青藏高原地区草原生态旅游资源及其SWOT分析——以若尔盖草原为例
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摘要
[目的]草原旅游属于草地农业生态系统的前植物生产层,是草地资源开发利用和绿色草产业可持续发展的新方向。青藏高原草原面积巨大,具有地域特色鲜明、动植物资源丰富、文化底蕴深厚、区位优势明显及潜在的生态风险等特点,为了满足草原旅游活动和草原生态保护的双重目的,促进高寒草原旅游的可持续发展。[方法]运用SWOT分析法,以川西北若尔盖草原旅游资源及开发利用为例,对其草原生态旅游资源的优势(S)、劣势(W)、机遇(O)和挑战(T)进行分析。[结果]若尔盖草原旅游产业具有品牌、资源、区位和知名度四大优势,并存季节性不平衡、基础设施不完善和体验性较差三大劣势,具有国家及地方政策规划、公众追求自然回归原始需求的两大机遇,同时面临草地资源保护
Grassland tourism belongs to the pre-plant production level of grassland-farming ecosystem,which is a new orientation on grassland resources utility and sustainable development. Qinghai-Tibet plateau has huge grassland area,distinctive regional characteristics,abundant animal and plant resources,profound culture,obvious geographical advantages and potential ecological risk,so tourism in alpine meadows is becoming more and more popular. In order to satisfy the dual purposes of grassland tourism activities and grassland ecological protection,promote the sustainable development of grassland tourism,the method of SWOT analysis with strength( S),weakness( W),opportunity( O) and threat( T) was used to evaluate the Eco-tourism development of Zoige meadow. Features of grassland eco-tourism industry in Zoige alpine meadow were showed as follows,four strengths were good brand, resources, location and popularity; three weakness were seasonal imbalance, imperfect infrastructure and poor experience; two opportunities were national and local policy planning and public pursuit of natural return to original demand,respectively. At the same time,it faced two threats and challenges of grassland resources protection and utilization,diversification of demand and homogeneity of scenic spots. Based on the concept of sustainable development,the countermeasures of grassland utilization and development are put forward from the perspective of eco-tourism,and it should follow the principles of protection first and capacity limits,set up the ecological view of " learning from eco-tourism",highlight the folklore and culture of the grassland,establish the reasonable partition and grading protection, improve the infrastructure and calculate the threshold of tourist capacity. Meanwhile,family pasture economy should standardize herdsmen 's management behavior,strengthen supervision and ensure sustainable development of eco-tourism.
Grassland tourism belongs to the pre-plant production level of grassland-farming ecosystem,which is a new orientation on grassland resources utility and sustainable development. Qinghai-Tibet plateau has huge grassland area,distinctive regional characteristics,abundant animal and plant resources,profound culture,obvious geographical advantages and potential ecological risk,so tourism in alpine meadows is becoming more and more popular. In order to satisfy the dual purposes of grassland tourism activities and grassland ecological protection,promote the sustainable development of grassland tourism,the method of SWOT analysis with strength( S),weakness( W),opportunity( O) and threat( T) was used to evaluate the Eco-tourism development of Zoige meadow. Features of grassland eco-tourism industry in Zoige alpine meadow were showed as follows,four strengths were good brand, resources, location and popularity; three weakness were seasonal imbalance, imperfect infrastructure and poor experience; two opportunities were national and local policy planning and public pursuit of natural return to original demand,respectively. At the same time,it faced two threats and challenges of grassland resources protection and utilization,diversification of demand and homogeneity of scenic spots. Based on the concept of sustainable development,the countermeasures of grassland utilization and development are put forward from the perspective of eco-tourism,and it should follow the principles of protection first and capacity limits,set up the ecological view of " learning from eco-tourism",highlight the folklore and culture of the grassland,establish the reasonable partition and grading protection, improve the infrastructure and calculate the threshold of tourist capacity. Meanwhile,family pasture economy should standardize herdsmen 's management behavior,strengthen supervision and ensure sustainable development of eco-tourism.
引文
[1]朱天龙.草原旅游发展与生态保护研究——以希拉穆仁草原为例.呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2016.
[2]方精云.我国草原牧区呼唤新的草业发展模式.科学通报,2016,61(2):137-138.
[3]任继周,李向林,侯扶江.草地农业生态学研究进展与趋势.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1017-1021.
[4]马林.内蒙古草原生态旅游开发战略探讨.干旱区资源与环境,2004(4):65-71.
[5]于代松,张良,徐小东.川西北地区旅游发展的约束与对策.成都纺织高等专科学校学报,2011(3):10-13.
[6]赵艳.论川西少数民族地区草原生态旅游资源的开发与保护.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(1):227-230.
[7]热娜,李瑞年,沙吾列,等.新疆新疆草原生态旅游的SWOT分析及对策建议.经济研究导刊,2011,138(28):196-198.
[8]沈海花,朱言坤,赵霞,等.中国草地资源的现状分析.科学通报,2016,61(2):139-154.
[9]郝晓兰.基于利益相关者理论的草原旅游发展研究——以锡林郭勒盟为例.内蒙古大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010(2):86-90.
[10] Bryan B. Ecotourismon family farms and ranches inthe American west. Nature Tourism:Management for the Environment Washington DC:IslandPress,1991:75-85.
[11] Robin W,Siobhan M. Pilot analysis of global ecosystems. Washington D C:World Resources Institute,2000.
[12]沈政,李军,张也.探析经济增长与保持草原生态——基于EKC理论的实证分析.中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(3):51-57.
[13]孙鸿烈.中国资源科学百科全书.北京:石油大学出版社,2000.
[14]喇明英.关于川西高原旅游业“区域统筹”发展战略的思考.西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(11):124-128.
[15]周俗,唐川江,张新跃.四川省草原生态的主要问题及治理对策.草业科学,2004(12):28-32.
[16]高生珠,赵宏,韩占军,等.草地旅游业与草地可持续发展.农业科学研究,2006(3):93-96.
[17]王庆锁,张玉发,罗菊春,等.人为干扰对浑善达克沙地东部森林——草原交错带的影响及其恢复治理的生态对策.自然资源学报,1999(1):28-34.
(1)引自四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区生态旅游规划(2016—2025年)
[2]方精云.我国草原牧区呼唤新的草业发展模式.科学通报,2016,61(2):137-138.
[3]任继周,李向林,侯扶江.草地农业生态学研究进展与趋势.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1017-1021.
[4]马林.内蒙古草原生态旅游开发战略探讨.干旱区资源与环境,2004(4):65-71.
[5]于代松,张良,徐小东.川西北地区旅游发展的约束与对策.成都纺织高等专科学校学报,2011(3):10-13.
[6]赵艳.论川西少数民族地区草原生态旅游资源的开发与保护.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(1):227-230.
[7]热娜,李瑞年,沙吾列,等.新疆新疆草原生态旅游的SWOT分析及对策建议.经济研究导刊,2011,138(28):196-198.
[8]沈海花,朱言坤,赵霞,等.中国草地资源的现状分析.科学通报,2016,61(2):139-154.
[9]郝晓兰.基于利益相关者理论的草原旅游发展研究——以锡林郭勒盟为例.内蒙古大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010(2):86-90.
[10] Bryan B. Ecotourismon family farms and ranches inthe American west. Nature Tourism:Management for the Environment Washington DC:IslandPress,1991:75-85.
[11] Robin W,Siobhan M. Pilot analysis of global ecosystems. Washington D C:World Resources Institute,2000.
[12]沈政,李军,张也.探析经济增长与保持草原生态——基于EKC理论的实证分析.中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(3):51-57.
[13]孙鸿烈.中国资源科学百科全书.北京:石油大学出版社,2000.
[14]喇明英.关于川西高原旅游业“区域统筹”发展战略的思考.西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(11):124-128.
[15]周俗,唐川江,张新跃.四川省草原生态的主要问题及治理对策.草业科学,2004(12):28-32.
[16]高生珠,赵宏,韩占军,等.草地旅游业与草地可持续发展.农业科学研究,2006(3):93-96.
[17]王庆锁,张玉发,罗菊春,等.人为干扰对浑善达克沙地东部森林——草原交错带的影响及其恢复治理的生态对策.自然资源学报,1999(1):28-34.
(1)引自四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区生态旅游规划(2016—2025年)
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