兰州市区地热水地球化学特征分析
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摘要
兰州市区地处民和-兰州坳陷盆地东端的中生代断陷盆地内。盆地内断裂构造发育,为地热水的形成创造了有利条件。文中基于兰州城区地下热水的水化学基本特征,评价了地热水的结垢趋势与腐蚀性,以地球化学温标法估算了地热水热储温度,分析了地热水的同位素特征,探讨了水化学成因。兰州城区地热水的温度为37-74℃,矿化度3.89-45.93g/L,属于中低温高矿化度水热资源,水化学类型以Cl-Na型和Cl-Na·Ca型为主,且富含锶、偏硅酸等特殊组分。地热水来源于兰州市城区西南一带的早白垩系砂岩、砾岩等出露区的大气降水补给。
Lanzhou city is located in the Mesozoic fault basin at the eastern end of the Minhe-Lanzhou depression basin. The development of structural fracture in the basin creates favorable conditions for the formation of geothermal water. Based on the basic characteristics of hydrochemistry of geothermal water in Lanzhou city, we evaluated the scaling trend and corrosion, estimated the geothermal reservoir temperature by geochemical thermometric scale method, analyzed the isotope characteristics, and discussed the causes of hydrochemistry. The geothermal water in Lanzhou city is middle-low temperature and high TDS resources, of which the temperature is 37-74℃, the TDS is 3.89-45.93 g/L, and the main types of hydrochemistry are Cl-Na and Cl-Na·Ca, it is also rich in special components such as strontium, metasilicic acid and others. The geothermal water comes from the meteoric precipitation in the early cretaceous sandstone and conglomerate in the southwest of Lanzhou city.
Lanzhou city is located in the Mesozoic fault basin at the eastern end of the Minhe-Lanzhou depression basin. The development of structural fracture in the basin creates favorable conditions for the formation of geothermal water. Based on the basic characteristics of hydrochemistry of geothermal water in Lanzhou city, we evaluated the scaling trend and corrosion, estimated the geothermal reservoir temperature by geochemical thermometric scale method, analyzed the isotope characteristics, and discussed the causes of hydrochemistry. The geothermal water in Lanzhou city is middle-low temperature and high TDS resources, of which the temperature is 37-74℃, the TDS is 3.89-45.93 g/L, and the main types of hydrochemistry are Cl-Na and Cl-Na·Ca, it is also rich in special components such as strontium, metasilicic acid and others. The geothermal water comes from the meteoric precipitation in the early cretaceous sandstone and conglomerate in the southwest of Lanzhou city.
引文
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[23] 高志发.西北地区大气降水、地表水及地下水同位素组成特征探讨[J].甘肃地质学报,1993,2(2):94-101.
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[25] 沈照理,朱宛华,钟佐燊.水文地球化学基础[M].北京,地质出版社,1993:87-88.
[26]Chen L,Wang G C,Hu F S,et al.Groundwater hydrochemistry and isotope geochemistry in the Turpan Basin,northwestern China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2014,6(4):378-388.
[27]Carol E,Kruse E,Mas-Pla J.Hydrochemical and isotopical evidence of ground water salinization processes on the coastal plain of Samborombón Bay,Argentina[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,365(3-4):335-345.
[28]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.兰州市区地下水矿化度分布特征及成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):23-27.
[2] 杨秀芬.兰州地区地质构造的形成与发展[J].西北师范学院院报,1983(2):58-64.
[3] 魏林森,张凌鹏,王婷,等.兰州市城区地热地质条件及资源开发潜力分析[J].中国地质调查,2018,5(2):45-50.
[4] 李百祥.从地温场特征探讨兰州断陷盆地地热资源前景[J].甘肃地质学报,2001,10(1):83-89.
[5] 黎涛,马腾,李亮,等."三滩"傍河水源地地下水水位降落漏斗区水质演化[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(2):10-15.
[6] 焦鹏程.兰州市傍河水源地环境同位素和水化学研究[J].工程勘察,1993(1):29-34.
[7] 蔡义汉.地热直接利用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2004:196-244.
[8] GB/T 11615-2010,地热资源地质勘查规范[S].
[9] 李鹭.江西省宜春地区温泉水文地球化学特征研究[D].抚州:东华理工大学,2018:37-41.
[10] 徐世光,郭远生.地热学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:36-42.
[11] 汪集旸,孙占学.神奇的地热[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[12] 刘颖超,刘凯,孙颖,等.北京市地热水地球化学特征[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(2):324-328.
[13] 王莹,周训,于湲,等.应用地热温标估算地下热储温度[J].现代地质,2007,21(4):605-612.
[14] 汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.中低温地热对流系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:67-82.
[15] 于湲.北京城区地热田地下热水的水化学及同位素研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006:43-45.
[16] 郑西来,刘鸿俊.地热温标中的水一岩平衡状态研究[J].西安地质学院学报,1996,18(1):74-79.
[17] 周训,金晓媚,梁四海,等.地下水科学专论[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.
[18] 陈宗宇,齐继祥,张兆吉,等.北方典型盆地同位素水文地质学方法应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[19] 汪集旸,陈建生,陆宝宏,等.同位素水文学的若干回顾与展望[J].河海大学学报,2015,43(5):406-413.
[20] Craig H.Isotopic variation in meteoric waters[J].Science,1961,133:1702-1703.
[21] 黄锦忠,谭红兵.我国西北地区多年降水的氢氧同位素分布特征研究[J].水文,2015,35(1):33-39.
[22] 卞跃跃,赵丹.四川康定地热田地下热水成因研究[J].地球学报,2018,39(4):491-497.
[23] 高志发.西北地区大气降水、地表水及地下水同位素组成特征探讨[J].甘肃地质学报,1993,2(2):94-101.
[24] 蒋万军,赵丹,王广才,等.新疆吐-哈盆地地下水水文地球化学特征及形成作用[J].现代地质,2016,30(4):825-833.
[25] 沈照理,朱宛华,钟佐燊.水文地球化学基础[M].北京,地质出版社,1993:87-88.
[26]Chen L,Wang G C,Hu F S,et al.Groundwater hydrochemistry and isotope geochemistry in the Turpan Basin,northwestern China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2014,6(4):378-388.
[27]Carol E,Kruse E,Mas-Pla J.Hydrochemical and isotopical evidence of ground water salinization processes on the coastal plain of Samborombón Bay,Argentina[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,365(3-4):335-345.
[28]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.兰州市区地下水矿化度分布特征及成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):23-27.
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