四川盆地边缘山地强降水与海拔的关系
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摘要
利用四川盆地1666个站点2011—2015年4—10月的逐小时降水资料及高精度格点海拔高度资料,对降水特征与海拔高度的变化关系进行详细分析,研究发现:(1)汛期总降水量、总雨日、小雨日、中雨日随海拔高度升高而增加,但降水量与雨日随海拔的增长方式并不相同,降水量显著增长区主要集中在200～1200 m,当海拔超过1200 m时降水量迅速减少;大雨日及暴雨日在海拔超过1200 m后也迅速减少。(2)盆地西北部、西南部沿山一带的暴雨日主要由强小时雨强贡献,而盆地东北部的暴雨日主要受持续性降水影响。(3)四川盆地复杂地形对降水的日变化有较为显著的影响,小时雨量及短时强降水频次峰值出现时间均随着海拔高度升高而提前,而短时强降水首次出现时间则随海拔高度升高而推迟。
Based on the hourly precipitation data of 1666 stations during 2011—2015 and high-precision terrain grid data of Sichuan Basin,the relationship between the characteristics of precipitation and altitude is investigated by using statistical diagnostic methods.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The total precipitation increases with the elevation of altitude.Total rainfall day,light and moderate rain days also show the same trend.However,the total precipitation is not the same as that of the rainy day.The precipitation growth area is mainly concentrated in the altitudes 200—1200 m.When the altitude exceeds1200 m,precipitation decreases rapidly.Heavy rainy days and rainstorm days are also rapidly decreasing after an altitude of more than 1200 m.(2)The heavy rainfall along the mountains of the northwest and southwest of the basin mainly results from the strong hourly rainfall.But the heavy rainfall in the notheast of the basin is mainly caused by the persistent precipitation.(3)The complex topography of Sichuan Basin has a significant effect on the diurnal variation of precipitation.The appearance of peak frequency in one day is ahead of time with the elevation of altitude.And the first occurrence time of severe short-time heavy rainfall postpones with the elevation of altitude.
Based on the hourly precipitation data of 1666 stations during 2011—2015 and high-precision terrain grid data of Sichuan Basin,the relationship between the characteristics of precipitation and altitude is investigated by using statistical diagnostic methods.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The total precipitation increases with the elevation of altitude.Total rainfall day,light and moderate rain days also show the same trend.However,the total precipitation is not the same as that of the rainy day.The precipitation growth area is mainly concentrated in the altitudes 200—1200 m.When the altitude exceeds1200 m,precipitation decreases rapidly.Heavy rainy days and rainstorm days are also rapidly decreasing after an altitude of more than 1200 m.(2)The heavy rainfall along the mountains of the northwest and southwest of the basin mainly results from the strong hourly rainfall.But the heavy rainfall in the notheast of the basin is mainly caused by the persistent precipitation.(3)The complex topography of Sichuan Basin has a significant effect on the diurnal variation of precipitation.The appearance of peak frequency in one day is ahead of time with the elevation of altitude.And the first occurrence time of severe short-time heavy rainfall postpones with the elevation of altitude.
引文
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左洪超,吕世华,胡隐樵,2004.中国近50年气温及降水量的变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,23(2):238-244.Zuo H C,LU S H,Hu Y Q,2004.Variations trend of yearly mean air temperature and precipitation in China in the last 50 years[J].Plateau Meteor,23(2):238-244(in Chinese).
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Li Y Q,Li D J,Yang S,et al,2010.Characteristics of the precipitation over the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Meteor Atmos Phys,106(1-2):49-56.
Yu R C,Xu Y P,Zhou T J,et al,2007b.Relation between rainfall duration and diurnal variation in the warm season precipitation over central eastern China[J].Geophys Res Lett,34(13):L13703.
Yu R C,Zhou T J,Xiong A Y,et al,2007a.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation over contiguous China[J].Geophys Res Lett,34(1):L01704.
陈文秀,郝克俊,2001.20世纪四川盆地降水变化特征分析[J].四川气象,21(1):37-39.Chen W X,Hao K J,2001.Analysis on the character of rainfall changing over Sichuan Basin in the 20th century[J].J Sichuan Meteor,21(1):37-39(in Chinese).
戴泽军,宇如聪,陈昊明,2009.湖南夏季降水日变化特征[J].高原气象,28(6):1463-1470.Dai Z J,Yu R C,Chen H M,2009.Characteristics of summer precipitation diurnal variations in Hunan[J].Plateau Meteor,28(6):1463-1470(in Chinese).
郝莹,姚叶青,郑媛媛,等,2012.短时强降水的多尺度分析及临近预警[J].气象,38(8):903-912.Hao Y,Yao Y Q,Zheng Y Y,et al,2012.Multi-scale analysis and nowcasting of short time heavy rainfall[J].Meteor Mon,38(8):903-912(in Chinese).
李建,宇如聪,王建捷,2008.北京市夏季降水的日变化特征[J].科学通报,53(7):829-832.Li J,Yu R C,Wang J J,2008.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Beijing[J].Chin Sci Bull,53(12):1933-1936(in Chinese).
毛冬艳,曹艳察,朱文剑,等,2018.西南地区短时强降水的气候特征分析[J].气象,44(8):1042-1050.Mao D Y,Cao Y C,Zhu W J,et al,2018.Climatic characteristics of short time severe precipitation in Southwest China[J].Meteor Mon,44(8):1042-1050(in Chinese).
青泉,赵静,叶儒辉,2015.夏季四川盆地强降水列车效应特征[J].气象科技,43(2):250-260.Qing Q,Zhao J,Ye R H,2015.Characteristic analysis of train effects of summer heavy precipitation in Sichuan Basin[J].Meteor Sci Technol,43(2):250-260(in Chinese).
任国玉,吴虹,陈正洪,2000.我国降水变化趋势的空间特征[J].应用气象学报,11(3):322-330.Ren G Y,Wu H,Chen Z H,2000.Spatial patterns of change trend in rainfall of China[J].Quart J Appl Meteor,11(3):322-330(in Chinese).
司波,余锦华,丁裕国,2012.四川盆地短历时强降水极值分布的研究[J].气象科学,32(4):403-410.Si B,Yu J H,Ding Y G,2012.Research on extreme value distribution of short-duration heavy precipitation in the Sichuan Basin[J].J Meteor Sci,32(4):403-410(in Chinese).
王夫常,宇如聪,陈昊明,等,2011.我国西南部降水日变化特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,30(2):117-121.Wang F C,Yu R C,Chen H M,et al,2011.The characteristics of rainfall diurnal variation over the southwestern China[J].Torr Rain Dis,30(2):117-121(in Chinese).
王颖,施能,顾骏强,等,2006.中国雨日的气候变化[J].大气科学,30(1):162-170.Wang Y,Shi N,Gu J Q,et al,2006.Climatic variations of wet days in China[J].Chin J Atmos Sci,30(1):162-170(in Chinese).
姚莉,李小泉,张立梅,2009.我国1 h雨强的时空分布特征[J].气象,35(2):80-87.Yao L,Li X Q,Zhang L M,2009.Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hourly rain intensity in China[J].Meteor Mon,35(2):80-87(in Chinese).
张京英,陈金敏,刘英杰,等,2010.大暴雨过程中短时强降水机制分析[J].气象科学,30(3):407-413.Zhang J Y,Chen J M,Liu Y J,et al,2010.Analysis of mechanisms of short-time rainfall inthe process of strong rainfall[J].Sci Meteor Sin,30(3):407-413(in Chinese).
周长艳,岑思弦,李跃清,等,2011.四川省近50年降水的变化特征及影响[J].地理学报,66(5):619-630.Zhou C Y,Cen S X,Li Y Q,et al,2011.Precipitation variation and its impacts in Sichuan in the last 50 years[J].Acta Geogr Sin,66(5):619-630(in Chinese).
周长艳,李跃清,彭俊,2006.高原东侧川渝盆地降水与水资源特征及变化[J].大气科学,30(6):1217-1226.Zhou C Y,Li Y Q,Peng J.2006.The characteristics and variation of precipitation and water resource of Sichuan and Chongqing Basin on the eastern side of the Plateau[J].Chin J Atmos Sci,30(6):1217-1226(in Chinese).
周秋雪,李跃清,蒋兴文,等,2016.“雅安天漏”降水变化气候特征的分析[J].自然资源学报,31(2):343-353.Zhou Q X,Li Y Q,Jiang X W,et al,2016.Analysis on the climatic characteristics of the precipitation variations at“Ya'an Sky-leakage”[J].J Nat Resour,31(2):343-353(in Chinese).
周秋雪,刘莹,冯良敏,等,2015.2008—2012年四川强小时雨强的时空分布特征[J].高原气象,34(5):1261-1269.Zhou Q X,Liu Y,Feng L M,et al,2015.Analysis on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of strong hour rainfall intensity in Sichuan during 2008-2012[J].Plateau Meteor,34(5):1261-1269(inChinese).
左洪超,吕世华,胡隐樵,2004.中国近50年气温及降水量的变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,23(2):238-244.Zuo H C,LU S H,Hu Y Q,2004.Variations trend of yearly mean air temperature and precipitation in China in the last 50 years[J].Plateau Meteor,23(2):238-244(in Chinese).
Chen H M,Yu R C,Li J,et al,2010.Why nocturnal long-duration rainfall presents an eastward-delayed diurnal phase of rainfall down the Yangtze River Valley[J].J Climate,23(4):905-917.
Gray W M,Jacobson Jr R W,1977.Diurnal variation of deep cumulus convection[J].Mon Wea Rev,105(9):1171-1188.
Kousky V E,1980.Diurnal rainfall variation in Northeast Brazil[J].Mon Wea Rev,108(4):488-498.
Li Y Q,Li D J,Yang S,et al,2010.Characteristics of the precipitation over the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Meteor Atmos Phys,106(1-2):49-56.
Yu R C,Xu Y P,Zhou T J,et al,2007b.Relation between rainfall duration and diurnal variation in the warm season precipitation over central eastern China[J].Geophys Res Lett,34(13):L13703.
Yu R C,Zhou T J,Xiong A Y,et al,2007a.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation over contiguous China[J].Geophys Res Lett,34(1):L01704.
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