海洋桥梁工程抗风安全的难题及其对策思考
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摘要
与近海、内陆大跨桥梁工程相比,未来建设的深水海洋桥梁工程面临的风场环境将更加复杂,其抗风安全问题也必然更加严峻。本文首先分析了大跨度海洋桥梁工程的抗风研究现状,然后从海洋桥梁场址风场特性、抗风设计理论、风振控制技术和行车安全防风技术四方面,重点梳理了海洋桥梁工程抗风安全面临的重点难点问题及技术发展方向。在此基础上,探讨了海洋桥梁工程抗风的安全保障对策。
Compared with that of the offshore and inland long-span bridges, the wind field of marine bridges will be more complicated,and their wind resistance safety will inevitably become tougher. This paper first analyzes the status quo of wind-resistance research of long-span bridges, and then focuses on the difficulties and technical problems regarding four aspects: wind field characteristics,wind-resistant design theories, countermeasures for wind-induced vibration, and windbreak technologies for driving safety. Based on these analyses, countermeasures for guaranteeing wind resistance safety of marine bridges are proposed.
Compared with that of the offshore and inland long-span bridges, the wind field of marine bridges will be more complicated,and their wind resistance safety will inevitably become tougher. This paper first analyzes the status quo of wind-resistance research of long-span bridges, and then focuses on the difficulties and technical problems regarding four aspects: wind field characteristics,wind-resistant design theories, countermeasures for wind-induced vibration, and windbreak technologies for driving safety. Based on these analyses, countermeasures for guaranteeing wind resistance safety of marine bridges are proposed.
引文
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[16]赵林,葛耀君,郭增伟,等.大跨度缆索承重桥梁风振控制回顾与思考--主梁被动控制效果与主动控制策略[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(12):91-100.Zhao L,Ge Y J,Guo Z W,et al.Reconsideration of wind-induced vibration mitigation of long-span cable supported bridges:Effects of passive control and strategy of active control[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(12):91-100.
[17]K?rlin R,Starossek U.Wind tunnel test of an active mass damper for bridge decks[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(4):267-277.
[18]康小英,廖海黎.大跨度桥梁风障的设计、研究及应用[J].世界桥梁,2002(2):20-21.Kang X Y,Liao H L.Design,research and application of wind barriers for long-span bridges[J].World Bridges,2002(2):20-21.
[2]秦顺全.海上长桥整孔箱梁预制架设技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.Qin S Q.Prefabrication and erection technology of whole-hole box girder of long offshore bridge[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2006.
[3]项海帆.21世纪世界桥梁工程的展望[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(3):1-6.Xiang H F.Prospect of world’s bridge project in 21st Century[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(3):1-6.
[4]欧进萍,段忠东,陆钦年,等.渤海海域的风特性统计分析[J].海洋通报,1997,16(1):20-28.Ou J P,Duan Z D,Lu Q N,et al.Statistical analysis of wind characteristics in Bohai Sea Area[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1997,16(1):20-28.
[5]遆子龙,李永乐,秦顺全,等.海洋桥梁施工围揠的波浪压力实测与数值模拟[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,52(3):466-473.Ti Z L,Li Y L,Qin S Q,et al.In-situ measurement and numerical simulation of wave pressure on marine bridge cofferdam[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2017,52(3):466-473.
[6]陈政清,雷旭,华旭刚,等.大跨度悬索桥吊索减振技术研究与应用[J].湖南大学学报(自科科学版),2016,43(1):1-10.Chen Z Q,Lei X,Hua X G,et al.Research and application of vibration control method for hanger cables in long-span suspension bridge[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2016,43(1):1-10.
[7]廖海黎,李明水.大跨度桥梁施工阶段抗风性能现场实测研究[R].北京:第十四届全国结构风工程学术会议,2009.Liao H L,Li M S.Field measurement and research on wind resistance in construction stage of long-span bridges[R].Beijing:Proceedings of 14th National Symposium on Structural Wind Engineering,2009.
[8]Ge Y J,Xiang H F.Bluff body aerodynamics application in challenging bridge span length[R].Milano:Proceedings of 6th International Colloquium on Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics&Applications,2008.
[9]赵林,葛耀君,朱乐东.台风气候大跨度桥梁风振响应研究[J].振动工程学报,2009,22(3):237-245.Zhao L,Ge Y J,Zhu L D.Investigation of wind-induced performance about long-span bridges under typhoon climate[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2009,22(3):237-245.
[10]Batts M E,Simiu E,Russell L R.Hurricane wind speeds in the United States[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1980,106(10):2001-2016.
[11]Vickery P J,Twisdale L A.Wind-field and filling models for hurricane wind-speed predictions[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1995,121(11):1700-1709.
[12]Meng Y,Matsui M,Hibi K.An analytical model for simulation of the wind field in a typhoon boundary layer[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1995,56(2-3):291-310.
[13]Thompson E F,Cardone V J.Practical modeling of hurricane surface wind fields[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,1996,122(4):195-205.
[14]Davis C,Wang W,Chen S S,et al.Prediction of landfalling hurricanes with the advanced hurricane WRF model[J].Monthly Weather Review,2008,136(6):1990-2005.
[15]Lin T Y,Chow P.Gibraltar strait crossing-A challenge to bridge and structural engineers[J].Structural Engineering International,1991,1(2):53-58.
[16]赵林,葛耀君,郭增伟,等.大跨度缆索承重桥梁风振控制回顾与思考--主梁被动控制效果与主动控制策略[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(12):91-100.Zhao L,Ge Y J,Guo Z W,et al.Reconsideration of wind-induced vibration mitigation of long-span cable supported bridges:Effects of passive control and strategy of active control[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(12):91-100.
[17]K?rlin R,Starossek U.Wind tunnel test of an active mass damper for bridge decks[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(4):267-277.
[18]康小英,廖海黎.大跨度桥梁风障的设计、研究及应用[J].世界桥梁,2002(2):20-21.Kang X Y,Liao H L.Design,research and application of wind barriers for long-span bridges[J].World Bridges,2002(2):20-21.
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