非甲烷烃类化合物(NMHCs)在我国大气复合型污染控制中的重要性及其浓度表征
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摘要
近十几年以来,我国大气复合型污染呈现频繁化的趋势,大气氧化性不断增加,能见度大幅下降,城市雾霾污染加剧。为防止大气环境质量的恶化,急需采取相应的污染防治措施,对导致大气污染的前体物质进行实时监控。非甲烷烃类化合物化合物(NMHCs)是挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的一个重要类别,是大气复合型污染中臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的重要前体物质,因此对NMHCs进行污染源排放控制及实时监测显得格外重要。本文论述了NMHCs在大气环境中的光化学反应行为、排放特征及其与我国大气复合型污染的关系,对环境空气中NMHCs的浓度表征方法进行了探讨,以期对相关科研和监测工作者提供参考。
Over the past decade, the occurrence of unexpected domestic complex atmospheric pollution with the characteristic of elevated oxidizing capacity and decreased atmospheric visibility presented a tendency of higher frequency. The incidence rate of urban haze episode continuously increased. And therefore it is urgently needed to employ the effective control measures supported by the real-time monitoring of ozone precursors and organic secondary aerosol precursors, both for the ambient air and emission of pollution sources. As an essential subgroup of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), non-methane hydrocarbon compounds(NMHCs) act as an important kind of contaminants which cause complex atmospheric pollution. The reducing of NMHCs discharge and monitoring of NMHCs concentration seem to be the most effective methods for the pollution control. The NMHCs atmospheric photochemical reaction process, the NMHCs emission sources and its influence for domestic complex atmospheric pollution were discussed in the paper. The concentration modification for the atmospheric NMHCs determination was also detailed to provide a reference for the relevant researchers.
Over the past decade, the occurrence of unexpected domestic complex atmospheric pollution with the characteristic of elevated oxidizing capacity and decreased atmospheric visibility presented a tendency of higher frequency. The incidence rate of urban haze episode continuously increased. And therefore it is urgently needed to employ the effective control measures supported by the real-time monitoring of ozone precursors and organic secondary aerosol precursors, both for the ambient air and emission of pollution sources. As an essential subgroup of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), non-methane hydrocarbon compounds(NMHCs) act as an important kind of contaminants which cause complex atmospheric pollution. The reducing of NMHCs discharge and monitoring of NMHCs concentration seem to be the most effective methods for the pollution control. The NMHCs atmospheric photochemical reaction process, the NMHCs emission sources and its influence for domestic complex atmospheric pollution were discussed in the paper. The concentration modification for the atmospheric NMHCs determination was also detailed to provide a reference for the relevant researchers.
引文
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[14]Donahue N M,Prinn R G.Nonmethane hydrocarbon chemistry in the remote marine boundary layer[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1990,95(D11):18387-18411.
[15]Carter W P L.Development Of Ozone Reactivity Scales For Volatile Organic Compounds[J].Air&waste:journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,1996,44(7):881-899.
[16]Tang J H,Chan L Y,Chan C Y,et al.Characteristics and diurnal variations of NMHCs at urban,suburban,and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta and a remote site in South China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(38):8620-8632.
[17]纪德钰.大连地区夏季非甲烷烃(NMHC)特征及其来源解析[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):72-80.
[18]Chang C C,Sree U,Lin Y S,et al.An examination of 7:00–9:00 PM ambient air volatile organics in different seasons of Kaohsiung city,southern Taiwan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(5):867-884.
[19]Na K,Kim Y P,Moon K C.Diurnal characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the Seoul atmosphere[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(6):733-742.
[20]Barletta B,Meinardi S,Rowland F S,et al.Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese cities[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(32):5979-5990.
[21]卢学强,韩萌,冉靓,等.天津中心城区夏季非甲烷有机化合物组成特征及其臭氧产生潜力分析[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(2):373-380.
[2]侯美伶,王杨君.灰霾期间气溶胶的污染特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(2):6-11.
[3]谢绍东,田晓雪.挥发性和半挥发性有机物向二次有机气溶胶转化的机制[J].化学进展,2010,22(4):727-733.
[4]张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,2013,58(13):1178-1187.
[5]周涛,汝小龙.北京市雾霾天气成因及治理措施研究[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2012(2):12-16.
[6]薛元恺,周丽玲.我国灰霾天气成因与防治对策探讨[J].环境卫生学杂志,2017(3):72-78.
[7]Zhang Y,Wang X,Zhang Z,et al.Sources of C2-C4 alkenes,the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,502(502):236-245.
[8]Zhang J,Wang T,Chameides W.L,et al.Ozone production and hydrocarbon reactivity in Hong Kong, Southern China[J].Atmospheric.Chemistry.Physics,2007,7(2):557-573.
[9]王明远,曹炜.新《大气污染防治法》与环境行政的新发展[J].环境保护,2015,43(18):34-37.
[10]Tang J H,Chan L Y,Chan C Y,et al.Characteristics and diurnal variations of NMHCs at urban,suburban,and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta and a remote site in South China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(38):8620-8632.
[11]Cheng H,Guo H,Wang X,et al.On the relationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta:application of an observation-based model(OBM)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2010,17(3):547-560.
[12]Zhang Y,Wang X,Blake D R,et al.Aromatic hydrocarbons as ozone precursors before and after outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis in the Pearl River Delta region, south China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2012,117(D15):15306.
[13]赵静,张桂玲.大气和海水中非甲烷烃类的研究进展[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):205-213.
[14]Donahue N M,Prinn R G.Nonmethane hydrocarbon chemistry in the remote marine boundary layer[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1990,95(D11):18387-18411.
[15]Carter W P L.Development Of Ozone Reactivity Scales For Volatile Organic Compounds[J].Air&waste:journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,1996,44(7):881-899.
[16]Tang J H,Chan L Y,Chan C Y,et al.Characteristics and diurnal variations of NMHCs at urban,suburban,and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta and a remote site in South China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(38):8620-8632.
[17]纪德钰.大连地区夏季非甲烷烃(NMHC)特征及其来源解析[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):72-80.
[18]Chang C C,Sree U,Lin Y S,et al.An examination of 7:00–9:00 PM ambient air volatile organics in different seasons of Kaohsiung city,southern Taiwan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(5):867-884.
[19]Na K,Kim Y P,Moon K C.Diurnal characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the Seoul atmosphere[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(6):733-742.
[20]Barletta B,Meinardi S,Rowland F S,et al.Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese cities[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(32):5979-5990.
[21]卢学强,韩萌,冉靓,等.天津中心城区夏季非甲烷有机化合物组成特征及其臭氧产生潜力分析[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(2):373-380.
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