大亚湾湾口游泳生物群落季节异质特征与生态效应分析
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摘要
该研究基于2015年大亚湾湾口底拖网调查数据,分析了该海域游泳生物资源动态、多样性水平与群落结构特征。结果显示,夏季游泳生物资源密度明显高于其他季节(F=4.556, P=0.01),且主要受鱼类优势群体季节更替的影响;春、夏、秋、冬各季度第一优势种类分别为二长棘鲷(Paerargyrops edita)、黄鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus hypargyreus)、短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)和拥剑梭子蟹(Portunus gladiator);不同季节游泳生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数介于2.35～2.66,差异不显著(F=0.597, P=0.623);而聚类(Cluster)与非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)结果显示,该海域游泳生物群落季节特异性为69.13%～80.77%。由此可知,单一的α多样性指数并不能有效地反映该海域游泳生物群落特征;冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,该海域游泳生物群落季节异质特征与水温、溶解氧、盐度、透明度、pH和叶绿素a等环境因子间存在明确的效应关系。
We analyzed the resource dynamic, diversity and community structure of nekton based on the data collected by demersal trawl at Daya Bay mouth in 2015. The results show that the density of nekton in summer was significantly higher than that in the other seasons(F=4.556, P=0.01), and it was mainly affected by the seasonal alternation of nekton dominants. The first dominant species in each season were Paerargyrops edita(in spring), Thamnaconus hypargyreus(in summer), Leiognathus brevirostris(in autumn) and Portunus gladiator(in winter). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of nekton community varied between 2.35 and 2.66,and the seasonal difference was insignificant(F=0.597, P=0.623). However, the cluster and non-measured multi-dimensional scale sequencing(NMDS) analyses show that the dissimilarity of nekton community in different seasons varied from 69.13% to 80.77%.Therefore, the single α diversity index can not reflect the characteristics of the nekton community of the survey area effectively. The results of redundancy analysis(RDA) indicate that there is a clear relationship between seasonal heterogeneity of nekton community and environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, transparency, pH and chlorophyll a.
We analyzed the resource dynamic, diversity and community structure of nekton based on the data collected by demersal trawl at Daya Bay mouth in 2015. The results show that the density of nekton in summer was significantly higher than that in the other seasons(F=4.556, P=0.01), and it was mainly affected by the seasonal alternation of nekton dominants. The first dominant species in each season were Paerargyrops edita(in spring), Thamnaconus hypargyreus(in summer), Leiognathus brevirostris(in autumn) and Portunus gladiator(in winter). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of nekton community varied between 2.35 and 2.66,and the seasonal difference was insignificant(F=0.597, P=0.623). However, the cluster and non-measured multi-dimensional scale sequencing(NMDS) analyses show that the dissimilarity of nekton community in different seasons varied from 69.13% to 80.77%.Therefore, the single α diversity index can not reflect the characteristics of the nekton community of the survey area effectively. The results of redundancy analysis(RDA) indicate that there is a clear relationship between seasonal heterogeneity of nekton community and environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, transparency, pH and chlorophyll a.
引文
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[21]袁华荣,陈丕茂,秦传新,等.南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(2):26-35.
[22]ZENG L,ZHOU L,GUO D L,et al.Ecological effects of dams,alien fish,and physiochemical environmental factors on homogeneity/heterogeneity of fish community in four tributaries of the Pearl River in China[J].Ecol Evol,2017,7(11):3904-3915.
[23]BEISEL J N,USSEGLIO-POLATERA P,BACHMANN V,et al.A comparative analysis of evenness index sensitivity[J].Int Rev Hydrobiol,2003,88(1):3-15.
[24]LEGENDRE P,BORCARD D,PERES-NETO P R.Analyzing beta diversity:partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data[J].Ecol Monogr,2005,75(4):435-450.
[25]FARIA A,MORAIS P,CH M A.Ichthyoplankton dynamics in the Guadiana estuary and adjacent coastal area,South-East Portugal[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,70(s1/2):85-97.
[26]SABATES A,OLIVAR M P,SALAT J,et al.Physical and biological processes controlling the distribution of fish larvae in the NW Mediterranean[J].Prog Oceanogr,2007,74(2/3):355-376.
[27]孙典荣,李渊,王雪辉.海南岛近岸海域鱼类物种组成和多样性的季节变动[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(1):1-7.
[28]沈公铭,黄经献,黄瑛,等.莱州湾渔业水域游泳动物群落特征[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(3):277-285.
[29]郭建忠.大亚湾鱼类群落结构及粒径谱特征[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2018:13-14.
[30]BLANCHARD F,le LOC'H F,HILY C.Fishing effects on diversity,size and community structure of the benthic invertebrate and fish megafauna on the Bay of Biscay coast of France[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2004,280:249-260.
[31]PORTO T J,PINTO-DA-ROCHA R,ROCHA P L B D.Regional distribution patterns can predict the local habitat specialization of arachnids in heterogeneous landscapes of the Atlantic Forest[J].Divers Distrib,2017,24(3):375-386.
[32]SUTHERLAND W J,WIEGAND T.Identification of 100 fundamental ecological questions[J].J Ecol,2013,101(1):58-67.
[33]OHMAN J,BUFFAM I,ENGLUND G,et al.Associations between water chemistry and fish community composition:a comparison between isolated and connected lakes in northern Sweden[J].Freshw Biol,2006,51(3):510-522.
[34]RIBEIRO J,BENTES L,RUI C,et al.Seasonal,tidal and diurnal changes in fish assemblages in the Ria Formosa lagoon(Portugal)[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,67(3):461-474.
[35]李捷,李新辉,贾晓平,等.连江鱼类群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5795-5805.
[36]ISLAM M S,HIBINO M,TANAKA M.Distribution and diets of larval and juvenile fishes:influence of salinity gradient and turbidity maximum in a temperate estuary in upper Ariake Bay,Japan[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,68(s1/2):62-74.
[37]LUNVEN M,GUILLAUD J F,CRASSOUS M P,et al.Nutrient and phytoplankton distribution in the Loire River plume(Bay of Biscay,France)resolved by a new Fine Scale Sampler[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2005,65(1/2):94-108.
[2]陈应华,李辉权,陈丕茂,等.大亚湾大辣甲南人工鱼礁区建设效果初步评估[J].海洋与渔业,2007(7):13-15.
[3]李娜娜,陈国宝,于杰,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁水域生物资源量声学评估[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1640-1649.
[4]陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.
[5]EVANS D O,HENDERSON B A,BAX N J,et al.Concepts and methods of community ecology applied to freshwater fisheries management[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1987,44(1):448-470.
[6]JAUREGUIZAR A J,SOLARI A,CORTéS F,et al.Fish diversity in the Rio de la Plata and adjacent waters:an overview of environmental influences on its spatial and temporal structure[J].JFish Biol,2016,89(1):569-600.
[7]HARRISON T D,WHITFIELD A K.Application of a multimetric fish index to assess the environmental condition of South African estuaries[J].Estuar Coast,2006,29(6B):1108-1120.
[8]SCHM?LCKE U,RITCHIE K.A new method in palaeoecology:fish community structure indicates environmental changes[J].Int J Earth Sci,2010,99(8):1763-1772.
[9]王雪辉,杜飞雁,邱永松,等.大亚湾鱼类群落格局分析[J].生态科学,2015,34(6):64-70.
[10]MAGURRAN A E.Ecological diversity and its measurement[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988:81-99.
[11]许友伟,江艳娥,范江涛,等.南海中部海域秋冬季中层渔业生物群落结构的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):49-56.
[12]WILHM J L.Use of biomass units in Shannon's formula[J].Ecology,1968,49:153-156.
[13]YEMANE D,FIELD J G,LESLIE R W.Exploring the effects of fishing on fish assemblages using Abundance Biomass Comparison(ABC)curves[J].ICES J Mar Sci,2005,62(3):374-379.
[14]周兴安,乔永民,王赛,等.洱海鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1569-1577.
[15]刘爱霞.休渔期前后大亚湾渔业资源变动初步研究[J].海洋与渔业,2017(2):60-61.
[16]余景,胡启伟,袁华荣,等.基于遥感数据的大亚湾伏季休渔效果评价[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(3):1-9.
[17]张文超,叶振江,田永军,等.北部湾洋浦海域鱼类群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(7):1894-1904.
[18]李忠义,吴强,单秀娟,等.渤海鱼类群落结构的年际变化[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):403-413.
[19]CASTILLO-RIVERA M,ZAVALA-HURTADO J A,ZáRATER.Exploration of spatial and temporal patterns of fish diversity and composition in a tropical estuarine system of Mexico[J].Rev Fish Biol Fisher,2002,12(2/3):167-177.
[20]郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):595-607.
[21]袁华荣,陈丕茂,秦传新,等.南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(2):26-35.
[22]ZENG L,ZHOU L,GUO D L,et al.Ecological effects of dams,alien fish,and physiochemical environmental factors on homogeneity/heterogeneity of fish community in four tributaries of the Pearl River in China[J].Ecol Evol,2017,7(11):3904-3915.
[23]BEISEL J N,USSEGLIO-POLATERA P,BACHMANN V,et al.A comparative analysis of evenness index sensitivity[J].Int Rev Hydrobiol,2003,88(1):3-15.
[24]LEGENDRE P,BORCARD D,PERES-NETO P R.Analyzing beta diversity:partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data[J].Ecol Monogr,2005,75(4):435-450.
[25]FARIA A,MORAIS P,CH M A.Ichthyoplankton dynamics in the Guadiana estuary and adjacent coastal area,South-East Portugal[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,70(s1/2):85-97.
[26]SABATES A,OLIVAR M P,SALAT J,et al.Physical and biological processes controlling the distribution of fish larvae in the NW Mediterranean[J].Prog Oceanogr,2007,74(2/3):355-376.
[27]孙典荣,李渊,王雪辉.海南岛近岸海域鱼类物种组成和多样性的季节变动[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(1):1-7.
[28]沈公铭,黄经献,黄瑛,等.莱州湾渔业水域游泳动物群落特征[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(3):277-285.
[29]郭建忠.大亚湾鱼类群落结构及粒径谱特征[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2018:13-14.
[30]BLANCHARD F,le LOC'H F,HILY C.Fishing effects on diversity,size and community structure of the benthic invertebrate and fish megafauna on the Bay of Biscay coast of France[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2004,280:249-260.
[31]PORTO T J,PINTO-DA-ROCHA R,ROCHA P L B D.Regional distribution patterns can predict the local habitat specialization of arachnids in heterogeneous landscapes of the Atlantic Forest[J].Divers Distrib,2017,24(3):375-386.
[32]SUTHERLAND W J,WIEGAND T.Identification of 100 fundamental ecological questions[J].J Ecol,2013,101(1):58-67.
[33]OHMAN J,BUFFAM I,ENGLUND G,et al.Associations between water chemistry and fish community composition:a comparison between isolated and connected lakes in northern Sweden[J].Freshw Biol,2006,51(3):510-522.
[34]RIBEIRO J,BENTES L,RUI C,et al.Seasonal,tidal and diurnal changes in fish assemblages in the Ria Formosa lagoon(Portugal)[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,67(3):461-474.
[35]李捷,李新辉,贾晓平,等.连江鱼类群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5795-5805.
[36]ISLAM M S,HIBINO M,TANAKA M.Distribution and diets of larval and juvenile fishes:influence of salinity gradient and turbidity maximum in a temperate estuary in upper Ariake Bay,Japan[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2006,68(s1/2):62-74.
[37]LUNVEN M,GUILLAUD J F,CRASSOUS M P,et al.Nutrient and phytoplankton distribution in the Loire River plume(Bay of Biscay,France)resolved by a new Fine Scale Sampler[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2005,65(1/2):94-108.
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