岩溶山区县级成熟型资源城市经济发展空间差异及演化——以四川省兴文县为例
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摘要
以乡镇为基本单元,通过乡镇组别人均GDP差异、泰尔指数和分离系数探讨近10年来(2006-2015年)岩溶山区县级成熟型资源城市四川省兴文县经济发展空间差异及演化。结果表明:近10年来该县乡镇间人均GDP的绝对与相对差异、泰尔指数(由0.108 8上升到0.169 7,上升了55.97%)和乡镇组别间分离系数(由2.404 1上升到2.841 4)均持续上升,经济发展差异呈增大趋势。乡镇组别内经济差异比乡镇组别间差异大(对总体差异的平均贡献率分别为70.43%和29.51%),而乡镇组别间经济差异的上升幅度(76.21%)高于乡镇组别内的上升幅度(47.94%)。乡镇组别泰尔指数均值排序为:矿业组(0.237 0)>工业组(0.062 4)>旅游与矿业组(0.058 1)>农业组(0.010 8),工业、矿业和农业等乡镇组别的泰尔指数分别上升了193.13%、27.69%和20.18%,而旅游与矿业组则下降了30.95%。经济发展过度依赖资源、工业园区建设、宏观经济影响、旅游开发单一、农业整体滞后且不均衡等是该县经济发展空间差异及演化的主要原因。今后应实施多元产业综合发展、各类乡镇因地制宜实施差异化发展、注重经济发展与环境保护的协调统一等策略。
Xingwen county is located in the transition zone between Sichuan basin and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. It covers an area of 1,373 km~2 and has jurisdiction over 15 townships with a population of 484,000 and an urbanization rate of 33.19%. The terrain in the county gradually rises from north to south, and large areas of karst landforms occur in the middle and south. There are typical Xingwen-type karsts in Xingwen Stone Field World Geopark. Xingwen county belongs to matured resource-based city at county-level in karst mountainous area, which is dominated by coal, pyrite and limestone mines. Taking the villages and towns of the county as the basic unit, and the last 10 years(2006-2015) as the research period, 15 townships of Xingwen county which is a mountainous and matured resource-based city in karst region at a county level are divided into 4 township groups, namely mining group, tourism and mining group, agriculture group and industry group. The spatial differences and evolution of economic development during the last 10 years(2006-2015) in the county were discussed through analyzing per capita GDP, Theil Index, and separation coefficient. Results show that difference of per capita GDP, Theil Index(increased from 0.1088 to 0.1697, up to 55.97%), and the separation coefficient among villages and towns(the separation factor increased from 2.4041 to 2.8414) have been rising, with an economic spatial difference increasing in the county over the last 10 years. Economic differences in 4 township groups are larger than that among township groups(mean contribution rates for total difference are respectively 70.43% and 29.51%), but rising extent of economic difference among 4 township groups(76.21%) is higher than that in township groups(47.94%). Average Theil index sequence of township groups is as follows, mining group(0.2370)>industrial group(0.0624)> tourism and mining group(0.0581) > agricultural group(0.0108). The Theil Indices of industrial group, mining group and agricultural group increased by 193.13%, 27.69% and 20.18%, respectively, while that of tourism and mining group decreased by 30.95%. The main reasons for spatial difference and evolution of economic development in the county include, economic development being over reliance on resources, development of industrial townships being accelerated by establishment of industrial park, macro-economic effect on mining townships being obvious, double restrictions for tourism and mining townships concluding single exploitation of tourism resources and macro-economic effect on mining, economic development of agricultural township being overall lag and imbalance and so on. In order to promote industrial restructuring and regional coordinated development, these measures should be taken, such as implementing comprehensive development of diversified industries, carrying out differentiated development according to local conditions for the 4 township groups, and paying attention to coordination between economic development and environmental protection, and so on.
Xingwen county is located in the transition zone between Sichuan basin and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. It covers an area of 1,373 km~2 and has jurisdiction over 15 townships with a population of 484,000 and an urbanization rate of 33.19%. The terrain in the county gradually rises from north to south, and large areas of karst landforms occur in the middle and south. There are typical Xingwen-type karsts in Xingwen Stone Field World Geopark. Xingwen county belongs to matured resource-based city at county-level in karst mountainous area, which is dominated by coal, pyrite and limestone mines. Taking the villages and towns of the county as the basic unit, and the last 10 years(2006-2015) as the research period, 15 townships of Xingwen county which is a mountainous and matured resource-based city in karst region at a county level are divided into 4 township groups, namely mining group, tourism and mining group, agriculture group and industry group. The spatial differences and evolution of economic development during the last 10 years(2006-2015) in the county were discussed through analyzing per capita GDP, Theil Index, and separation coefficient. Results show that difference of per capita GDP, Theil Index(increased from 0.1088 to 0.1697, up to 55.97%), and the separation coefficient among villages and towns(the separation factor increased from 2.4041 to 2.8414) have been rising, with an economic spatial difference increasing in the county over the last 10 years. Economic differences in 4 township groups are larger than that among township groups(mean contribution rates for total difference are respectively 70.43% and 29.51%), but rising extent of economic difference among 4 township groups(76.21%) is higher than that in township groups(47.94%). Average Theil index sequence of township groups is as follows, mining group(0.2370)>industrial group(0.0624)> tourism and mining group(0.0581) > agricultural group(0.0108). The Theil Indices of industrial group, mining group and agricultural group increased by 193.13%, 27.69% and 20.18%, respectively, while that of tourism and mining group decreased by 30.95%. The main reasons for spatial difference and evolution of economic development in the county include, economic development being over reliance on resources, development of industrial townships being accelerated by establishment of industrial park, macro-economic effect on mining townships being obvious, double restrictions for tourism and mining townships concluding single exploitation of tourism resources and macro-economic effect on mining, economic development of agricultural township being overall lag and imbalance and so on. In order to promote industrial restructuring and regional coordinated development, these measures should be taken, such as implementing comprehensive development of diversified industries, carrying out differentiated development according to local conditions for the 4 township groups, and paying attention to coordination between economic development and environmental protection, and so on.
引文
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[22] 罗怀良.亚热带西部山地平原交错带全域旅游发展研究:以四川省洪雅县为例[J].国土资源科技管理,2017,34(3):23-34.
[23] 王兴贵,税伟,陈毅萍,等.兴文喀斯特与中国南方喀斯特旅游资源对比研究[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):255-263.
[24] 戴代新.我国文化旅游资源保护与利用的误区及对策:以宜宾市僰文化旅游开发研究为例[J].同济大学学报:社会科学版,2010,21(1):46-51,78.
[25] 罗怀良,袁道先,陈浩.近50年来重庆南川市三泉镇喀斯特区农田生态系统的演替分析[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(3):230-236.
[26] 陈晓清,李发斌,崔鹏,等.兴文县新华硫铁矿地质环境恢复治理[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(6):761-766.
[2] 陆大道.统筹兼顾,全面部署,资源型城市可持续发展迈入新阶段[J].国土资源,2014(1):10-11.
[3] 郑伯红,张方,廖荣华.资源型城市核心竞争力的演变与调控:以冷水江市为例[J].人文地理,2002,17(6):15-19.
[4] 张文忠,王岱,余建辉.资源型城市接续替代产业发展路径与模式研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2011,26(2):134-141.
[5] 马克,李军国.我国资源型城市可持续发展的实践与探索:国内资源枯竭型城市十年经济转型经验与展望[J].经济纵横,2012(8):1-7.
[6] 关兴良,方创琳,罗奎.基于空间场能的中国区域经济发展差异评价[J].地理科学,2012,32(9):1055-1065.
[7] 罗怀良.改革开放以来中国资源(枯竭)型城市转型实践[J].四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,38(5):774-781.
[8] 陈国阶,方一平,高延军.中国山区发展报告:中国山区发展新动态与新探索[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010:36-57.
[9] 张继飞,邓伟,刘邵权.西南山地资源型城市地域空间发展模式:基于东川区的实证[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1206-1215.
[10] 《兴文县志》编纂委员会.《兴文县志》(1996-2005) [M].北京:方志出版社,2010:1987,81-84,192-196,598-607,710-768.
[11] 朱学稳,张任,张元海,等.四川兴文石林区的喀斯特与洞穴[J].中国岩溶,1995,14(增):28-48.
[12] 徐建华,鲁凤,苏方林,等.中国区域经济差异的时空尺度分析[J].地理研究,2005,24(1):57-68.
[13] 刘慧.区域差异测度方法与评价[J].地理研究,2006,25(4):710-718.
[14] 陈洪全,张云峰.江苏沿海经济发展的区域差异及空间格局演变[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):283-288.
[15] 李缙荣,张小洪.基于能值和产业视角的兴文县可持续发展评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1989-1996.
[16] 沈镭,高丽.中国西部能源及矿业开发与环境保护协调发展研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(10):17-23.
[17] 李倩,张文忠,王岱.地理学视角下的独立工矿区研究[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1092-1101.
[18] 张文忠,王岱.中国资源型城市的城镇化特征和发展途径选择[J].中国国土资源经济,2014(6):12-17.
[19] 申勇.我县页岩气开发项目正式投入产气[OL].[2016-12-12].www.scxwx.gov.cn/index/details/tid/5605.hmtl.
[20] 袁俊宏.我国硫与硫铁矿产业现状及市场分析[J].硫酸工业,2016(5):10-17.
[21] 许吉黎,焦华富.成熟期煤炭资源型城市社会空间结构研究:以安徽省淮南市为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):61-68.
[22] 罗怀良.亚热带西部山地平原交错带全域旅游发展研究:以四川省洪雅县为例[J].国土资源科技管理,2017,34(3):23-34.
[23] 王兴贵,税伟,陈毅萍,等.兴文喀斯特与中国南方喀斯特旅游资源对比研究[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):255-263.
[24] 戴代新.我国文化旅游资源保护与利用的误区及对策:以宜宾市僰文化旅游开发研究为例[J].同济大学学报:社会科学版,2010,21(1):46-51,78.
[25] 罗怀良,袁道先,陈浩.近50年来重庆南川市三泉镇喀斯特区农田生态系统的演替分析[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(3):230-236.
[26] 陈晓清,李发斌,崔鹏,等.兴文县新华硫铁矿地质环境恢复治理[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(6):761-766.
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