基于GIS的库岸滑坡滑速计算方法
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摘要
结合GIS(geographic information systems,地理信息系统)的空间数据处理能力,将潘家铮法从二维扩展到三维,提出一个基于栅格柱体单元的库岸滑坡滑速计算方法。建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维滑坡滑速计算分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间计算表达式。其次,通过对计算模型进行受力分析,结合牛顿运动定律,选取了沿滑体滑动方向和垂直方向来建立动力平衡方程,从而求解三维滑坡滑速。在GIS中开发出一个三维滑坡滑速计算扩展模块,并通过实例与潘家铮法所得结果进行对比。结果表明,该方法比潘家铮法计算的最大速度结果大15.2%,比启动加速度结果大32.8%,比达到最大速度的滑动时间短1 s。
Combined with the spatial data processing capabilities of GIS, a calculation method for reservoir bank landslide speed based on grid column elements was proposed. The Pan Jiazheng method was extended from two-dimensional to three-dimensional. A three-dimensional(3D) landslide speed calculation model based on grid column elements was first established, and the spatial computational expression of each parameter in GIS was clearly specified. Secondly, based on the Newton's law of motion, the dynamic equilibrium equations were established along and perpendicular to the sliding direction to derive the three-dimensional landslide speed. Finally, an expanded module of 3D landslide speed calculation was embedded in GIS platform, and the result of a case study was compared with that obtained from the Pan Jiazheng method. The results showed that compared to results from the Pan Jiazheng method, the maximum speed calculated by the method in this paper is 15.2 % higher and the acceleration is 32.8 % higher, and 1 s shorter for reaching the maximum speed.
Combined with the spatial data processing capabilities of GIS, a calculation method for reservoir bank landslide speed based on grid column elements was proposed. The Pan Jiazheng method was extended from two-dimensional to three-dimensional. A three-dimensional(3D) landslide speed calculation model based on grid column elements was first established, and the spatial computational expression of each parameter in GIS was clearly specified. Secondly, based on the Newton's law of motion, the dynamic equilibrium equations were established along and perpendicular to the sliding direction to derive the three-dimensional landslide speed. Finally, an expanded module of 3D landslide speed calculation was embedded in GIS platform, and the result of a case study was compared with that obtained from the Pan Jiazheng method. The results showed that compared to results from the Pan Jiazheng method, the maximum speed calculated by the method in this paper is 15.2 % higher and the acceleration is 32.8 % higher, and 1 s shorter for reaching the maximum speed.
引文
[1]汪洋,殷坤龙.水库库岸滑坡涌浪的传播与爬高研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(4):1031-1034.WANG Yang,YIN Kun-long.Research on propagation and climb height of surge triggered by landslide in reservoir[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(4):1031-1034.
[2]汪洋,殷坤龙.水库库岸滑坡初始涌浪叠加的摄动方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):717-720.WANG Yang,YIN Kun-long.Perturbation method of superposing initial surge height of landslide along reservoir shoreline[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):717-720.
[3]刘艺梁.三峡库区库岸滑坡涌浪灾害研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2013.LIU Yi-liang.Research on landslide-induced surge in three gorges reservoir area[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),2013.
[4]岳书波,刁明军,王磊.滑坡涌浪的初始形态及其衰减规律的研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(6):816-825.YUE Shu-bo,DIAO Ming-jun,WANG Lei.Research on initial formation and attenuation of landslide-generated waves[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(06):816-825.
[5]黄波林,殷跃平,陈小婷,等.地质灾害涌浪研究综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):112-118+127.HUANG Bo-lin,YIN Yue-ping,CHEN Xiao-ting,et al.Areview on impulse wave generated by geohazards[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):112-118+127.
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[7]潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[M].北京:水利出版社,1980:120-132.PAN Jia-zheng.Stability of construction against sliding and landslide analysis[M].Beijing:Water Conservancy Press,1980:120-132.
[8]黄锦林,张婷,李嘉琳.库岸滑坡涌浪经验估算方法对比分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):133-140.HUANG Jin-lin,ZHANG Ting,LI Jia-lin.Comparative analysis of empirical estimate methods of reservoir bank landslide surge[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Suppl.1):133-140.
[9]代云霞,殷坤龙,汪洋.滑坡速度计算及涌浪预测方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增刊1):407-411.DAI Yun-xia,YIN Kun-long,WANG Yang.Discussion on method of landslide velocity calculation and surge prediction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(Suppl.1):407-411.
[10]马斌,张涛,李浩韡.雅砻江流域滑坡涌浪对库区的影响[J].水利水运工程学报,2016(5):47-53.MA Bin,ZHANG Tao,LI Hao-wei.Impacts of landslide-generated waves of Yalong river basin on reservoir area[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2016(5):47-53.
[11]陈玺,李守义,孙平,等.考虑压脚措施下滑坡涌浪经验估算法对比研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(4):131-136.CHEN Xi,LI Shou-yi,SUN Ping,et al.The comparative study of the empirical estimation of landslide surge under the measure of pressing foot[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(4):131-136.
[12]黄锦林,钟志辉,张明飞.基于垂直条分法改进计算式的库岸滑坡滑速分析[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):555-560.HUANG Jin-lin,ZHONG Zhi-hui,ZHANG Ming-fei.Sliding velocity analysis of reservoir bank landslides based on the improved vertical slice method[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(05):555-560.
[13]谢谟文,蔡美峰.信息边坡工程学的理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2005.XIE Mo-wen CAI Mei-feng.Theory and practice of information slope engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[14]谢谟文,周国云.基于GIS空间数据库的三维边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1494-1499.XIE Mo-wen,ZHOU Guo-yun.Stability analysis of 3Dslope based on GIS spatial database[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(10):1494-1499.
[15]谢谟文,江崎哲郎,周国云.基于边坡单元的三维滑坡灾害评价的GIS方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):969-976.XIE Mo-wen,TETSURO Esaki,ZHOU Guo-yun.GISmethod for slope-unit-based 3D landslide hazard evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):969-976.
[16]李春雷,谢谟文,李晓璐.基于GIS和概率积分法的北洺河铁矿开采沉陷预测及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(6):1243-1250.LI Chun-lei,XIE Mo-wen,LI Xiao-lu.GIS and probability integral based approach for subsidence prediction and application to BeiMinghe iron mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(6):1243-1250.
[17]许波,谢谟文,胡嫚.基于GIS空间数据的滑坡SPH粒子模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(9):2696-2705.XU Bo,XIE Mo-wen,HU Man.SPH landslide model based on GIS spatial data[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(9):2696-2705.
[18]XIE M,ESAKI T,ZHOU G,et al.GIS-based 3D critical slope stability analysis and landslide hazard assessment[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,2003,129(12):1109-1118.
[19]余国,谢谟文,郑正勤,等.基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法研究[J].岩土力学,2019,40(4):1397-1404,1412.YU Guo,XIE Mo-wen,ZHENG Zheng-qin,et al.Research on slope stability calculation method based on GIS[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2019,40(4):1397-1404.
[20]张涛.雅砻江流域滑坡涌浪对库区的影响分析[D].天津:天津大学,2016.ZHANG Tao.Analysis on the landslide-generated waves of yalong river basin and its impact on reservoir area[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016.
[2]汪洋,殷坤龙.水库库岸滑坡初始涌浪叠加的摄动方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):717-720.WANG Yang,YIN Kun-long.Perturbation method of superposing initial surge height of landslide along reservoir shoreline[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):717-720.
[3]刘艺梁.三峡库区库岸滑坡涌浪灾害研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2013.LIU Yi-liang.Research on landslide-induced surge in three gorges reservoir area[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),2013.
[4]岳书波,刁明军,王磊.滑坡涌浪的初始形态及其衰减规律的研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(6):816-825.YUE Shu-bo,DIAO Ming-jun,WANG Lei.Research on initial formation and attenuation of landslide-generated waves[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(06):816-825.
[5]黄波林,殷跃平,陈小婷,等.地质灾害涌浪研究综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):112-118+127.HUANG Bo-lin,YIN Yue-ping,CHEN Xiao-ting,et al.Areview on impulse wave generated by geohazards[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):112-118+127.
[6]徐国宾.河工学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011:805-809.XU Guo-bin.River engineering[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2011:805-809.
[7]潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[M].北京:水利出版社,1980:120-132.PAN Jia-zheng.Stability of construction against sliding and landslide analysis[M].Beijing:Water Conservancy Press,1980:120-132.
[8]黄锦林,张婷,李嘉琳.库岸滑坡涌浪经验估算方法对比分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):133-140.HUANG Jin-lin,ZHANG Ting,LI Jia-lin.Comparative analysis of empirical estimate methods of reservoir bank landslide surge[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Suppl.1):133-140.
[9]代云霞,殷坤龙,汪洋.滑坡速度计算及涌浪预测方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增刊1):407-411.DAI Yun-xia,YIN Kun-long,WANG Yang.Discussion on method of landslide velocity calculation and surge prediction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(Suppl.1):407-411.
[10]马斌,张涛,李浩韡.雅砻江流域滑坡涌浪对库区的影响[J].水利水运工程学报,2016(5):47-53.MA Bin,ZHANG Tao,LI Hao-wei.Impacts of landslide-generated waves of Yalong river basin on reservoir area[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2016(5):47-53.
[11]陈玺,李守义,孙平,等.考虑压脚措施下滑坡涌浪经验估算法对比研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(4):131-136.CHEN Xi,LI Shou-yi,SUN Ping,et al.The comparative study of the empirical estimation of landslide surge under the measure of pressing foot[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(4):131-136.
[12]黄锦林,钟志辉,张明飞.基于垂直条分法改进计算式的库岸滑坡滑速分析[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):555-560.HUANG Jin-lin,ZHONG Zhi-hui,ZHANG Ming-fei.Sliding velocity analysis of reservoir bank landslides based on the improved vertical slice method[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(05):555-560.
[13]谢谟文,蔡美峰.信息边坡工程学的理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2005.XIE Mo-wen CAI Mei-feng.Theory and practice of information slope engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[14]谢谟文,周国云.基于GIS空间数据库的三维边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1494-1499.XIE Mo-wen,ZHOU Guo-yun.Stability analysis of 3Dslope based on GIS spatial database[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(10):1494-1499.
[15]谢谟文,江崎哲郎,周国云.基于边坡单元的三维滑坡灾害评价的GIS方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):969-976.XIE Mo-wen,TETSURO Esaki,ZHOU Guo-yun.GISmethod for slope-unit-based 3D landslide hazard evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):969-976.
[16]李春雷,谢谟文,李晓璐.基于GIS和概率积分法的北洺河铁矿开采沉陷预测及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(6):1243-1250.LI Chun-lei,XIE Mo-wen,LI Xiao-lu.GIS and probability integral based approach for subsidence prediction and application to BeiMinghe iron mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(6):1243-1250.
[17]许波,谢谟文,胡嫚.基于GIS空间数据的滑坡SPH粒子模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(9):2696-2705.XU Bo,XIE Mo-wen,HU Man.SPH landslide model based on GIS spatial data[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(9):2696-2705.
[18]XIE M,ESAKI T,ZHOU G,et al.GIS-based 3D critical slope stability analysis and landslide hazard assessment[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,2003,129(12):1109-1118.
[19]余国,谢谟文,郑正勤,等.基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法研究[J].岩土力学,2019,40(4):1397-1404,1412.YU Guo,XIE Mo-wen,ZHENG Zheng-qin,et al.Research on slope stability calculation method based on GIS[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2019,40(4):1397-1404.
[20]张涛.雅砻江流域滑坡涌浪对库区的影响分析[D].天津:天津大学,2016.ZHANG Tao.Analysis on the landslide-generated waves of yalong river basin and its impact on reservoir area[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016.
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