民族文化资本对民族地区经济增长的非线性影响
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摘要
文化是经济增长的重要源泉。借助1997-2016年我国少数民族地区相关数据,本文实证分析了民族文化资本对民族地区经济增长的非线性影响。结果显示,民族地区文化资本对经济增长不仅具有显著的促进作用,而且呈现非线性影响;文化资本对民族地区经济增长的影响受到经济发展水平、人均文化事业费以及人均受教育年限的影响;人均地区生产总值、人均文化事业经费越高,人均受教育年限越高,则文化资本对经济增长的贡献度越大;此外,物质资本依然是推动民族地区经济发展的关键所在,提高第二产业比重和增加公路运营里程均能显著促进民族地区经济增长。基于此,本文提出应加强对民族文化的保护、传承和开发,加大教育投入,提高民族地区人均受教育年限等的投资。
This article presents a research on the relationship between ethnic cultures and the economic development of ethnic minority regions.The targets of this research are the five ethnic autonomous regions of China,namely,the Tibet Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and other provinces where ethnic minorities occupy a large proportion of the population,for example,Yunnan,Qinghai,and Guizhou. This paper regards the per capita outlay for cultural undertakings as the proxy variable of ethnic cultural capital, and regards per capita Gross Regional Product( GRP) as the proxy variable of economic growth in ethnic minority regions.Using this panel of data,this paper provides an empirical analysis of the influence of ethnic cultural capital on the economic growth in ethnic minority regions from 1997 to 2016. The research shows that ethnic cultural capital contributes significantly to the economic growth in ethnic regions. Moreover,the influence of ethic cultural capital on economic grouth is nonlinear. A 10% increase in ethnic cultural capital leads to a 2. 22% increase in per capita GRP. Material capital is still an important power for the economic growth in ethnic regions, and a 10% increase in material capital brings a 4. 907% increase in per capita GRP. The improvement of the level of human capital also contributes to the economic growth in ethnic regions,and 1-year increase in average number of years of education brings a 3. 97% increase in per capita GRP. And,an increase in the proportion of value-added to secondary industries to GRP can greatly boost the economic growth in ethnic regions,and,finally,the improvement of the highway transportation system can also contribute to the economic growth in ethnic regions.Ethnic cultural capital can bring a remarkable promotion to economic growth,but is this promotion stable? This question is worthy of study. This paper analyzes the non-linear influence of ethnic culture capital on economic growth from the perspectives of the level of economic development,average level of education and cultural capital. The result shows that the influence of ethnic culture capital on the economic growth in ethnic regions is definitely non-linear. The higher the per capita GRP,the greater ethnic cultural capital contributes to economic growth. The influence of ethnic culture capital on the economic growth is also affected by the per capita outlay for cultural undertakings and the average years of education. The larger the per capita outlay,the more cultural capital contributes to economic growth; the more the average years of education,the more greater the contribution cultural capital makes to economic growth.Based on the result of empirical research,this article offers suggestions to facilitate the economic development in ethnic minority regions as follows:Firstly,the government should increase the investment for cultural undertakings,and enhance the protection, transmission and development of ethnic culture. Ethnic cultural capital makes a remarkable contribution to the economic growth in ethnic minority regions,and the higher the level of cultural capital, the greater the contribution itmakes. Hence,increasing investment for cultural undertakings helps to promote the per capita GRP in ethnic minority regions,and also helps to improve the living standards there. It can also provide strong support to win the tough battle of poverty alleviation. In addition,the government should not only pay attention to the transmission and protection of the cultural capital of every ethnic group,but also to the absorption,fusion and innovation of foreign culture, so as to promote the openness and inclusiveness of ethnic cultures.Secondly,the government should increase investment for education,promote increasing the average number of years of education in ethnic minority regions,and attach importance to the cultivation of high-quality talents. Human resources are an important "intelligence " source for economic growth,and education is essential to human resource development. The longer the average number of years of education is,the greater the contribution ethnic cultural capital brings to the economic growth. Because the average number of years of education in ethnic minority regions is still low,the central government should increase investment for education in these regions,broaden investment and financing channels to lead private capital into the education industry and achieve free secondary education in stages and by regions. In addition,ethnic minority regions need more institutions of higher education so as to continually increase the proportion of ethnic minority people who receive higher education.Thirdly,the government should increase the investment for road construction,and provide more convenient transportation. At present,among those factors that influence the economic growth in ethnic minority regions,the convenience of transportation still plays an important role. The increase of highway mileage has especially greatly boosted the economic growth in these regions. The special geographical location of ethnic minority regions makes road transportation more advantageous with regard to the mobility of goods and labor. Therefore,the government should increase the investment for road construction in ethnic minority regions, improve the transportation accessibility of these regions,and expand the coverage of ethnic cultural capital both internally and externally.
This article presents a research on the relationship between ethnic cultures and the economic development of ethnic minority regions.The targets of this research are the five ethnic autonomous regions of China,namely,the Tibet Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and other provinces where ethnic minorities occupy a large proportion of the population,for example,Yunnan,Qinghai,and Guizhou. This paper regards the per capita outlay for cultural undertakings as the proxy variable of ethnic cultural capital, and regards per capita Gross Regional Product( GRP) as the proxy variable of economic growth in ethnic minority regions.Using this panel of data,this paper provides an empirical analysis of the influence of ethnic cultural capital on the economic growth in ethnic minority regions from 1997 to 2016. The research shows that ethnic cultural capital contributes significantly to the economic growth in ethnic regions. Moreover,the influence of ethic cultural capital on economic grouth is nonlinear. A 10% increase in ethnic cultural capital leads to a 2. 22% increase in per capita GRP. Material capital is still an important power for the economic growth in ethnic regions, and a 10% increase in material capital brings a 4. 907% increase in per capita GRP. The improvement of the level of human capital also contributes to the economic growth in ethnic regions,and 1-year increase in average number of years of education brings a 3. 97% increase in per capita GRP. And,an increase in the proportion of value-added to secondary industries to GRP can greatly boost the economic growth in ethnic regions,and,finally,the improvement of the highway transportation system can also contribute to the economic growth in ethnic regions.Ethnic cultural capital can bring a remarkable promotion to economic growth,but is this promotion stable? This question is worthy of study. This paper analyzes the non-linear influence of ethnic culture capital on economic growth from the perspectives of the level of economic development,average level of education and cultural capital. The result shows that the influence of ethnic culture capital on the economic growth in ethnic regions is definitely non-linear. The higher the per capita GRP,the greater ethnic cultural capital contributes to economic growth. The influence of ethnic culture capital on the economic growth is also affected by the per capita outlay for cultural undertakings and the average years of education. The larger the per capita outlay,the more cultural capital contributes to economic growth; the more the average years of education,the more greater the contribution cultural capital makes to economic growth.Based on the result of empirical research,this article offers suggestions to facilitate the economic development in ethnic minority regions as follows:Firstly,the government should increase the investment for cultural undertakings,and enhance the protection, transmission and development of ethnic culture. Ethnic cultural capital makes a remarkable contribution to the economic growth in ethnic minority regions,and the higher the level of cultural capital, the greater the contribution itmakes. Hence,increasing investment for cultural undertakings helps to promote the per capita GRP in ethnic minority regions,and also helps to improve the living standards there. It can also provide strong support to win the tough battle of poverty alleviation. In addition,the government should not only pay attention to the transmission and protection of the cultural capital of every ethnic group,but also to the absorption,fusion and innovation of foreign culture, so as to promote the openness and inclusiveness of ethnic cultures.Secondly,the government should increase investment for education,promote increasing the average number of years of education in ethnic minority regions,and attach importance to the cultivation of high-quality talents. Human resources are an important "intelligence " source for economic growth,and education is essential to human resource development. The longer the average number of years of education is,the greater the contribution ethnic cultural capital brings to the economic growth. Because the average number of years of education in ethnic minority regions is still low,the central government should increase investment for education in these regions,broaden investment and financing channels to lead private capital into the education industry and achieve free secondary education in stages and by regions. In addition,ethnic minority regions need more institutions of higher education so as to continually increase the proportion of ethnic minority people who receive higher education.Thirdly,the government should increase the investment for road construction,and provide more convenient transportation. At present,among those factors that influence the economic growth in ethnic minority regions,the convenience of transportation still plays an important role. The increase of highway mileage has especially greatly boosted the economic growth in these regions. The special geographical location of ethnic minority regions makes road transportation more advantageous with regard to the mobility of goods and labor. Therefore,the government should increase the investment for road construction in ethnic minority regions, improve the transportation accessibility of these regions,and expand the coverage of ethnic cultural capital both internally and externally.
引文
[1]李忠斌.论民族文化之经济价值及其实现方式[J].民族研究,2018(2):24-39.
[2]郑长德.深度贫困民族地区提高脱贫质量的路径研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(12):103-112.
[3]靳涛,林海燕.文化资本与经济增长:中国经验[J].经济学动态,2018(1):69-85.
[4]刘毅,王珏.文化引领:武陵山民族地区经济发展转型的未来[J].中华文化论坛,2013(7):171-175.
[5]杨茂睿,吉克麟卓.四川省民族自治地方的教育与经济发展---兼论民族地区的人才引进[J].民族学刊,2017,8(2):85-95,126-128.
[6]李明术.旅游业发展中的民族文化资本化运用---以湖北恩施自治州为例[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(5):73-76.
[7]李忠斌,李军,文晓国.基于产权视角下的民族文化旅游可持续发展研究[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016(5):69-73.
[8]陆平.文化资本视域下中国边境地区民族文化产业发展研究---以云南省普洱市为例[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(9):40-45.
[9]徐现祥,周吉梅,舒元.中国省区三次产业资本存量估计[J].统计研究,2007(5):6-13.
[10]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952-2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[11]Hansen B.E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:Estimation,testing and inference[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[12]刘毅,郑洲,赵心愚,谢圣赞,邹卓序.关于四川民族地区实施15年免费教育的调查与建议[J].决策咨询,2016(2):80-83.
Hansen B. E. Threshold Effects in non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing and Inference.In Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
Jin Tao,Lin Haiyan. wenhua ziben yu jingji zengzhang:zhongguo jingyan(Cultural Capital and Economic Growth:China's Experience). In Economic Perspectives,2018,(1):69-85.
Li Zhongbin. lun minzu wenhua zhi jingji jiazhi jiqi shixian fangshi(A Study of the Economic Value of Ethnic Cultures and the Modes of Its Realization). In Ethno-National Studies,2018,(2):24-39.
Li Mingshu. lvyouye fazhanzhong de minzu wenhua zibenhua yunyong-yi hubei enshi zizhizhou weilie(Capitalized Application of Ethnic Culture in the Development of Tourism:a Case Study of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei Province). In Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Sciences),2018,(5):73-76.
Li Zhongbin, Li Jun, Wen Xiaoguo. jiyu chanquan shijiaoxia de minzu wenhua lvyou kechixu fazhan yanjiu(Research on the Sustainable Development of Ethnic Cultural Tourism from the Perspective of Property Rights). In Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Sciences),2016,(5):69-73.
Liu Yi,Wang Jue. wenhua yinling:wulingshan minzu diqu jingji fazhan zhuanxing de weilai(Cultural Guidance:the Future of Economic Development and Transformation in Wuling Mountain Ethnic Areas). In Forum on Chinese Culture,2013,(7):171-175.
Liu Yi,Zheng Zhou,Zhao Xinyu,Xie Shengzan,Zou Zhuoxu. guanyu sichuan minzu diqu shishi 15 nian mianfei jiaoyu de diaocha yu jianyi(A Survey on and Suggestions for the Implementation of15 -year Free Education in Sichuan Ethnic Minority Areas). In Decision Consulting,2016,(2):80-83.
Lu Ping. wenhua ziben shiyuxia zhongguo bianjing diqu minzu wenhua chanye fazhan yanjiu-yi yunnansheng puershi weili(Research on the Development of Ethnic Cultural Industries in China's Border Areas from the Perspective of Cultural Capital—A Case Study of Pu'er City,Yunnan Province). In Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Humanities and Social Science),2018,(9):40-45.
Xu Xianxiang, Zhou Jimei, Shu Yuan.zhongguo shengqu sanci chanye ziben cunliang guji(Estimation of Capital Stock of Tertiary Industry in China). In Statistical Research,2007,(5):6-13.
Yang Maorui, Jieke Linzhuo. sichuansheng minzu zizhi difang de jiaoyu yu jingji fazhan-jianlun minzu diqu de rencai yinjin(Educational and Economic Development in the Ethnic Autonomous Areas of Sichuan Province—Discussion on Talent Introduction in the Ethnic Areas). In Journal of Ethnology,2017,8(2):85-95,126-128.
Zhang Jun, Wu Guiying, Zhang Jipeng.zhongguo shengji wuzhi ziben cunliang gusuan:1952-2000(Estimation of Interprovincial Physical Capital Stock in China:1952-2000).In Economic Research,2004,(10):35-44.
Zheng Changde. shendu pinkun minzu diqu tigao tuopin zhiliang de lujing yanjiu(Research on Ways to Improve the Quality of Poverty Alleviation in Deeply Poverty-stricken Ethnic Areas). In Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Humanities and Social Science),2018,(12):103-112.
[2]郑长德.深度贫困民族地区提高脱贫质量的路径研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(12):103-112.
[3]靳涛,林海燕.文化资本与经济增长:中国经验[J].经济学动态,2018(1):69-85.
[4]刘毅,王珏.文化引领:武陵山民族地区经济发展转型的未来[J].中华文化论坛,2013(7):171-175.
[5]杨茂睿,吉克麟卓.四川省民族自治地方的教育与经济发展---兼论民族地区的人才引进[J].民族学刊,2017,8(2):85-95,126-128.
[6]李明术.旅游业发展中的民族文化资本化运用---以湖北恩施自治州为例[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(5):73-76.
[7]李忠斌,李军,文晓国.基于产权视角下的民族文化旅游可持续发展研究[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016(5):69-73.
[8]陆平.文化资本视域下中国边境地区民族文化产业发展研究---以云南省普洱市为例[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(9):40-45.
[9]徐现祥,周吉梅,舒元.中国省区三次产业资本存量估计[J].统计研究,2007(5):6-13.
[10]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952-2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[11]Hansen B.E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:Estimation,testing and inference[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[12]刘毅,郑洲,赵心愚,谢圣赞,邹卓序.关于四川民族地区实施15年免费教育的调查与建议[J].决策咨询,2016(2):80-83.
Hansen B. E. Threshold Effects in non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing and Inference.In Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
Jin Tao,Lin Haiyan. wenhua ziben yu jingji zengzhang:zhongguo jingyan(Cultural Capital and Economic Growth:China's Experience). In Economic Perspectives,2018,(1):69-85.
Li Zhongbin. lun minzu wenhua zhi jingji jiazhi jiqi shixian fangshi(A Study of the Economic Value of Ethnic Cultures and the Modes of Its Realization). In Ethno-National Studies,2018,(2):24-39.
Li Mingshu. lvyouye fazhanzhong de minzu wenhua zibenhua yunyong-yi hubei enshi zizhizhou weilie(Capitalized Application of Ethnic Culture in the Development of Tourism:a Case Study of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei Province). In Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Sciences),2018,(5):73-76.
Li Zhongbin, Li Jun, Wen Xiaoguo. jiyu chanquan shijiaoxia de minzu wenhua lvyou kechixu fazhan yanjiu(Research on the Sustainable Development of Ethnic Cultural Tourism from the Perspective of Property Rights). In Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Sciences),2016,(5):69-73.
Liu Yi,Wang Jue. wenhua yinling:wulingshan minzu diqu jingji fazhan zhuanxing de weilai(Cultural Guidance:the Future of Economic Development and Transformation in Wuling Mountain Ethnic Areas). In Forum on Chinese Culture,2013,(7):171-175.
Liu Yi,Zheng Zhou,Zhao Xinyu,Xie Shengzan,Zou Zhuoxu. guanyu sichuan minzu diqu shishi 15 nian mianfei jiaoyu de diaocha yu jianyi(A Survey on and Suggestions for the Implementation of15 -year Free Education in Sichuan Ethnic Minority Areas). In Decision Consulting,2016,(2):80-83.
Lu Ping. wenhua ziben shiyuxia zhongguo bianjing diqu minzu wenhua chanye fazhan yanjiu-yi yunnansheng puershi weili(Research on the Development of Ethnic Cultural Industries in China's Border Areas from the Perspective of Cultural Capital—A Case Study of Pu'er City,Yunnan Province). In Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Humanities and Social Science),2018,(9):40-45.
Xu Xianxiang, Zhou Jimei, Shu Yuan.zhongguo shengqu sanci chanye ziben cunliang guji(Estimation of Capital Stock of Tertiary Industry in China). In Statistical Research,2007,(5):6-13.
Yang Maorui, Jieke Linzhuo. sichuansheng minzu zizhi difang de jiaoyu yu jingji fazhan-jianlun minzu diqu de rencai yinjin(Educational and Economic Development in the Ethnic Autonomous Areas of Sichuan Province—Discussion on Talent Introduction in the Ethnic Areas). In Journal of Ethnology,2017,8(2):85-95,126-128.
Zhang Jun, Wu Guiying, Zhang Jipeng.zhongguo shengji wuzhi ziben cunliang gusuan:1952-2000(Estimation of Interprovincial Physical Capital Stock in China:1952-2000).In Economic Research,2004,(10):35-44.
Zheng Changde. shendu pinkun minzu diqu tigao tuopin zhiliang de lujing yanjiu(Research on Ways to Improve the Quality of Poverty Alleviation in Deeply Poverty-stricken Ethnic Areas). In Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Humanities and Social Science),2018,(12):103-112.