高氮密植栽培对湘两优900产量形成及氮利用效率的影响
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摘要
为探明湘两优900在热带稻区的高产性和适应性,在海南三亚进行4个施氮水平(0、150、225、300 kg·hm~(-2))和2个移栽密度(25.0×104、16.7×104hills·hm~(-2))大田栽培试验,研究施氮水平和移栽密度对湘两优900产量形成和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施氮水平和移栽密度对湘两优900产量影响显著,产量随着施氮水平和移栽密度的提高而显著增加,以施氮量300 kg·hm~(-2)与移栽密度16.7×104hills·hm~(-2)组合的产量最高(15.32 t·hm~(-2)),其增产优势主要表现为有效穗数多,地上部干物重和叶面积指数(LAI)大,叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)高。施氮水平与移栽密度对氮肥吸收利用效率有影响,且施氮水平起显著作用。施氮量为300 kg·hm~(-2)时,氮肥吸收利用率最大(44.5%),增加施氮量能显著提高氮肥利用率,同时也会显著降低氮素吸收效率、氮生理效率、氮肥效率。从产量和氮肥利用效率综合考虑,施氮量300 kg·hm~(-2)与移栽密度25.0×104hills·hm~(-2)是本试验条件下的最优密肥组合。本研究结果为超级杂交稻在热带稻区(海南)推广应用提供了科学依据。
In order to explore high yield and adaptability of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 in tropical environment in Sanya,Hainan. A field experiments with four levels of nitrogen( N) application rate( 0,150,225,300 kg·hm~(-2)) and two planting densities( 25.0×104,16.7×104 hills·hm~(-2)) was conducted to study effects of N application rate and plant density on yield components and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 was significantly affected by N application rate and plant density.Grain yield of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 increases with N application rates and plant density increasing. Its highest grain yield was 15. 32 t·hm~(-2) for the combination of N rate 300 kg·hm~(-2) and plant density of 25. 0 × 104 hills·hm~(-2),and the increase advantages of grain yield may be mainly due to the contribution of more panicles per m2,greater total aboveground biomass,larger LAI,and higher chlorophyll content and Pn. N application rate and plant density had effects on nitrogen utilization efficiency,and N application rates play a significant role. The highest of N fertilizer use efficiency was 44.5% in the treatment of N application rate 300 kg·hm~(-2),but increasing N application rate could significantly increase N fertilizer use efficiency,and also reduce N absorption efficiency,N physiological efficiency and N fertilizer efficiency. Our result suggested that the optimum combination is N application rate of 300 kg·hm~(-2) and plant density of 25.0×104 hills·hm~(-2) for super hybrid rice Xiangliang900 in consideration of both grain yield and N use efficiency in the test area. The findings provide a scientific basis for super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 widely planting in tropical environment( Hainan Province).
In order to explore high yield and adaptability of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 in tropical environment in Sanya,Hainan. A field experiments with four levels of nitrogen( N) application rate( 0,150,225,300 kg·hm~(-2)) and two planting densities( 25.0×104,16.7×104 hills·hm~(-2)) was conducted to study effects of N application rate and plant density on yield components and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 was significantly affected by N application rate and plant density.Grain yield of super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 increases with N application rates and plant density increasing. Its highest grain yield was 15. 32 t·hm~(-2) for the combination of N rate 300 kg·hm~(-2) and plant density of 25. 0 × 104 hills·hm~(-2),and the increase advantages of grain yield may be mainly due to the contribution of more panicles per m2,greater total aboveground biomass,larger LAI,and higher chlorophyll content and Pn. N application rate and plant density had effects on nitrogen utilization efficiency,and N application rates play a significant role. The highest of N fertilizer use efficiency was 44.5% in the treatment of N application rate 300 kg·hm~(-2),but increasing N application rate could significantly increase N fertilizer use efficiency,and also reduce N absorption efficiency,N physiological efficiency and N fertilizer efficiency. Our result suggested that the optimum combination is N application rate of 300 kg·hm~(-2) and plant density of 25.0×104 hills·hm~(-2) for super hybrid rice Xiangliang900 in consideration of both grain yield and N use efficiency in the test area. The findings provide a scientific basis for super hybrid rice Xiangliangyou900 widely planting in tropical environment( Hainan Province).
引文
[1]谢小兵,蒋鹏,黄敏,曹放波,周雪峰,张瑞春,陈佳娜,伍丹丹,邹应斌.基于黄金分割法的双季稻合理密植研究[J].核农学报,2016,30(12):2467-2476
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[3]于洪兰,肖艳云,魏立军,谢辉,曲丽君,华泽田,关峰,东丽,蔡卓,王成.浅析我国水稻育种的发展趋势[J].园艺与种苗,2014,(8):55-58,62
[4]吴朝辉,孙钦洪,董玉信,王延稳,袁隆平.超优千号在山东莒南县试验示范表现及栽培技术[J].杂交水稻,2017,32(1):47-48
[5] Wu Z H,Sun Q H,Dong Y X,Wang Y W,Yuan L P. Performance and cultivation techniques of a promising super hybrid rice combination chaoyou 1000 in high-latitude area[J]. Agricultural Sciences&Technology,2017,18(6):1012-1015
[6]陈健晓,孟卫东,林朝上,李建武,彭玉林,符策强.超级稻苗头组合超优1000在海南三亚6.82 hm2连片高产示范表现及栽培技术[J].杂交水稻,2016,31(3):40-42
[7]刘文祥,青先国,艾治勇.氮肥和密度对双季杂交稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3094-3101
[8]刘文祥,青先国,艾治勇,朱佳文.氮密互作对陆两优996冠层特性和产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(1):213-220
[9]周江明,赵琳,董越勇,徐进,边武英,毛杨仓,章秀福.氮肥和移植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):274-281
[10]符辰建,谢小兵,蒋鹏,杨广,彭铁玖,杨远柱,邹应斌.移栽密度对超级早稻陵两优268生长及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(5):17-20
[11]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000
[12]贺阳冬,童平,马均,孙园园,孙永健,刘树金,许远明.三角形强化栽培条件下移栽秧龄和密度对杂交稻Ⅱ优498结实期生理和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(5):508-514
[13] Fukushima A,Shiratsuchi H,Yamagushi H,Fukuda A. Effect of nitrogen application and planting density on morphological traits,dry matter production and yield of large grain type rice variety Bekoaoba and strategies for super high-yield rice in the Tohoku Region of Japan[J]. Plant Production Science,2011,14(1):56-63
[14] Hasanuzzaman M,Rahma M L,Roy T S,Ahmed J U,Zobaer A S M. Plant characters,yield components and yield of late transplanted Aman rice as affected by plant spacing and number of seeding per hill[J].Advances in Biological Research,2009,3(5/6):201-207
[15]张祖建,谢成林,谢仁康,郎有忠,杨岚,张菊芳,朱庆森.苏中地区直播水稻的群体生产力及氮肥运筹的效应[J].作物学报,2011,37(4):667-685
[16] Ou Y J,Wang C T,He G H,Zhong S L,Li S W,Li X Y. Study on relationship between different function leaf chlorophyⅡcontent and its trends in mid and late period of rice filling and grain yield[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(4):1201-1204
[17]陈健晓,孟卫东,林尤珍,符研,符淑瑜.不同栽培模式下对海南超级稻-再生稻产量形成的影响[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(2):38-44
[18]龚金龙,张洪程,李杰,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,李德剑,华正雄,沙安勤,周有炎,罗学超,刘国林.水稻超高产栽培模式及系统理论的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(4):417-424
[19]凌启鸿,张洪程,丁艳锋,戴其根,凌励,王绍华,徐茂.水稻高产精确定量栽培[J].北方水稻,2007(2):1-9
[20]海南省统计局.国家统计局海南调查总队海南统计年鉴(2017)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017
[21]唐清杰,严小微,孟卫东.海南水稻生产现状分析及发展对策[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(1):1-5
[22]李勇.氮素营养对水稻光合作用与光合氮素利用的影响机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011:69-71
[23]刘科,陆键,高梦涛,卢碧林,魏中伟,马国辉,田小海,张运波.施氮量对杂交稻叶片光谱特征、SPAD值和光能拦截率关系的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):362-369
[24]王寅,徐建伟,张丹丹,舒小丽,吴殿星.与栽培密度相关的水稻形态基因研究进展[J].核农学报,2011,25(5):951-958
[25]王丹英.水稻品种演替过程中植株形态与氮利用效率的变化[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008:67-68
[26]谢小兵,周雪峰,蒋鹏,陈佳娜,张瑞春,伍丹丹,曹放波,单双吕,黄敏,邹应斌.低氮密植栽培对超级稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(10):1591-1602
[27] Feng Y,Chen H F,Hu X M,Cai H M,Xu F S. Optimal nitrogen application rates on rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in high,middle and low-yield paddy field[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2014,20(1):7-16
[28]黎星,程慧煌,曾勇军,汪勇,商庆银.不同时期超级杂交稻光合特性及氮素利用效率研究[J].核农学报,2019,33(5):978-987
[2]陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,徐芳森,周卫,刘芳,庞再明,李登荣.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328
[3]于洪兰,肖艳云,魏立军,谢辉,曲丽君,华泽田,关峰,东丽,蔡卓,王成.浅析我国水稻育种的发展趋势[J].园艺与种苗,2014,(8):55-58,62
[4]吴朝辉,孙钦洪,董玉信,王延稳,袁隆平.超优千号在山东莒南县试验示范表现及栽培技术[J].杂交水稻,2017,32(1):47-48
[5] Wu Z H,Sun Q H,Dong Y X,Wang Y W,Yuan L P. Performance and cultivation techniques of a promising super hybrid rice combination chaoyou 1000 in high-latitude area[J]. Agricultural Sciences&Technology,2017,18(6):1012-1015
[6]陈健晓,孟卫东,林朝上,李建武,彭玉林,符策强.超级稻苗头组合超优1000在海南三亚6.82 hm2连片高产示范表现及栽培技术[J].杂交水稻,2016,31(3):40-42
[7]刘文祥,青先国,艾治勇.氮肥和密度对双季杂交稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3094-3101
[8]刘文祥,青先国,艾治勇,朱佳文.氮密互作对陆两优996冠层特性和产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(1):213-220
[9]周江明,赵琳,董越勇,徐进,边武英,毛杨仓,章秀福.氮肥和移植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):274-281
[10]符辰建,谢小兵,蒋鹏,杨广,彭铁玖,杨远柱,邹应斌.移栽密度对超级早稻陵两优268生长及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(5):17-20
[11]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000
[12]贺阳冬,童平,马均,孙园园,孙永健,刘树金,许远明.三角形强化栽培条件下移栽秧龄和密度对杂交稻Ⅱ优498结实期生理和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(5):508-514
[13] Fukushima A,Shiratsuchi H,Yamagushi H,Fukuda A. Effect of nitrogen application and planting density on morphological traits,dry matter production and yield of large grain type rice variety Bekoaoba and strategies for super high-yield rice in the Tohoku Region of Japan[J]. Plant Production Science,2011,14(1):56-63
[14] Hasanuzzaman M,Rahma M L,Roy T S,Ahmed J U,Zobaer A S M. Plant characters,yield components and yield of late transplanted Aman rice as affected by plant spacing and number of seeding per hill[J].Advances in Biological Research,2009,3(5/6):201-207
[15]张祖建,谢成林,谢仁康,郎有忠,杨岚,张菊芳,朱庆森.苏中地区直播水稻的群体生产力及氮肥运筹的效应[J].作物学报,2011,37(4):667-685
[16] Ou Y J,Wang C T,He G H,Zhong S L,Li S W,Li X Y. Study on relationship between different function leaf chlorophyⅡcontent and its trends in mid and late period of rice filling and grain yield[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(4):1201-1204
[17]陈健晓,孟卫东,林尤珍,符研,符淑瑜.不同栽培模式下对海南超级稻-再生稻产量形成的影响[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(2):38-44
[18]龚金龙,张洪程,李杰,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,李德剑,华正雄,沙安勤,周有炎,罗学超,刘国林.水稻超高产栽培模式及系统理论的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(4):417-424
[19]凌启鸿,张洪程,丁艳锋,戴其根,凌励,王绍华,徐茂.水稻高产精确定量栽培[J].北方水稻,2007(2):1-9
[20]海南省统计局.国家统计局海南调查总队海南统计年鉴(2017)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017
[21]唐清杰,严小微,孟卫东.海南水稻生产现状分析及发展对策[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(1):1-5
[22]李勇.氮素营养对水稻光合作用与光合氮素利用的影响机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011:69-71
[23]刘科,陆键,高梦涛,卢碧林,魏中伟,马国辉,田小海,张运波.施氮量对杂交稻叶片光谱特征、SPAD值和光能拦截率关系的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):362-369
[24]王寅,徐建伟,张丹丹,舒小丽,吴殿星.与栽培密度相关的水稻形态基因研究进展[J].核农学报,2011,25(5):951-958
[25]王丹英.水稻品种演替过程中植株形态与氮利用效率的变化[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008:67-68
[26]谢小兵,周雪峰,蒋鹏,陈佳娜,张瑞春,伍丹丹,曹放波,单双吕,黄敏,邹应斌.低氮密植栽培对超级稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(10):1591-1602
[27] Feng Y,Chen H F,Hu X M,Cai H M,Xu F S. Optimal nitrogen application rates on rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in high,middle and low-yield paddy field[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2014,20(1):7-16
[28]黎星,程慧煌,曾勇军,汪勇,商庆银.不同时期超级杂交稻光合特性及氮素利用效率研究[J].核农学报,2019,33(5):978-987
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