烟生长的影响 [D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.Zhao D F.Effects of different biochar application amount on physicochemical properties of tobacco soil and tobacco growth [D].Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2014.
[24] 惠锦卓,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.添加生物炭对灌淤土土壤养分含量和氮素淋失的影响 [J].中国农业气象,2014,35(2):156-161.Hui J Z,Zhang A P,Liu R L,et al.Effects of biochar on soil nutrients and nitrogen leaching in anthropogenic-alluvial soil [J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(2):156-161.
[25] 尤方芳,赵铭钦,陈发元,等.生物炭与不同肥料配施对镉胁迫下烟株生长的影响 [J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(3):489-495.You F F,Zhao M Q,Chen F Y,et al.Effect of combined application of biochar and fertilizer on growth of tobacco under Cd stress [J].Zhejiang Agricultural Journal,2016,28(3):489-495.
[26] Bradl H B.Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents [J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,277(1):1-18.
[27] 王丽渊,刘国顺,王林虹,等.生物质炭对烤烟干物质积累量及根际土壤理化性质的影响 [J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):140-144.Wang L Y,Liu G S,Wang L H,et al.Effects of biochar on dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco and physical and chemical property of rhizosphere soil [J].Agricultural Journal of North China,2014,29(1):140-144.
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