延庆区荒滩地土壤理化性质及其对植物多样性的影响
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摘要
为了探索北京郊区荒滩地植被快速恢复模式,以延庆区大榆树镇荒滩地为研究对象,运用野外取样调查和室内检测分析方法,研究京郊荒滩地土壤理化性质与植物多样性特征及其相关性。结果表明:延庆区荒滩地土壤理化性质及植物多样性指数变异系数介于10%～100%之间,属中等变异性;植物多样性指数较低,植物物种以禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)为主,所有物种中59.2%为一年生晚春型草本植物;相关性分析表明:植物多样性指数、盖度与土壤有机质、氮素含量及总孔隙度之间存在显著正相关关系;植物盖度与土壤全磷、速效磷之间存在显著负相关关系。基于上述结果,表明在土壤严重退化区域,土壤有机质、氮素含量、总孔隙度是其植被正向演替的关键因子。
To explore the rapid vegetation restoration model of the Beijing suburban wasteland,the wasteland of Dayushu county were selected as experiment areas in Yanqing district.The soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity were surveyed and analyzed by methods of field sampling survey and indoor determination and analysis.The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties and plant diversity index coefficient of variation in the wasteland of Yanqing District were between 10%～100%,which is moderately variability.The plant diversity index was low.Plant species are mainly composed of Gramineae,Compositae,Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae.Among all species,59.2% were annual late spring herbaceous plants.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant diversity index and soil organic matter,nitrogen content and total porosity.There was a significant negative correlation between plant coverage and soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus.Based on the above results,it was concluded that soil organic matter,nitrogen content and total porosity were the key factors in the process of vegetation succession in the severely degraded areas.
To explore the rapid vegetation restoration model of the Beijing suburban wasteland,the wasteland of Dayushu county were selected as experiment areas in Yanqing district.The soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity were surveyed and analyzed by methods of field sampling survey and indoor determination and analysis.The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties and plant diversity index coefficient of variation in the wasteland of Yanqing District were between 10%～100%,which is moderately variability.The plant diversity index was low.Plant species are mainly composed of Gramineae,Compositae,Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae.Among all species,59.2% were annual late spring herbaceous plants.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant diversity index and soil organic matter,nitrogen content and total porosity.There was a significant negative correlation between plant coverage and soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus.Based on the above results,it was concluded that soil organic matter,nitrogen content and total porosity were the key factors in the process of vegetation succession in the severely degraded areas.
引文
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[26]杨祥祥,李梦琦,何兴东,等.沙地土壤C:N:P比对早期植物群落物种多样性的影响[J].土壤学报,2019,56(1):242-249
[2]Wardle D A,Bardget R D,Klironomos J N,et al.Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633
[3]Wang G L,Liu G B,Xu M X.Above-and belowground dynamics of plant community succession following abandonment of farmland on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Plant and Soil,2009,316:227-239
[4]黄建辉,白永飞,韩兴国.物种多样性与生态系统功能:影响机制及有关假说[J].生物多样性,2001,9(1):1-7
[5]Midgley G F.Biodiversity and ecosystem function[J].Science,2012,335(6065):174-175
[6]宋创业,郭柯,刘高焕.浑善达克沙地植物群落物种多样性与土壤因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(1):8-13
[7]龚艳宾,郭建斌,赵秀海,等.吉林蛟河天然阔叶红松林草本植物多样性及其与土壤因子的关系[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(4):620-628
[8]盛茂银,熊康宁,崔高仰,等.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):434-448
[9]姚喜喜,宫旭胤,白滨,等.祁连山高寒牧区不同类型草地植被特征与土壤养分及其相关性研究[J].草地学报,2018,26(2):371-379
[10]张雪妮,杨晓东,吕光辉.水盐梯度下荒漠植物多样性格局及其与土壤环境的关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(11):3206-3215
[11]王长庭,龙瑞军,王启兰,等.放牧扰动下高寒草甸植物多样性、生产力对土壤养分条件变化的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4144-4152
[12]刘洋,侯占山,赵爽,等.太行山片麻岩山区造地边坡植被恢复过程中植物多样性与土壤特性的演变[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5331-5339
[13]国家林业局.LY/T 1215-1999.森林土壤水分-物理性质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999:22-24
[14]鲁如坤主编.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:12,24,107,146-195
[15]张喜,王莉莉,刘延惠,等.喀斯特天然林植物多样性指数和土壤理化指标的相关性[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3609-3620
[16]张金屯.数学生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:88-91
[17]全国土壤普查办公室编.中国土壤普查技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:87
[18]胡克林,李保国,林启美,等.农田土壤养分的空间变异性特征[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(3):33-38
[19]富金赤,李晓莎,许中旗,等.冀北山地阳坡草本植物物种多样性的空间异质性研究[J].草地学报,2018,26(6):1298-1304
[20]刘靖朝.土壤养分的空间变异特征对人为干扰的响应及其光谱反演[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2018:2
[21]王金贵.人为生产活动与农田土壤主要性质空间变异性关系[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学:2009:21-44
[22]刘靖朝,熊黑钢,何旦旦,等.基于不同人为干扰的土壤全量氮磷钾空间变异性研究[J].干旱区农业研究,2019,37(1):116-122,159
[23]冯雷.古尔班通古特沙漠土壤理化性质的空间变异及对植物多样性的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015,14-28
[24]杨晓玫,姚拓,王理德,等.天祝不同退化程度草地植物群落结构与物种多样性研究[J].草地学报,2018,26(6):1290-1297
[25]康冰,刘世荣,蔡道雄,等.南亚热带不同植被恢复模式下土壤理化性质[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2479-2486
[26]杨祥祥,李梦琦,何兴东,等.沙地土壤C:N:P比对早期植物群落物种多样性的影响[J].土壤学报,2019,56(1):242-249
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