不同嫁接方式及不同中间砧嫁接对黄瓜果实品质及挥发性风味物质的影响
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摘要
以‘津优35号’黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)为接穗,‘伊丽莎白’、‘东方脆甜’、‘景甜F_1’甜瓜(C.melo)为中间砧,‘威盛一号’南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)为根砧,采用中间砧嫁接方法,设黄瓜自根苗、常规嫁接苗、黄瓜/‘伊丽莎白’/南瓜、黄瓜/‘东方脆甜’/南瓜和黄瓜/‘景甜F_1’/南瓜的中砧嫁接苗等5个处理,以黄瓜自根苗为对照,探究不同嫁接方式及不同品种的甜瓜中间砧嫁接对黄瓜果实品质及挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明:嫁接显著改变黄瓜果实外观指标,与常规嫁接相比,中间砧嫁接不同程度地提高了黄瓜果实的可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、干物质、可溶性糖、维生素C及可溶性固形物含量,同时降低了可滴定酸、鞣质、硝酸盐含量。中间砧嫁接处理挥发性物质的种类和含量均高于常规嫁接和自根苗。‘东方脆甜’中间砧嫁接黄瓜的综合品质及产量明显高于其他两个中间砧嫁接处理。因此较好的嫁接方式为中间砧嫁接,且较好的中间砧品种为‘东方脆甜’。
This experiment was carried out to study the effects of grafting methods and graftings with different varieties of melon(Cucumis melo) interstocks on fruit quality and volatile compounds in cucumber(C. sativus), using ‘Jinyou 35' cucumber as the scion, ‘Elizabeth', ‘Oriental crisp sweet' and ‘Jingtian F_1' melons as the interstocks, and ‘Weisheng No.1' pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata) as the root stock. We used the cucumber selfrooted seedlings as the control, and designed five treatments, such as cucumber self-rooted seedlings, conventional grafted seedlings, cucumber/‘Elizabeth'/pumpkin, cucumber/‘Oriental crisp sweet'/pumpkin and cucumber/‘Jingtian F_1'/pumpkin grafted seedlings. The results show that the appearance quality indices of cucumber fruit were significantly changed by grafting. Compared to conventional grafting, the contents of soluble protein, free amino acid, dry matter, soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in cucumber fruit were increased by interstock grafting, and the contents of titratable acid, tannin and nitrate were decreased. The types and contents of volatile substances in the grafted interstock were higher than those in the conventional grafting and self-rooted seedlings. The comprehensive quality and yield of ‘Oriental crisp sweet' were apparently higher than other varieties. Therefore, the best grafting method is interstock grafting, and the best interstock is ‘Oriental crisp sweet'.
This experiment was carried out to study the effects of grafting methods and graftings with different varieties of melon(Cucumis melo) interstocks on fruit quality and volatile compounds in cucumber(C. sativus), using ‘Jinyou 35' cucumber as the scion, ‘Elizabeth', ‘Oriental crisp sweet' and ‘Jingtian F_1' melons as the interstocks, and ‘Weisheng No.1' pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata) as the root stock. We used the cucumber selfrooted seedlings as the control, and designed five treatments, such as cucumber self-rooted seedlings, conventional grafted seedlings, cucumber/‘Elizabeth'/pumpkin, cucumber/‘Oriental crisp sweet'/pumpkin and cucumber/‘Jingtian F_1'/pumpkin grafted seedlings. The results show that the appearance quality indices of cucumber fruit were significantly changed by grafting. Compared to conventional grafting, the contents of soluble protein, free amino acid, dry matter, soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in cucumber fruit were increased by interstock grafting, and the contents of titratable acid, tannin and nitrate were decreased. The types and contents of volatile substances in the grafted interstock were higher than those in the conventional grafting and self-rooted seedlings. The comprehensive quality and yield of ‘Oriental crisp sweet' were apparently higher than other varieties. Therefore, the best grafting method is interstock grafting, and the best interstock is ‘Oriental crisp sweet'.
引文
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Rouphael Y,Cardarelli M,Colla G,et al(2008).Yield,mineral composition,water relations,and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation.HortScience,43(3):730-736
Shi J,Li FF,Ma H,et al(2016).Effects of different interstocks on key enzymes activities and the expression of genes related to malic acid metabolism in apple fruit.Acta Hortic Sin,43(1):132-140(in Chinese with English abstract)[史娟,李方方,马宏(2016).不同中间砧对苹果果实苹果酸代谢关键酶活性及其相关基因表达的影响.园艺学报,43(1):132-140]
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Zhang N,Bi YF,Guo J,et al(2016).Changes of PAL,PPOand POD activities in melon with different resistances after inoculated with Didymella bryoniae.Plant Physiol J,52(8):1169-1175(in Chinese with English abstract)[张宁,毕研飞,郭静等(2016).不同抗性甜瓜接种蔓枯病菌后PAL、PPO与POD活性的变化.植物生理学报,52(8):1169-1175]
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Zhang Y,Liu SQ,Zhang ZK,et al(2011).Effect of melon interstock on the growth and fruit quality of grafted cucumber.Sci Agr Sin,44(13):2730-2737(in Chinese with English abstract)[张宇,刘世琦,张自坤等(2011).甜瓜中间砧对嫁接黄瓜生长和果实品质的影响.中国农业科学,44(13):2730-2737]
Zhao LL,Jiang ZW,Song LQ,et al(2014).Effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality and aroma components of red general Fuji apple.Acta Agr Boreali Sin,29(S1):234-238(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵玲玲,姜中武,宋来庆等(2014).不同砧木对红将军苹果果实品质和香气物质的影响.华北农学报,29(S1):234-238]
Zhao S,Shi G,Dong X(2002).Techniques of plant physiology experiment.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press(in Chinese)[赵世杰,史国安,董新纯(2002).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社]
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Chen LP,Song ZJ,Ma XZ,et al(2004).Effect of grafting on quality of cucumber in solar-greenhouse.Acta Agr Boreal Occident Sin,13(2):170-171(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈利平,宋增军,马兴庄等(2004).嫁接对日光温室黄瓜产品品质的影响.西北农业学报,13(2):170-171]
Chen XL,Yang QC,Zhang X,et al(2017).Effects of green LED light on the growth and quality of lettuce.Sci Agr Sin,50(21):4170-4177(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈晓丽,杨其长,张馨等(2017).LED绿光补光模式对生菜生长及品质的影响.中国农业科学,50(21):4170-4177]
Gao FS,Wang L,Xu K(2014).Comprehensive evaluation of relationship between rootstocks and yield and quality in grafting tomato.Sci Agr Sin,47(3):605-612(in Chinese with English abstract)[高方胜,王磊,徐坤(2014).砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价.中国农业科学,47(3):605-612]
King SR,Davis AR,Liu W,et al(2008).Grafting for disease resistance.HortScience,43(6):1673-1676
Li FF,Zhang HP,He ZS,et al(2014).Effects of bagging on soluble sugars,organic acids,and aroma compounds in Pyrus sinkiangensis‘Korla Xiangli’fruit.Acta Hortic Sin,41(7):1443-1450(in Chinese with English abstract)[李芳芳,张虎平,何子顺等(2014).套袋对‘库尔勒香梨’果实糖酸组分与香气成分的影响.园艺学报,41(7):1443-1450]
Li HL,Wang ML,Yu XC,et al(2006).Effect of different scions/rootstocks on quality of cucumber fruits in greenhouse.Sci Agr Sin,39(8):1611-1616(in Chinese with English abstract)[李红丽,王明林,于贤昌等(2006).不同接穗/砧木组合对日光温室黄瓜果实品质的影响.中国农业科学,39(8):1611-1616]
Li HN,Ge SF,Men YG,et al(2014).Effect of SH6 dwarfing interstock on N absorption,distribution and storage characteristic in apple saplings.Acta Hortic Sin,41(5):851-858(in Chinese with English abstract)[李洪娜,葛顺峰,门永阁等(2014).苹果树矮化中间砧SH6对幼树氮素吸收、分配和贮藏的影响.园艺学报,41(5):851-858]
Li P,Zhang HS,Niu GX(2009).Research on the extraction methods of tannin from persimmon leaf.Sci Technol Food Ind,30(9):220-222(in Chinese with English abstract)[李鹏,张海生,牛国霞(2009).柿叶单宁提取技术研究.食品工业科技,30(9):220-222]
Li S,Zhang H,Jin H,et al(2018).Effects of rhizosphere high temperature on growth,photosynthesis and biochemical indexes of grafted cucumber seedlings on different rootstocks.Chin Agr Sci Bull,34(1):61-67(in Chinese with English abstract)[李思思,张红梅,金海军等(2018).根际高温对不同砧木黄瓜嫁接幼苗生长、光合及生理特性的影响.中国农学通报,34(1):61-67]
Liu RQ,Zhang HM,Xu JH,et al(2003).Effects of rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelon.JShanghai Jiaotong Univ Agr Sci,21(4):289-294(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘润秋,张红梅,徐敬华等(2003).砧木对嫁接西瓜生长及品质的影响.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),21(4):289-294]
Lopez-Galarza S,San Bautista A,Perez DM,et al(2004).Effect of grafting and cytokinin-induced fruit setting on colour and sugar-content traits in glasshouse-grown triploid watermelon.J Hortic Sci Biotechnol,79(6):971-976
Meng F,Liu S,Sun X,et al(2012).Effects of melon interstock on growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelon.Acta Agr Boreal Occident Sin,21(6):112-117(in Chinese with English abstract)[孟凡鲁,刘世琦,孙秀东(2012).甜瓜中间砧对嫁接西瓜生长及品质的影响.西北农业学报,21(6):112-117]
Niu Z,Wang X,Meng Y,et al(1996).Influence of rootstocks on the contents of volatile aroma compounds in the flesh of some apple varieties.J Fruit Sci,13(3):153-156(in Chinese with English abstract)[牛自勉,王贤苹,孟玉萍等(1996).不同砧木苹果品种果肉香气物质含量的变化.果树科学,13(3):153-156]
Pérez AG,Olías R,Luaces P,et al(2002).Biosynthesis of strawberry aroma compounds through amino acid metabolism.J Agr Food Chem,50:4037-4042
Ren S,Tang J(2016).Seedling raising and early maturing cultivation techniques of watermelon with two segments of anvil and double paste grafting.Shanghai Veget,(2):70-72(in Chinese)[任淑年,唐家雨(2016).西瓜两段砧双贴嫁接育苗及早熟栽培技术.上海蔬菜,(2):70-72]
Rouphael Y,Cardarelli M,Colla G,et al(2008).Yield,mineral composition,water relations,and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation.HortScience,43(3):730-736
Shi J,Li FF,Ma H,et al(2016).Effects of different interstocks on key enzymes activities and the expression of genes related to malic acid metabolism in apple fruit.Acta Hortic Sin,43(1):132-140(in Chinese with English abstract)[史娟,李方方,马宏(2016).不同中间砧对苹果果实苹果酸代谢关键酶活性及其相关基因表达的影响.园艺学报,43(1):132-140]
Sun SJ,Fu CY,Song Y,et al(2017).Effect of low root-zone temperature on growth and 15N uptake and distribution characteristics in grafted cucumber seedling root.Plant Physiol J,53(8):1545-1552(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙世君,付崇毅,宋阳等(2017).根区低温对嫁接的黄瓜幼苗根系生长和15N吸收分配的影响.植物生理学报,53(8):1545-1552]
Toor RK,Savage GP(2005).Antioxidant activity in different fractions of tomatoes.Food Res Int,38(5):487-494
Wang L,Gao FS,Xu K(2017).Effect of rootstock-scion interaction on plant growth and leaf carbon-nitrogen assimilation in overwintering tomato.Plant Physiol J,53(9):1695-1702(in Chinese with English abstract)[王磊,高方胜,徐坤(2017).砧穗互作对越冬番茄生长及叶片碳氮同化能力的影响.植物生理学报,53(9):1695-1702]
Wang X,Huang J(2015).Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.3rd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,118-119(in Chinese)[王学奎,黄见良(2015).植物生理生化实验原理与技术.第3版.北京:高等教育出版社,118-119]
Zhang GW,Yi ZZ,Yi H,et al(2008).Extraction of tannin from pomegranate rind and its physical properties analysis.J Anhui Agr Sci,36(18):7529-7530(in Chinese with English abstract)[张国伟,易中周,矣辉等(2008).蒙自石榴皮中鞣质的提取及其物性分析.安徽农业科学,36(18):7529-7530]
Zhang HM,Jin HJ,Yu JZ,et al(2007).Effects of different pumpkin rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of grafted cucumber.J Inner Mongolia Agr Univ,28(3):177-181(in Chinese with English abstract)[张红梅,金海军,余纪柱等(2007).不同南瓜砧木对嫁接黄瓜生长和果实品质的影响.内蒙古农业大学学报,28(3):177-181]
Zhang N,Bi YF,Guo J,et al(2016).Changes of PAL,PPOand POD activities in melon with different resistances after inoculated with Didymella bryoniae.Plant Physiol J,52(8):1169-1175(in Chinese with English abstract)[张宁,毕研飞,郭静等(2016).不同抗性甜瓜接种蔓枯病菌后PAL、PPO与POD活性的变化.植物生理学报,52(8):1169-1175]
Zhang X,Guo Z,Ji H,et al(2015).A new technique of grafting and raising seedlings of muskmelon with thick skin and double roots in early spring greenhouse.Northwest Hortic,(9):24-25(in Chinese)[张小平,郭智勇,纪辉等(2015).早春大棚厚皮甜瓜双根嫁接育苗新技术.西北园艺,(9):24-25]
Zhang Y,Liu SQ,Zhang ZK,et al(2011).Effect of melon interstock on the growth and fruit quality of grafted cucumber.Sci Agr Sin,44(13):2730-2737(in Chinese with English abstract)[张宇,刘世琦,张自坤等(2011).甜瓜中间砧对嫁接黄瓜生长和果实品质的影响.中国农业科学,44(13):2730-2737]
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