基于GIS的呼和浩特市近百年街道时空演变及其特征分析
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摘要
以历史文化名城——呼和浩特市城区为研究区,以GIS为技术平台,运用现代地图、古地图、遥感影像数据以及史料和现代文献,制作了6个典型时期历史街道GIS数据,定量与定性相结合分析了研究区近百余年的街道时空演变过程及其特征。结果显示:研究区近百年的街道时空演变具有"摊饼式"空间扩展特征、先集聚后分散的空间演变特征;解放初期至改革开放时期的街道演变具有向内填充式发展与向北缓慢扩展相结合演变的特点,而快速城市化时期研究区新增街道以原归化、绥远城为中心向四周延伸,呈现出向外扩展的空间演变特征;百余年后的今天,原归化城内的街巷基本消失,而绥远城内的街道基本上保持了清代的棋盘式格局;人口增加、城市规划与建设、集聚与分散以及地质地貌条件等是研究区街道时空演变的主要驱动因素。
Hohhot is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. It is not only the forward position in the construction of the"China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor", but also one of the important supporting points for the economic development in the northern border of China. The article uses GIS as the technology platform, taking Hohhot as the research area, and adopts modern cartography, ancient maps, remote sensing image data, historical recordsand modern literature to producea GIS data of the streets during 6 typical historical periods. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods are used to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution process of the streets for nearly 100 years as well as its characteristics. The results show that in the nearly 100 years from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the 21 st century, the streets of the study areashad gradually formed the 3-dimensional network system combining expressways, ring roads, main roads,avenue, side streets, and lanes from an disorderly street system combined with a checkerboard type. nowadays.The spatial-temporal evolution of streets in the study areaspossesses the characteristics of"spreading pie like"spacial expansion, and of spatial evolution which gather first and then disperse.The study areas expended from9 km2 in the late Qing Dynasty to 256.48 km2 in 2016, about 28.49 times extended. Compared with the periods of late Qing and early Ming Dynasties, the streets in 2016 extended and expanded from the scope of the original Guihua City and Suiyuan City to the surrounding areas. From the early years after liberation to the reform and opening-up period, the evolution of streets was characterized by the combination of inward-filling development and slow northward expansion. During the period of rapid urbanization, the newly-added streets in the study areas extended aroundthese 2 cities in question, showing the features of spatial evolutionof outward expansion. Today, more than 100 years later, the streets and lanes in the original Guihua city have basically disappeared, while the streets in Suiyuan City have basically maintained the chessboard pattern of the Qing Dynasty. The main driving factors for the spatial-temporal evolution of the streets in the study areas include population growth, urban planning and construction, agglomeration and dispersion, as well as geological features.
Hohhot is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. It is not only the forward position in the construction of the"China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor", but also one of the important supporting points for the economic development in the northern border of China. The article uses GIS as the technology platform, taking Hohhot as the research area, and adopts modern cartography, ancient maps, remote sensing image data, historical recordsand modern literature to producea GIS data of the streets during 6 typical historical periods. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods are used to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution process of the streets for nearly 100 years as well as its characteristics. The results show that in the nearly 100 years from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the 21 st century, the streets of the study areashad gradually formed the 3-dimensional network system combining expressways, ring roads, main roads,avenue, side streets, and lanes from an disorderly street system combined with a checkerboard type. nowadays.The spatial-temporal evolution of streets in the study areaspossesses the characteristics of"spreading pie like"spacial expansion, and of spatial evolution which gather first and then disperse.The study areas expended from9 km2 in the late Qing Dynasty to 256.48 km2 in 2016, about 28.49 times extended. Compared with the periods of late Qing and early Ming Dynasties, the streets in 2016 extended and expanded from the scope of the original Guihua City and Suiyuan City to the surrounding areas. From the early years after liberation to the reform and opening-up period, the evolution of streets was characterized by the combination of inward-filling development and slow northward expansion. During the period of rapid urbanization, the newly-added streets in the study areas extended aroundthese 2 cities in question, showing the features of spatial evolutionof outward expansion. Today, more than 100 years later, the streets and lanes in the original Guihua city have basically disappeared, while the streets in Suiyuan City have basically maintained the chessboard pattern of the Qing Dynasty. The main driving factors for the spatial-temporal evolution of the streets in the study areas include population growth, urban planning and construction, agglomeration and dispersion, as well as geological features.
引文
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(5)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“舆地志·区村”.
(1)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“建置志·城市”.
(2)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“舆地志·区村”.其中,1方里=0.25 km2.
(3)约6 662.5 km2,这里指整个厚和市的面积;厚和市即今呼和浩特市.
(1)呼和浩特市建设局.解放以来呼和浩特城市建设概况.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:340-341.
(2)建文.刚解放时的呼和浩特.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:338-339.
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(3)呼和浩特市建设局.解放以来呼和浩特城市建设概况.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:344-345.
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(1)[清]张鹏翮.奉使俄罗斯日记.小方壶斋舆地丛钞,第三帙第三册:263.
(2)[清]钱良择.出塞纪略.小方壶斋舆地丛钞,第三帙第三册:277.
(3)[清]范昭达.从西纪略.小方壶斋舆地丛钞,第二帙第一册:40.
(4)佟靖仁校注.绥远城驻防志(满汉合璧四卷本).呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社,1991年:135页所附图《绥远城衙署庙院全图》.绘制该图的具体时间不清,但是能确定是乾隆二年(1737年)至民国六年间的图,再据《绥远城驻防志》第161、162页的关于街道的记载,将其作为清末绥远城的底图.
(5)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“舆地志·区村”.
(1)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“建置志·城市”.
(2)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“舆地志·区村”.其中,1方里=0.25 km2.
(3)约6 662.5 km2,这里指整个厚和市的面积;厚和市即今呼和浩特市.
(1)呼和浩特市建设局.解放以来呼和浩特城市建设概况.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:340-341.
(2)建文.刚解放时的呼和浩特.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:338-339.
(1)[民国]郑植昌,鄭裕孚纂修.归绥县志.1934年(民国二十三年)铅印本:“民族志·户口”.
(2)建文.刚解放时的呼和浩特.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:338-339.
(3)呼和浩特市建设局.解放以来呼和浩特城市建设概况.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:344-345.
(1)任斌.建国以来内蒙古城市规划和建设工作的回顾.内蒙古文史资料(第四十八辑),1995:82-92.
(2)呼和浩特市建设局.解放以来呼和浩特城市建设概况.呼和浩特史料(第一集),1983:342.
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