湖南桃源瓦尔岗剖面层序地层框架下的寒武系第10阶旋回地层学研究
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摘要
很多地层学与沉积学特征,如显生宙较高的海平面位置以及最高的大气圈二氧化碳含量、全球性温暖的气候(温室效应条件)、后生动物骨骼生物礁的贫乏、三叶虫的主导性、典型的方解石海、SPICE碳同位素事件所代表的大洋缺氧事件和大气圈增氧事件,将寒武纪芙蓉世特征化。经过多年的努力,一个全新的芙蓉统年代地层格架已经得到了系统的确立,芙蓉统可以进一步划分为排碧阶、江山阶和没有得到最后定义的第10阶。湖南桃源县瓦尔岗剖面,以丰富的斜坡相三叶虫的发育著称,是全球寒武系芙蓉统第10阶底界GSSP的候选剖面。为了配合第10阶层型剖面的年代地层学研究,在层序地层学框架内,对该剖面第10期地层为主的地层序列进行了较为系统的旋回地层学研究。基于基本的岩相和沉积相的观察与研究,将该剖面沈家湾组中主要归为第10期的大部分地层归为一个三级沉积层序,并进一步划分为两个四级海平面变化层序;该三级沉积层序大致包含48个准层序级别的六级米级旋回,这些米级旋回常常4个一组构成五级旋回(准层序组)而表现出明显的沉积旋回的1∶4的叠加样式,成为较为典型的米兰柯维奇旋回属性而可以作为代表性的"定时器"。结果表明,第10期地层的形成时限大致为4.80Myr(百万年),稍大于地球化学测年得出的4.10Myr(～495.0—489.5Ma);而且层序界面代表的沉积环境变化要超前于阶的界面代表的生物变化。因此,层序地层学框架内的旋回地层学研究,丰富了瓦尔岗剖面的地层学内容。
The Furongian Epoch of the Cambrian Period is characterized by numerous geological and biological changes, such as high sea level and high level of atmospheric CO_2 within Phanerozoic, globally warm climate(greenhouse conditions), sparseness of reef in which metazoans play a framework building role, dominance of trilobites, typical calcite sea, and both the widespread euxinia in the ocean and the rise of atmospheric oxygen that are marked by the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE). On the basis of great efforts for many years, the chronostratigraphic framework of the Furongian Series has been established, which can be further subdivided into three stages, i.e., the Paibian Stage, the Jiangshanian Sage and the provisional Stage 10 that remains undefined. The Wa'ergang section in the Taoyuan County of Hunan Province, South China is well-known for yielding abundant agnostoids and polymerid trilobite fossils, and was proposed as a candidate of the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point(GSSP) for defining the base of the Cambrian Stage 10. In order to meet the requirement of a GSSP, detailed studies on cyclostratigraphy within the sequence stratigraphic framework are conducted at the Wa'ergang section. Based on the fundamental discernment and study for both the lithofacies and the sedimentary facies, the most parts of Stage 10 within the Shenjiawan Formation can be grouped into one third-order depositional sequence that can further be subdivided into two possible fourth-order eustatic sequences. Obviously and frequently, 48 sixth-order meter-scale cycles(or parasequences) have been discerned and could further be grouped into 11 fifth-order cycles(or parasequence sets)within this third-order depositional sequence; the clearly stacking pattern of 1:4 of sedimentary cycles makes them become a timer that reflects the nature of the Milankovitch cycle. It is possibly inferred that the duration for the strata generally belonging to the Stage 10 at the Wa'ergang section is 4.80 Myr, which is slightly larger than the time duration of 4.10 Myr(～495.0–489.5 Ma) interpreted from the geochronologic dating results for the stage. Furthermore, the change of sedimentary environments, represented by the sequence boundary, is always predated the biological change reflected by the boundary of the stage. Therefore, the study on cyclostratigraphy within the sequence stratigraphic framework at the Wa'ergang section has an important implication for the candidate section of Stage 10 of the Cambrian System.
The Furongian Epoch of the Cambrian Period is characterized by numerous geological and biological changes, such as high sea level and high level of atmospheric CO_2 within Phanerozoic, globally warm climate(greenhouse conditions), sparseness of reef in which metazoans play a framework building role, dominance of trilobites, typical calcite sea, and both the widespread euxinia in the ocean and the rise of atmospheric oxygen that are marked by the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE). On the basis of great efforts for many years, the chronostratigraphic framework of the Furongian Series has been established, which can be further subdivided into three stages, i.e., the Paibian Stage, the Jiangshanian Sage and the provisional Stage 10 that remains undefined. The Wa'ergang section in the Taoyuan County of Hunan Province, South China is well-known for yielding abundant agnostoids and polymerid trilobite fossils, and was proposed as a candidate of the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point(GSSP) for defining the base of the Cambrian Stage 10. In order to meet the requirement of a GSSP, detailed studies on cyclostratigraphy within the sequence stratigraphic framework are conducted at the Wa'ergang section. Based on the fundamental discernment and study for both the lithofacies and the sedimentary facies, the most parts of Stage 10 within the Shenjiawan Formation can be grouped into one third-order depositional sequence that can further be subdivided into two possible fourth-order eustatic sequences. Obviously and frequently, 48 sixth-order meter-scale cycles(or parasequences) have been discerned and could further be grouped into 11 fifth-order cycles(or parasequence sets)within this third-order depositional sequence; the clearly stacking pattern of 1:4 of sedimentary cycles makes them become a timer that reflects the nature of the Milankovitch cycle. It is possibly inferred that the duration for the strata generally belonging to the Stage 10 at the Wa'ergang section is 4.80 Myr, which is slightly larger than the time duration of 4.10 Myr(～495.0–489.5 Ma) interpreted from the geochronologic dating results for the stage. Furthermore, the change of sedimentary environments, represented by the sequence boundary, is always predated the biological change reflected by the boundary of the stage. Therefore, the study on cyclostratigraphy within the sequence stratigraphic framework at the Wa'ergang section has an important implication for the candidate section of Stage 10 of the Cambrian System.
引文
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