清乾隆朝改划盐区探析
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摘要
清代食盐实行国家专卖制度,各个盐区划界行销,禁止越界贩卖。由于盐区最初的不合理划分,众多边缘地区官盐价格昂贵,百姓食盐不便,私盐趁机侵入,以致官盐壅积难销。为了解决此问题,乾隆帝决定改划盐区,但旋而以失败告终。究其原因,乃是两淮盐区赋税最多,税课最重,商人报效,借地势以缉私和盐区机构复杂五方面因素共同造成的。尽管乾隆改划盐区失败了,但却进一步巩固了两淮盐区的中心地位。
The salt was implemented the national monopoly system in the Qing Dynasty, and each salt area was delineated to sell specific salt. Due to the unreasonable division of the initial salt area, the price of the government salt in many marginal areas was high, the people were not convenient to buy salt and the intrusion of illegal salt, resulting in the government salt was difficult to sell. In order to solve this problem, Emperor Qianlong decided to rezone the salt areas, but it quickly ended in failure. The reason consisted of five intricate factors that the salt area of LiangHuai taxes was heavy, most assessment, the merchants served the results,then used the terrain to smuggle and the complexities of the salt district institutions. Although Emperor Qianlong failed to rezone the salt areas, it further consolidated the core status of the salt area of LiangHuai.
The salt was implemented the national monopoly system in the Qing Dynasty, and each salt area was delineated to sell specific salt. Due to the unreasonable division of the initial salt area, the price of the government salt in many marginal areas was high, the people were not convenient to buy salt and the intrusion of illegal salt, resulting in the government salt was difficult to sell. In order to solve this problem, Emperor Qianlong decided to rezone the salt areas, but it quickly ended in failure. The reason consisted of five intricate factors that the salt area of LiangHuai taxes was heavy, most assessment, the merchants served the results,then used the terrain to smuggle and the complexities of the salt district institutions. Although Emperor Qianlong failed to rezone the salt areas, it further consolidated the core status of the salt area of LiangHuai.
引文
[1] 赵尔巽.清史稿[Z].北京:中华书局,1976.
[2] 萧国亮.清代盐业制度论[J].盐业史研究,1989(1):15-25.
[3] 夏咸龙.清代两淮盐区中心地位探析[J].鸡西大学学报,2016(3):148-152.
[4] 方志远.明清湘鄂赣地区的“淮界”与私盐[J].中国经济史研究,2006(3):104-113.
[5] 中国第一历史档案馆.乾隆朝上谕档:第16册[M].北京:档案出版社,1991.
[6] 乾隆五十六年三月初七日“江西巡抚姚棻奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
[7] 乾隆元年五月初六日“两淮盐政尹会一奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
[8] 朱轼.请定盐法疏[G]//贺长龄,魏源.清经世文编.北京:中华书局,1992:1227.
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[11] 郭正忠.中国盐业史(古代编)[M].北京:人民出版社,1997.
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[15] 雍正十一年九月十六日迈柱奏折[G]//中国第一历史档案馆.雍正朝汉文朱批奏折汇编:第25册.南京:江苏古籍出版社,1991.
[16] 郑观应.盐务[G]//陈忠倚.皇朝经世文三编.上海书局石印本,1901.
[17] 中国第一历史档案馆.清高宗实录[M].北京:中华书局,1986.
[18] 乾隆二年十一月二十三日“河南巡抚尹会一奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
[2] 萧国亮.清代盐业制度论[J].盐业史研究,1989(1):15-25.
[3] 夏咸龙.清代两淮盐区中心地位探析[J].鸡西大学学报,2016(3):148-152.
[4] 方志远.明清湘鄂赣地区的“淮界”与私盐[J].中国经济史研究,2006(3):104-113.
[5] 中国第一历史档案馆.乾隆朝上谕档:第16册[M].北京:档案出版社,1991.
[6] 乾隆五十六年三月初七日“江西巡抚姚棻奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
[7] 乾隆元年五月初六日“两淮盐政尹会一奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
[8] 朱轼.请定盐法疏[G]//贺长龄,魏源.清经世文编.北京:中华书局,1992:1227.
[9] 王定安.两淮盐法志[M].光绪刻本.
[10] 黄国信.区与界:清代湘粤赣界邻地区食盐专卖研究[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006.
[11] 郭正忠.中国盐业史(古代编)[M].北京:人民出版社,1997.
[12] 脱脱.宋史[M].北京:中华书局,1985:4455.
[13] 李东阳.大明会典[M].扬州:广陵书社,2007:589.
[14] 乾隆五十六年五月初五日“两淮盐政全德奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
[15] 雍正十一年九月十六日迈柱奏折[G]//中国第一历史档案馆.雍正朝汉文朱批奏折汇编:第25册.南京:江苏古籍出版社,1991.
[16] 郑观应.盐务[G]//陈忠倚.皇朝经世文三编.上海书局石印本,1901.
[17] 中国第一历史档案馆.清高宗实录[M].北京:中华书局,1986.
[18] 乾隆二年十一月二十三日“河南巡抚尹会一奏事”[Z]//宫中档朱批奏折.(中国第一历史档案馆藏).
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