摘要
目的:调查四川省成都市和绵阳市6~18岁青少年近视情况及相关影响因素。方法:于2017-10/2018-05采用横断面分层整群随机抽样抽取成都市和绵阳市6~18岁在校学生4 071名,进行眼部检查和相关问卷调查。结果:本研究实际受检学生3857名(94.74%),平均年龄11.86±3.43岁,近视和高度近视患病率分别为61.21%和3.89%;6岁和18岁受检者中近视发病率分别为12.05%和86.15%。裸眼视力和日常生活视力较好眼视力≤4.7者分别占42.88%和12.37%;戴镜率为48.07%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,户外活动是近视的保护因素,而年龄、父母近视、近距离用眼、使用电子设备是近视的危险因素。结论:成都和绵阳地区青少年视力低下主要原因是近视,且随着年龄的增加,近视患病率呈逐渐增高趋势,其与年龄、父母近视、近距离用眼、使用电子设备、户外活动相关。
AIM: To investigate on myopia and related influencing factors between adolescents aged 6-18 years in Chengdu and Mianyang Area of Sichuan Province.METHODS: This cross-sectional stratified sampling study collected 4071 students aged 6-18 years from October 2017 to May 2018 in Chengdu and Mianyang City of Sichuan Province.All students underwent ocular examination and performed questionnaire survey.RESULTS: Totally 3857(94.74%) students were participated in this study with a mean age of 11.86±3.43 years.The prevalence rate of myopia and high myopia students were 61.21% and 3.89%, respectively.The prevalence rate of myopia students were 12.05% in the 6-year-old group and 86.15% in the 18-year-old group.Prevalence rates of students with uncorrected and presenting VA≤4.7 in the better eye were 42.88%, 12.37%, respectively.Among all students, 48.07% were wearing glasses.In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age, parental myopia, near work, using electronic equipment were the risk factors for myopia, outdoor activities was protective factors.CONCLUSION: The main reason for the low vision of school children in Chengdu and Mianyang Area in China is myopia.Prevalence rate of myopia students is gradually increasing with the growing of age.Myopia was associated with age, parental myopia, near wok, using electronic equipment and outdoor activities.
引文
1 Fricke TR,Holden BA,Wilson DA,et al.Global cost of correcting vision impairment from uncorrected refractive error.Bull World Health Organ 2012;90(10):728-738
2 French AN,Morgan IG,Burlutsky G,et al.Prevalence and 5- to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian schoolchildren.Ophthalmology 2013;120(7):1482-1491
3亢泽峰.中国青少年近视患病率的Meta分析.临床眼科杂志 2016;24(5):5-10
4 You QS,Wu LJ,Duan JL,et al.Factors associated with myopia in school children in China:the Beijing childhood eye study.PLoS One 2012;7(12):e52668
5何明光,林智,黄娟,等.广州市荔湾区学龄儿童屈光不正患病率的现况调查.中华眼科杂志 2008;44(6):491-496
6 Wu JF,Bi HS,Wang SM,et al.Refractive error,visual acuity and causes of vision loss in children in Shandong,China.The Shandong Children Eye Study.PLoS One 2013;8(12):e82763
7 Qian DJ,Zhong H,Li J,et al.Myopia among school students in rural China(Yunnan).Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2016;36(4):381-387
8 Yang RJ,Sheu JJ,Chen HS,et al.Morbidity at elementary school entry differs by sex and level of residence urbanization:a comparative cross-sectional study.BMC Public Health 2007;7:358
9诸晓枫,朱剑锋,邹海东,等.2010年上海市宝山区小学生屈光不正和视力损伤的患病率调查.中华实验眼科杂志 2014;32(5):451-456
10 Ye Z,Luo H,Gong B,et al.Evaluation of four genetic variants in han chinese subjects with high myopia.J Ophthalmol 2015;2015:729463
11谢红莉,毛欣杰,杨海虹,等.青少年近视与血清性激素关系分析.中华医学杂志 2014;94(17):1294-1297
12 Zhao J,Pan X,Sui R,et al.Refractive error study in children:results from Shunyi District,China.Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129(4):427-435
13 Xiang F,He M,Morgan IG.The impact of parental myopia on myopia in Chinese children:population-based evidence.Optom Vis Sci 2012;89(10):1487-1496
14 Jones LA,Sinnott LT,Mutti DO,et al.Parental history of myopia,sports and outdoor activities,and future myopia.Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48(8):3524-3532
15 You X,Wang L,Tan H,et al.Near Work Related Behaviors Associated with Myopic Shifts among Primary School Students in the JiaDing District of Shanghai:A School-based One-Year Cohort Study.PLoS One 2016;11(5):e0154671
16 Li SM,Li SY,Kang MT,et al.Near Work related parameters and Myopia in Chinese Children:the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0134514
17 He M,Xiang F,Zeng Y,et al.Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China.JAMA 2015;314(11):1142-1148
18 Galvis V,Tello A,Castellanos YA,et al.Re:Wu et al.:Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children(Ophthalmology 2013;120:1080-1085).Ophthalmology 2014;121(4):e20
19 Hsu CC,Huang N,Lin PY,et al.Prevalence and risk factors for myopia in second-grade primary school children in TaiPei:A population-based study.J Chin Med Assoc 2016;79(11):625-632
20张娟美,吴建峰,毕宏生.青少年近视发生发展的相关环境因素及机制研究进展.眼科新进展 2014;34(12):1193-1196
21赵颖熙.光照强度对豚鼠屈光发育的影响及视网膜多巴胺变化研究.复旦大学 2011
22 Hu YY,Wu JF,Lu TL,et al.Effect of cycloPlegia on the refractive status of childrn:the Shandong children eye study.PLoS One 2015;10(2):e0117482
23唐颖.青少年近视性屈光不正原瞳孔电脑验光的可行性研究.重庆医学 2010;39(5):579-580
24 Sun YY,Wei SF,Li SM,et al.Cycloplegic refraction by 1% cyclopentolate in young adults:is it the gold standard?The Anyang University Students Eye Study(AUSES).Br J Ophthalmol 2018 [Epub ahead of print]