2016年12月8日新疆呼图壁M_S6.2地震发震构造初步研究
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摘要
2016年12月8日呼图壁县发生M_S6.2地震,由于初始定位误差较大,余震序列分布离散,对呼图壁地震的发震断层尚不清楚。本研究采用CAP方法反演主震及余震中M_S≥3.5地震的震源机制解,并采用双差定位方法对余震进行重定位,得到了637个地震的震源参数。结果显示,呼图壁地震主震的最佳双力偶节面解为:节面Ⅰ走向82°,倾角18°,滑动角61°;节面Ⅱ走向292°,倾角74°,滑动角98°。其中节面Ⅱ为本次地震的破裂面。重定位后,主震的震源位置被重定为(86.36°E,43.79°N),震源深度14 km,根据余震的分布特点、震源机制解特征和区域构造特征,呼图壁地震的发震断层并不是南倾的准噶尔南缘断裂,而是在其北边的霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁断裂带上的一个反冲断层。在北天山区域内,由于构造反转的作用,存在诸多倾角在45°～55°之间的北倾的断层。根据GPS的资料显示,天山北部地区的应力在新生代晚期已开始积累,这增加了天山北部前缘的发震概率。
On December 8, 2016, an M_S6.2 earthquake occurred in Hutubi County, Xinjiang. Given the large uncertainty in initial earthquake location, the aftershock sequence was discrete, and the causative fault of Hutubi earthquake remains unknown. In this study, the CAP method was used to invert the focal mechanism solutions of the main earthquake and aftershocks(M_S≥3.5). Aftershocks were relocated by double-difference location algorithm. We obtained the source parameters of 637 earthquakes. The results show that the focal mechanism solution of Hutubi earthquake featured a strike, dip, and rake of 82°, 18°, and 61°, respectively, on the first nodal plane and 292°, 74°, and 98° on the second nodal plane. The earthquake involved a nodal surface Ⅱ rupture of. After relocation, the Hutubi earthquake was relocated at 86.36° E, 43.79° N, with a depth of 14 km. According to the distribution characteristics, focal mechanism solution characteristics, and regional structure characteristics of aftershocks, we inferred that the seismogenic fault of the Hutubi earthquake was not the southern Junggar fault but a back thrust fault on the Huoerguosi—Manas—Tugulu fault. In the northern Tianshan, structural inversion causes the formation of numerous faults in the north dip with inclination angles between 45° and 55°. According to Global Positioning System data, stress in the northern part of Tianshan accumulated in the Late Cenozoic, thus increasing the probability of earthquakes.
On December 8, 2016, an M_S6.2 earthquake occurred in Hutubi County, Xinjiang. Given the large uncertainty in initial earthquake location, the aftershock sequence was discrete, and the causative fault of Hutubi earthquake remains unknown. In this study, the CAP method was used to invert the focal mechanism solutions of the main earthquake and aftershocks(M_S≥3.5). Aftershocks were relocated by double-difference location algorithm. We obtained the source parameters of 637 earthquakes. The results show that the focal mechanism solution of Hutubi earthquake featured a strike, dip, and rake of 82°, 18°, and 61°, respectively, on the first nodal plane and 292°, 74°, and 98° on the second nodal plane. The earthquake involved a nodal surface Ⅱ rupture of. After relocation, the Hutubi earthquake was relocated at 86.36° E, 43.79° N, with a depth of 14 km. According to the distribution characteristics, focal mechanism solution characteristics, and regional structure characteristics of aftershocks, we inferred that the seismogenic fault of the Hutubi earthquake was not the southern Junggar fault but a back thrust fault on the Huoerguosi—Manas—Tugulu fault. In the northern Tianshan, structural inversion causes the formation of numerous faults in the north dip with inclination angles between 45° and 55°. According to Global Positioning System data, stress in the northern part of Tianshan accumulated in the Late Cenozoic, thus increasing the probability of earthquakes.
引文
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[8] 李艳永,王成虎,杨佳佳.呼图壁地区震源机制解及构造应力场特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2018,38(12):1246-1250.LIYanyong,WANG Chenghu,YANG Jiajia.The Focal Mechanism Solution and Stress Field Inversion of Earthquake Along Hutubi[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics,2018 ,38(12):1246-1250.
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[11] ZHU Lupei,HELMBERGER D V.Advancement in Source Estimation Techniques Using Broadband Regional Seismograms[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86(5):1634-1641.
[12] 郑勇,马洪生,吕坚,等.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其发震构造关系[J].中国科学:D辑(地球科学),2009,39(4):413-426.ZHENG Yong,MA Hongsheng,Lü Jian,et al.Focal Mechanism Solution and Seismogenic Tectonic Relationship of Strong Aftershocks (MS≥5.6) in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Science in China:D Series,2009,39(4):413-426.
[13] 韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军,等.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):111-119.WEI Shengji,NI Sidao,CHONG Jiajun,et al.The 16 August 2003 Chifeng Earthquake:It’s a Lower Crust Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):111-119.
[14] 吕苗苗,丁志峰,徐小明,等.2012年彝良MS5.7和MS5.6地震序列重定位和震源机制解特征[J].地震学报,2015,37(6):885-898.Lü Miaomiao,DING Zhifeng,XU Xiaoming,et al.Relocations and Focal Mechanism Solutions Characteristics of 2012 Yiliang MS5.7 and MS5.6 Earthquake Sequence[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2015,37(6):885-898.
[15] 朱艾斓,徐锡伟,刁桂苓,等.汶川MS8.0地震部分余震重新定位及地震构造初步分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):759-767.ZHU Ailan,XU Xiwei,DIAO Guiling,et al.Relocation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Sequence in Part:Preliminary Sesimotectonic Analysis[J].Seismology And Geology,2008,30(3):759-757.
[16] 房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.四川庐山MS7.0级地震及其余震序列重定位[J].科学通报,2013,58.FANG Lihua,WU Jianping,WANG Weilai,et al.Relocation ofMainshock and Aftershock Sequences of MS7.0 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin.,2013,58.
[17] 房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.2014年新疆于田MS7.3级地震序列重定位[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):802-808.FANG Lihua,WU Jianping,WANG Weilai,et al.Relocation of the 2014 MS7.3 Earthquake Sequence in Yutian,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(3):802-808.
[18 ] ZHAO Junmeng,LIU Guodong,LU Zaoxun.Lithospheric Structure and Dynamic Processes of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt and the Junggar basin[J].Tectonophysics,2003,376:199-239.
[19] 李杰.陈刚.魏文薪,等.基于GPS观测的北天山主要断裂现今构造运动特征研究[J].地震学报,2016,38(5):751-760.LI Jie,CHEN Gang,WEI Wenxin,et al.Characteristics of Present-day Tectonics Movement of Typical Faults in Northern Tianshanmountain Deduced from GPS Observation[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2016,38(5):751-760.
[20] 管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.晚新生代以来天山南、北麓冲断作用的定量分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):725-744.GUAN Shuwei,LIBenliang,HE Dengfa,et al.Late Cenozoic Active Fold-and-thrust Belts in the Southern and Northern Flanks of Tianshan[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2007,81(6):725-744.
[21] GUAN Shuwei,STOCKMEYER J M,SHAW J H,et al.Structural Inversion,Imbricate Wedging,and Out-of-sequence Thrusting in the Southern Junggar Fold-and-thrust Belt,Northern Tian Shan,China[J].AAPG Bulletin 100,2016,NO.9,1443-1468.
[22] 李丽,陈正乐,蒋荣宝,等.天山后峡盆地晚中生代反冲断层的发现及其地质意义[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2097-2103.LI Li,CHEN Zhengle,JIANG Rongbao,et al.Late MesozoicBackthrusts in Houxian Basin within Tianshan Orogeny,Xinjiang,Chian and its geological implications[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(12):2097-2103.
[23] ABDRAKHMATOV K Y,ALDAZHAOV S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively Recent Construction of the Tien Shan Inferred from GPS Measurements of Present-day Crustal Deformation Rates[J].Nature,1996,384,no.6608,450-453.
[24] REIGBER C,MICHEL G W,GALAS R,et al.New Space Geodetic Constraints on the Distribution of Deformation in Central Asia[J]Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2001,191,157-165.
[25] SOBEL E R,CHEN Jie,HEERMANCE R V.Late Oligocene-early Miocene Initiation of Shortening in the Southwestern Chinese Tian Shan:Implication for Neogene shortening rate variations[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett,2006,247,70-81.
(1)新疆维吾尔自治区地震局,呼图壁地震灾害调查评估报告,2016.
[2] 邓启东.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.DENG Qidong.Activity Structure of Tianshan[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2000.
[3] 王东振,赵斌,余建胜,等.大规模GPS揭示中国现今地壳构造形变特征[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(3):521-526.WANG Dongzhen,ZHAO Bin,YU Jiansheng,et al.Present-day Crustal Tectonic Deformation Characteristics of China Inferred From Large-scale GPS[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,39(3):521-526,544.
[4] 张培震,邓启东,杨晓平,等.天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题[J].中国地震,1996,12(2):127-140.ZHANG Peizhen,DENGQidong ,YANG Xiaoping,et al.Late Cenozoic Tectonic Deformation and Mechanism Along the Tianshan Mountain,Northwestern China[J].Earthquake Research in China,1996,12(2):127-140.
[5] 张培震,邓启东,徐锡伟,等.盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震[J].地震地质,1994,16(3):193-203.ZHANG Peizhen,DENG Qidong,XU Xiwei,et al.Blind thrust,Folding Earthquake,and the 1906 ,Manas Earthquake,Xinjiang[J].Seismology And Geology,1994,16(3):193-203.
[6] 赵博,高原,黄志斌,等.四川庐山MS7.0地震余震序列双差定位、震源机制及应力场反演[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(10):3385-3395.ZHAO Bo,GAO Yuan,HUANG Zhibin,et al.Double Difference Relocation,Focal Mechanism and Stress Inversion of Lushan MS7.0 Earthquake Sequence[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(10):3385-3395.
[7] 张志斌,李艳永,朱浩清,等.2014年7月9日麦盖提MS5.1地震震源机制解与发震断层研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2015,36(6):2-7.ZHANG Zhibin,LIYanyong,ZHU Haoqing,et al.Analysis of Focal Mechanism Solution and Seismic Fault of Markit MS5.1 Earthquake on July 9,2014[J].Seismological And Geomagnetic Observation And Research,2015,36(6):2-7.
[8] 李艳永,王成虎,杨佳佳.呼图壁地区震源机制解及构造应力场特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2018,38(12):1246-1250.LIYanyong,WANG Chenghu,YANG Jiajia.The Focal Mechanism Solution and Stress Field Inversion of Earthquake Along Hutubi[J].Journal of geodesy and geodynamics,2018 ,38(12):1246-1250.
[9] WALDHAUSER F,ELLSWORTH W.A Double-difference Earthquake Location Algorithm:Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bull SeismolSoc Am,2000,90(6):1353-1368.
[10] ZHAO Lianshe,HELMBERGER D V.Source Estimation from Broadband Regional Seismograms[J].Bull SeisSocAmer,1994,84(1):91-104.
[11] ZHU Lupei,HELMBERGER D V.Advancement in Source Estimation Techniques Using Broadband Regional Seismograms[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1996,86(5):1634-1641.
[12] 郑勇,马洪生,吕坚,等.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其发震构造关系[J].中国科学:D辑(地球科学),2009,39(4):413-426.ZHENG Yong,MA Hongsheng,Lü Jian,et al.Focal Mechanism Solution and Seismogenic Tectonic Relationship of Strong Aftershocks (MS≥5.6) in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Science in China:D Series,2009,39(4):413-426.
[13] 韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军,等.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):111-119.WEI Shengji,NI Sidao,CHONG Jiajun,et al.The 16 August 2003 Chifeng Earthquake:It’s a Lower Crust Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):111-119.
[14] 吕苗苗,丁志峰,徐小明,等.2012年彝良MS5.7和MS5.6地震序列重定位和震源机制解特征[J].地震学报,2015,37(6):885-898.Lü Miaomiao,DING Zhifeng,XU Xiaoming,et al.Relocations and Focal Mechanism Solutions Characteristics of 2012 Yiliang MS5.7 and MS5.6 Earthquake Sequence[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2015,37(6):885-898.
[15] 朱艾斓,徐锡伟,刁桂苓,等.汶川MS8.0地震部分余震重新定位及地震构造初步分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):759-767.ZHU Ailan,XU Xiwei,DIAO Guiling,et al.Relocation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Sequence in Part:Preliminary Sesimotectonic Analysis[J].Seismology And Geology,2008,30(3):759-757.
[16] 房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.四川庐山MS7.0级地震及其余震序列重定位[J].科学通报,2013,58.FANG Lihua,WU Jianping,WANG Weilai,et al.Relocation ofMainshock and Aftershock Sequences of MS7.0 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin.,2013,58.
[17] 房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.2014年新疆于田MS7.3级地震序列重定位[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):802-808.FANG Lihua,WU Jianping,WANG Weilai,et al.Relocation of the 2014 MS7.3 Earthquake Sequence in Yutian,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(3):802-808.
[18 ] ZHAO Junmeng,LIU Guodong,LU Zaoxun.Lithospheric Structure and Dynamic Processes of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt and the Junggar basin[J].Tectonophysics,2003,376:199-239.
[19] 李杰.陈刚.魏文薪,等.基于GPS观测的北天山主要断裂现今构造运动特征研究[J].地震学报,2016,38(5):751-760.LI Jie,CHEN Gang,WEI Wenxin,et al.Characteristics of Present-day Tectonics Movement of Typical Faults in Northern Tianshanmountain Deduced from GPS Observation[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2016,38(5):751-760.
[20] 管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.晚新生代以来天山南、北麓冲断作用的定量分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):725-744.GUAN Shuwei,LIBenliang,HE Dengfa,et al.Late Cenozoic Active Fold-and-thrust Belts in the Southern and Northern Flanks of Tianshan[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2007,81(6):725-744.
[21] GUAN Shuwei,STOCKMEYER J M,SHAW J H,et al.Structural Inversion,Imbricate Wedging,and Out-of-sequence Thrusting in the Southern Junggar Fold-and-thrust Belt,Northern Tian Shan,China[J].AAPG Bulletin 100,2016,NO.9,1443-1468.
[22] 李丽,陈正乐,蒋荣宝,等.天山后峡盆地晚中生代反冲断层的发现及其地质意义[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2097-2103.LI Li,CHEN Zhengle,JIANG Rongbao,et al.Late MesozoicBackthrusts in Houxian Basin within Tianshan Orogeny,Xinjiang,Chian and its geological implications[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(12):2097-2103.
[23] ABDRAKHMATOV K Y,ALDAZHAOV S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively Recent Construction of the Tien Shan Inferred from GPS Measurements of Present-day Crustal Deformation Rates[J].Nature,1996,384,no.6608,450-453.
[24] REIGBER C,MICHEL G W,GALAS R,et al.New Space Geodetic Constraints on the Distribution of Deformation in Central Asia[J]Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2001,191,157-165.
[25] SOBEL E R,CHEN Jie,HEERMANCE R V.Late Oligocene-early Miocene Initiation of Shortening in the Southwestern Chinese Tian Shan:Implication for Neogene shortening rate variations[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett,2006,247,70-81.
(1)新疆维吾尔自治区地震局,呼图壁地震灾害调查评估报告,2016.
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