全球岩相古地理演化与油气分布(一)
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摘要
基于全球4 981个地质单元前寒武纪以来各地质时期(纪或世)的岩相古地理等地质特征分析,应用全球岩相古地理编图新方法,系统编制全球现今地理位置13个纪或世关键时间点的岩相古地理图,结合古板块恢复成果实现古构造位置下的原型盆地和岩相古地理恢复。研究表明:前寒武纪以来全球发育22种岩相组合和10种古地理单元,其岩相古地理特征及演化主要受板块解体、汇聚造山及大陆形成的影响;以前寒武纪及古生代7个时期岩相古地理研究结果为例,前寒武纪晚期及寒武纪为罗迪尼亚超大陆大规模解体时期,造成隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩陆相区面积较小,滨浅海相区规模及其浅水碳酸盐岩台地扩展;泥盆纪随劳俄超大陆的形成,隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩陆相区面积开始增加,滨浅海相区规模及其浅水碳酸盐岩台地萎缩;二叠纪潘基亚大陆形成,全球隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩陆相区的发育达到极盛,滨浅海相区分布十分局限。不同时期岩相古地理特征及其演化规律为分析全球烃源岩、储集层、盖层等成藏要素形成条件,揭示全球油气分布规律,科学预测油气富集区奠定了基础。图10表1参46
By using a large amount of geological and geophysical data, the geological characteristics such as lithofacies and paleogeography of 4981 geological units at thirteen key geological periods or epoches since the Precambrian in the world have been figured out. The global lithofacies and paleogeography charts have been compiled by ArcGis mapping technology. Combined with the results of plate-paleogeography reconstruction, the lithofacies and paleogeography as well as the prototype basins of these global paleoplates have been restored with the Gplate software. Results show that there are 22 kinds of lithofacies combinations and 10 types of paleogeography units developed since Precambrian. These features of lithofacies and paleogeography as well as their evolution were mainly controlled by the divergent and convergent movements of those plates. Taking the results of the lithofacis and paleogeography at the present and paleoplate location during the seven key geological periods from the Precambrian to Paleozoic for example, during the Late Precambrian and Cambrian, the large-scale disintegration of the Rodinia supercontinent resulted in reduction of uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area, the expansion of coastal-shallow marine facies and shallow-water carbonate platform. In Devonian,uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area began to increase and littoral-shallow marine facies area and shallow-water carbonate platform shrank as a result of the formation of Larussia supercontinent. In the Permian, with the formation of the Pangea continent, the development of the global uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies reached its peak, while the littoral and shallow marine facies were very limited in distribution. The lithofacies and paleogeography features and evolution patterns of different stages lay a solid foundation for analyzing the formation conditions of geological elements, such as source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks for oil and gas accumulation, and revealing the distribution regularity of oil and gas around the world.
By using a large amount of geological and geophysical data, the geological characteristics such as lithofacies and paleogeography of 4981 geological units at thirteen key geological periods or epoches since the Precambrian in the world have been figured out. The global lithofacies and paleogeography charts have been compiled by ArcGis mapping technology. Combined with the results of plate-paleogeography reconstruction, the lithofacies and paleogeography as well as the prototype basins of these global paleoplates have been restored with the Gplate software. Results show that there are 22 kinds of lithofacies combinations and 10 types of paleogeography units developed since Precambrian. These features of lithofacies and paleogeography as well as their evolution were mainly controlled by the divergent and convergent movements of those plates. Taking the results of the lithofacis and paleogeography at the present and paleoplate location during the seven key geological periods from the Precambrian to Paleozoic for example, during the Late Precambrian and Cambrian, the large-scale disintegration of the Rodinia supercontinent resulted in reduction of uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area, the expansion of coastal-shallow marine facies and shallow-water carbonate platform. In Devonian,uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area began to increase and littoral-shallow marine facies area and shallow-water carbonate platform shrank as a result of the formation of Larussia supercontinent. In the Permian, with the formation of the Pangea continent, the development of the global uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies reached its peak, while the littoral and shallow marine facies were very limited in distribution. The lithofacies and paleogeography features and evolution patterns of different stages lay a solid foundation for analyzing the formation conditions of geological elements, such as source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks for oil and gas accumulation, and revealing the distribution regularity of oil and gas around the world.
引文
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[7]ERSHOVA V B,PROKOPIEV A V,KHUDOLEY A K.DevonianPermian sedimentary basins and paleogeography of the Eastern Russian Arctic:An overview[J].Tectonophysics,2016,691:234-255.
[8]周进高,张建勇,邓红婴,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组岩相古地理与沉积模式[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):217-224.ZHOU Jingao,ZHANG Jianyong,DENG Hongying,et al.Lithofacies paleogeography and sedimentary model of Sinian Dengying Fm in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):217-224.
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[10]郑和荣,胡宗全.中国前中生代构造岩相古地理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.ZHENG Herong,HU Zongquan.Chinese pre Mesozoic tectonic lithofacies paleogeography Atlas[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010.
[11]陈洪德,侯明才,林良彪,等.不同尺度构造-层序岩相古地理研究思路与实践[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):894-903.CHEN Hongde,HOU Mingcai,LIN Liangbiao,et al.Research idea and practice of tectonic-sequence lithofacies paleogeographic in diverse scales[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):894-903.
[12]马永生,陈洪德,王国力,等.中国南方构造-层序岩相古地理图集[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.MA Yongsheng,CHEN Hongde,WANG Guoli,et al.Atlas of construction-sequence and lithofacies paleogeography in South of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[13]田景春,陈洪德,覃建雄,等.层序-岩相古地理图及其编制[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(1):6-12.TIAN Jingchun,CHEN Hongde,QIN Jianxiong,et al.Case study of sequence-based lithofacies-paleo-geography research and mapping of south China[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2004,26(1):6-12.
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[16]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[M].北京:地图出版社,1985.WANG Hongzhen.Atlas of paleogeographyof China[M].Beijing:Map Publishing House,1985.
[17]NIKISHIN A,ZIEGLER P,STEPHENSON R,et al.Late Precambrian to Triassic history of the East European Craton:Dynamics of sedimentary basin evolution[J].Tectonophysics,1996,268(1):23-63.
[18]FORDA D,GOLONKA J.Phanerozoic paleogeography,paleoenvironment and lithofacies maps of the circum-Atlantic margins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(3):249-285.
[19]温志新,童晓光,张光亚,等.全球板块构造演化过程中五大成盆期原型盆地的形成、改造及叠加过程[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):26-37.WEN Zhixin,TONG Xiaoguang,ZHANG Guangya,et al.Transformation and stacking process of prototype basin in five global plate tectonic evolution stages[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(3):26-37.
[20]费琪.全球板块构造与古地理(上)[J].地质科技情报,1983,2(3):82-89.FEI Qi.Global plate tectonics and palaeogeography(Part I)[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1983,2(3):82-89.
[21]费琪.全球板块构造与古地理(续一)[J].地质科技情报,1984,3(3):60-64.FEI Qi.Global plate tectonics and palaeogeography(continued 1)[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1984,3(3):60-64.
[22]费琪.全球板块构造与古地理(续二)[J].地质科技情报,1984,3(4):64-67.FEI Qi.Global plate tectonics and palaeogeography(continued 2)[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1984,3(4):64-67.
[23]费琪.全球板块构造与古地理(续完)[J].地质科技情报,1985,4(1):46-51.FEI Qi.Global plate tectonics and palaeogeography(continued end)[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1985,4(1):46-51.
[24]STAMPFLI G,BOREL D.A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrones[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,196(1):17-33.
[25]STAMPFLI G,HOCHARD C,VéRARD C,et al.The formation of Pangea[J].Tectonophysics,2013,593(1):1-19.
[26]STAMPFLI G.Response to the comments on“The formation of Pangea”by D.A.Ruban[J].Tectonophysics,2013,593(6):1445-1447.
[27]STAMPFLI G,KOZUR H.Europe from the Variscan to the Alpine cycles[M].London:Geological Society,2006.
[28]SETON M,MüLLER R,ZAHIROVIC S,et al.Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma[J].Earth Science Reviews,2012,113(3/4):212-270.
[29]METCALFE I.Permian tectonic framework and palaeogeography of SE Asia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,20(6):551-566.
[30]METCALFE I.Palaeozoic Mesozoic history of SE Asia[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2011,355(1):7-35.
[31]METCALFE I.Tectonic framework and Phanerozoic evolution of Sundaland[J].Gondwana Research,2011,19(1):3-21.
[32]METCALFE I.Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion:Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,66:1-33.
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