风电产业创新政策有效性研究
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摘要
产业创新政策对微观企业创新绩效的作用效果是当前学术界和政策制定者关注的核心问题。文章将企业创新系统划分为知识获取和技术创新两阶段,并以2006-2016年我国部委及以上级别部门发布的219项风电产业创新政策为研究对象,基于复杂适应系统理论构建"两阶段政策刺激-创新绩效"分析框架,探讨了产业创新政策的微观传导渗透路径和在创新系统不同阶段的作用效果及作用机理。研究表明:单一政策工具在技术创新阶段并无显著影响,但在知识获取阶段中政府鼓励、并网支持作用显著但效果相反,其中政府鼓励因贸易壁垒和缺乏顶层设计对知识获取活动呈负效应;政策工具组合对知识获取阶段和技术创新阶段均有显著影响,但作用效果和作用机理则因政策工具组合方式不同存在较大差异;增强"政府鼓励、并网支持、人才培养"政策工具组合效力是促进风电企业知识获取的有效方式,改善"政府鼓励、金融及财税支持政策"政策组合效力是提升技术创新阶段效率的最佳途径。
The effect of industrial innovation policy on micro enterprise's innovation performance is the core issue currently concerned by academia and policy makers. The article divides the enterprise innovation system into two stages of knowledge acquisition and technological innovation, and takes the 2006-2016 years of China's ministries and the above level departments as the research object. Based on the complex adaptive system theory, "two stages policy stimulation-innovation performance efficiency" analysis framework is constructed. And we discuss the effect and mechanism of microcosmic conduction and path of innovation in different stages of innovation system. The research shows that single policy tools have no significant impact on the stage of technological innovation, while single policy tools, such as government encouragement and grid support, have significant effect on knowledge acquisition, but the government encourages negative effects knowledge acquisition activities due to trade barriers and lack of top-level design. There is a significant impact on the knowledge acquisition stage and technological innovation stage, but the effect and mechanism are different because of the different combination of policy tools. The effectiveness of the combination of "government encouragement, grid support and talent training" is an effective way to promote the knowledge acquisition. Improving the effectiveness of the policy combination of "government encouragement, finance and fiscal support" is the best way to improve efficiency in the stage of technological innovation. Finally, we summarise the enlightenments on the study and research prospect.
The effect of industrial innovation policy on micro enterprise's innovation performance is the core issue currently concerned by academia and policy makers. The article divides the enterprise innovation system into two stages of knowledge acquisition and technological innovation, and takes the 2006-2016 years of China's ministries and the above level departments as the research object. Based on the complex adaptive system theory, "two stages policy stimulation-innovation performance efficiency" analysis framework is constructed. And we discuss the effect and mechanism of microcosmic conduction and path of innovation in different stages of innovation system. The research shows that single policy tools have no significant impact on the stage of technological innovation, while single policy tools, such as government encouragement and grid support, have significant effect on knowledge acquisition, but the government encourages negative effects knowledge acquisition activities due to trade barriers and lack of top-level design. There is a significant impact on the knowledge acquisition stage and technological innovation stage, but the effect and mechanism are different because of the different combination of policy tools. The effectiveness of the combination of "government encouragement, grid support and talent training" is an effective way to promote the knowledge acquisition. Improving the effectiveness of the policy combination of "government encouragement, finance and fiscal support" is the best way to improve efficiency in the stage of technological innovation. Finally, we summarise the enlightenments on the study and research prospect.
引文
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[13] 苏敬勤,耿艳.政策作用下创新意愿转化为创新行为的机理研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(5):27-34.
[14] Miremadi I,Saboohi Y,Jacobsson S.Assessing the performance of energy innovation systems:Towards an established set of indicators[J].Energy Research & Social Science,2018,40:159-176.
[15] 王晓珍,邹鸿辉.产业政策对风电企业创新绩效的作用机制分析——基于时滞和区域创新环境的考量[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(2):33-45.
[16] 王晓珍,彭志刚,高伟,等.我国风电产业政策演进与效果评价[J].科学学研究,2016,34(12):1817-1829.
[17] 邹国平,刘洪德,王广益.我国国有企业规模与研发强度相关性研究[J].管理评论,2015,27(12):171-179.
[18] Markovic S,Bagherzadeh M.How does breadth of external stakeholder co-creation influence innovation performance?Analyzing the mediating roles of knowledge sharing and product innovation [J].Journal of Business Research,2018,88:173-186.
[19] 张国兴,张振华,管欣,等.我国节能减排政策的措施与目标协同有效吗?——基于1052条节能减排政策的研究[J].管理科学学报,2017,20(3):161-181.
[20] Hornok C,Koren M.Administrative barriers to trade [J].Journal of International Economics,2015,96:110-122.
[21] Kongsamut P,Rebelo S,Xie D.Beyond balanced growth[J].Review of Economic Studies,2010,68(4):869-882.
[2] Zhang H,Zheng Y,Zhou D,et al.Selection of key technology policies for Chinese offshore wind power:A perspective on patent maps[J].Marine Policy,2018,93:47-53.
[3] 王晓珍,邹鸿辉,高伟.产业政策有效性分析——来自风电企业产权性质及区域创新环境异质性的考量[J].科学学研究,2018,(2):228-238.
[4] Andriosopoulos K,Silvestre S,Andriosopoulos K,et al.French energy policy:A gradual transition[J].Energy Policy,2017,106:376-381.
[5] Rahman M S,Sarker P K,Sadath M N,et al.Policy changes resulting in power changes?Quantitative evidence from 25 years of forest policy development in Bangladesh[J].Land Use Policy,2018,70:419-431.
[6] Reichardt K,Negro S O,Rogge K S,et al.Analyzing interdependencies between policy mixes and technological innovation systems:The case of offshore wind in Germany[J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change,2016,106:11-21.
[7] Roundy P T,Bradshaw M,Brockman B K.The emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems:A complex adaptive systems approach[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,86:1-10.
[8] Cairney P.Complexity theory in political science and public policy[J].Political Studies Review,2012,10(3):346-358.
[9] 张永安,耿喆,李晨光,等.区域科技创新政策对企业创新绩效的影响效率研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(8):62-62.
[10] 高伟,吴昌松,乔光辉,等.风电产业研发资助政策的传导效果实证研究[J].中国软科学,2017,(11):54-65.
[11] Leibowicz B D.Welfare improvement windows for innovation policy[J].Research Policy,2018,47(2):390-398.
[12] Jiao W,Boons F,Teisman G,et al.Durable policy facilitation of sustainable industrial parks in China:A perspective of co-evolution of policy processes[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,192:179-190.
[13] 苏敬勤,耿艳.政策作用下创新意愿转化为创新行为的机理研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(5):27-34.
[14] Miremadi I,Saboohi Y,Jacobsson S.Assessing the performance of energy innovation systems:Towards an established set of indicators[J].Energy Research & Social Science,2018,40:159-176.
[15] 王晓珍,邹鸿辉.产业政策对风电企业创新绩效的作用机制分析——基于时滞和区域创新环境的考量[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(2):33-45.
[16] 王晓珍,彭志刚,高伟,等.我国风电产业政策演进与效果评价[J].科学学研究,2016,34(12):1817-1829.
[17] 邹国平,刘洪德,王广益.我国国有企业规模与研发强度相关性研究[J].管理评论,2015,27(12):171-179.
[18] Markovic S,Bagherzadeh M.How does breadth of external stakeholder co-creation influence innovation performance?Analyzing the mediating roles of knowledge sharing and product innovation [J].Journal of Business Research,2018,88:173-186.
[19] 张国兴,张振华,管欣,等.我国节能减排政策的措施与目标协同有效吗?——基于1052条节能减排政策的研究[J].管理科学学报,2017,20(3):161-181.
[20] Hornok C,Koren M.Administrative barriers to trade [J].Journal of International Economics,2015,96:110-122.
[21] Kongsamut P,Rebelo S,Xie D.Beyond balanced growth[J].Review of Economic Studies,2010,68(4):869-882.
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