基于能耗区域感知的无线传感器网络路由算法
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摘要
如何提升无线传感器网络使用寿命,已经成为网络工业化的热点问题.信息回传(即信息的无效传播)是造成能量浪费的重要源头,严重遏制了网络寿命的延拓.针对回传造成的能量损耗以及经典LEACH协议中能量消耗不均衡问题,提出一种新型的基于能耗区域感知的无线传感器网络路由算法FA-LEACH.该算法排除死亡节点的影响,依据节点剩余能量信息建立簇头节点候选集;基于簇头节点的位置和方向信息,引入前置感知区域概念,建立评价节点重要性的指标,甄选附属于簇头节点的中继节点(即附属簇头节点);通过有选择性的附属簇头节点的信息传递,能够有效解决信息回传问题.仿真结果表明,所提算法在网络生存周期和能量均衡利用方面均优于LEACH、LEACH-C以及EEUC算法,该项路由协议可以有效提升网络的实用性.
How to improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks has become a hot issue in network industrialization.The return of information(i.e., the invalid transmission of information) is an important source of energy waste, and severely curbs the extension of network lifetime. For the problem of energy loss and imbalanced energy consumption in the classical LEACH protocol, a novel energy-balanced routing method named FA-LEACH based on forward-aware mechanism is proposed. This algorithm eliminates the effect of dead nodes and establishes the cluster head candidate set with residual energy. Based on the position and direction information of the cluster head node, the algorithm introduces the concept of pre-sensing area, establishes the index for evaluating the importance of nodes, and selects the relay nodes(i.e,sub-cluster head nodes) attached to the cluster head nodes. Through the selective transmission of information from the subcluster head nodes, the information backhaul problem is effectively solved. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to LEACH, LEACH-C, and EEUC in the terms of network lifetime and energy balance. The routing protocol can effectively enhance the practicality and application of the networks.
How to improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks has become a hot issue in network industrialization.The return of information(i.e., the invalid transmission of information) is an important source of energy waste, and severely curbs the extension of network lifetime. For the problem of energy loss and imbalanced energy consumption in the classical LEACH protocol, a novel energy-balanced routing method named FA-LEACH based on forward-aware mechanism is proposed. This algorithm eliminates the effect of dead nodes and establishes the cluster head candidate set with residual energy. Based on the position and direction information of the cluster head node, the algorithm introduces the concept of pre-sensing area, establishes the index for evaluating the importance of nodes, and selects the relay nodes(i.e,sub-cluster head nodes) attached to the cluster head nodes. Through the selective transmission of information from the subcluster head nodes, the information backhaul problem is effectively solved. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to LEACH, LEACH-C, and EEUC in the terms of network lifetime and energy balance. The routing protocol can effectively enhance the practicality and application of the networks.
引文
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[14] Zhou Y, Wang N, Xiang W. Clustering hierarchy protocol in wireless sensor networks using an improved PSO algorithm[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 3(13):2241-2253.
[15]刘壮,房至一,张春飞,等.基于能耗转移与数据作用力的无线传感器网络节能修正算法[J].吉林大学学报:工学版, 2012, 42(5):1237-1242.(Liu Z, Fang Z Y, Zhang C F, et al. Energy-efficient amendatory algorithm based on energy-consumption transference and data gravitation in wireless sensor networks[J]. J of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition, 2012, 42(5):1237-1242.)
[2]刘三阳,胡亚静,张朝辉.基于RSSI测距的DV-Hop算法[J].控制与决策, 2017, 32(10):1900-1904.(Liu S Y, Hu Y J, Zhang Z H. Improved DV-Hop localization method based on RSSI[J]. Control and Decision, 2017, 32(10):1900-1904.)
[3] Lang C, Xiang M. Wireless sensor network:Routing protocol and data management[M]. Beijing:Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2013:16-32.
[4]罗小元,李昊,王金然,等.无线传感器网络拓扑三级分簇优化算法[J].控制与决策, 2016, 31(6):1099-1104.(Luo X Y, Li H, Wang J R, et al. A three-layer hierarchical architecture for topology optimization clustering of wireless sensor networks[J]. Control and Decision, 2016,31(6):1099-1104.)
[5] Heinzelman W B, Chandrakasan A P, Balakrishnan H.An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless micro sensor networks[J]. IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications, 2002, 1(4):660-670.
[6] Tripathi M, Battula R B, Gaur M S, et al. Energy efficient clustered routing for wireless sensor network[C].2013 IEEE 9th Int Conf on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks. Dalian:IEEE, 2013:330-335.
[7] Lu Y, Liu X W, Li M. Study on energy-saving routing algorithm based on wireless sensor network[J]. J of Computers, 2017, 28(4):227-235.
[8] Jerbi W, Guermazi A, Trabelsi H. O-leach of routing protocol for wireless sensor network[C]. The13th Int Conf on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization(CGIV). Beni Mellal:CPS, 2016:399-404.
[9]毕晓君,刁鹏飞.基于引力搜索算法的异构无线传感器网络路由分簇算法[J].控制与决策, 2017, 32(3):563-569.(Bi X J, Diao P F. Routing and clustering algorithm heterogeneous wireless sensor networks based on gravitational search algorithm[J]. Control and Decision,2016, 32(3):563-569.)
[10]钟智,罗大庸,刘少强,等.具有移动sink的无线传感器网络能量均衡分簇路由协议[J].控制与决策, 2012,27(8):1211-1215.(Zhong Z, Luo D Y, Liu S Q, et al. Energy-balanced clustering routing protocol in wireless sensor networks with a mobile sink[J]. Control and Decision, 2012, 27(8):1211-1215.)
[11] Li C F, Ye M, Chen G, et al. An energy-efficient unequal clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks[C].IEEE Int Conf Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.Washington:IEEE, 2005:8-15.
[12] Chang X, Liu S. A feasible method for sensor network localization[J]. Optimization Methods&Software, 2017,32(5):1-19.
[13] Chang Y C, Tang H Y, Li B Q, et al. Distributed joint optimization routing algorithm based on the analytic hierarchy process for wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2017, 21(12):2718-2721.
[14] Zhou Y, Wang N, Xiang W. Clustering hierarchy protocol in wireless sensor networks using an improved PSO algorithm[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 3(13):2241-2253.
[15]刘壮,房至一,张春飞,等.基于能耗转移与数据作用力的无线传感器网络节能修正算法[J].吉林大学学报:工学版, 2012, 42(5):1237-1242.(Liu Z, Fang Z Y, Zhang C F, et al. Energy-efficient amendatory algorithm based on energy-consumption transference and data gravitation in wireless sensor networks[J]. J of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition, 2012, 42(5):1237-1242.)
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