兰州市设施菜地土壤重金属污染程度及污染源
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摘要
【目的】对兰州市设施菜地土壤重金属进行测定,明确兰州市设施菜地土壤重金属的污染程度及其污染来源.【方法】测定了兰州市三县五区的设施菜地土壤重金属(Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、As)的含量,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数对设施菜地土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,运用主成分分析和因子分析对所采集的样品重金属污染程度及污染来源进行了评价.【结果】单因子污染指数结果表明,重金属Cr在西固区和红古区超标,其他县(区)未超标,重金属Pb、Cd、Hg和As在8个研究样地均超标;比较8个研究样地5种重金属的综合污染指数,皋兰县的设施菜地土壤重金属污染最严重,安宁区的最轻;进一步通过主成分分析研究土壤重金属的来源,发现前3个主成分的贡献率分别为33.83%、23.32%和18.09%,表明重金属主要来源为工业排污和农业源;因子分析显示,研究区土壤中的Pb、Cd和Hg主要来源为工业活动,而农业生产活动则对Cr和As的贡献较大.【结论】本研究结果可对兰州市设施菜地土壤重金属污染的防治与修复提供基础数据和指导.
【Objective】 In order to explore the extent and source of heavy metals pollution in greenhouse soil of Lanzhou City,the concentrations of heavy metals in the greenhouse soil were measured.【Method】 A survey was conducted to investigate the greenhouse soil in 3 districts and 5 counties of Lanzhou City.The concentrations of heavy metals including Cr,Pb,Cd,Hg and As in greenhouse soils were measured.The single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index were used to evaluate the pollution extent.The principal component analysis and factor analysis were used to evaluate and analyze the soil heavy metal pollution extents and sources.【Result】 Single factor pollution index indicated that Cr contents were higher than the background values of the soil in Xigu and Honggu Districts.The contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and As were higher than the background values in all investigated areas.Based on the integrated pollution index,the pollution was the most serious in Gaolan County and the lightest in Anning District.According to the principal component analysis,the contribution rates of the top three principal components were 33.83%,23.32% and 18.09%,indicating that the main sources of heavy metals were from industrial sewage and agricultural sources.The factor analysis results suggested that Pb,Cd and Hg were mainly affected by industrial activities,and agricultural activities showed much more impact on the accumulation of Cr and As.【Conclusion】 The results show important guidance for the prevention and remediation of heavy metal pollution in greenhouse soil of Lanzhou City.
【Objective】 In order to explore the extent and source of heavy metals pollution in greenhouse soil of Lanzhou City,the concentrations of heavy metals in the greenhouse soil were measured.【Method】 A survey was conducted to investigate the greenhouse soil in 3 districts and 5 counties of Lanzhou City.The concentrations of heavy metals including Cr,Pb,Cd,Hg and As in greenhouse soils were measured.The single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index were used to evaluate the pollution extent.The principal component analysis and factor analysis were used to evaluate and analyze the soil heavy metal pollution extents and sources.【Result】 Single factor pollution index indicated that Cr contents were higher than the background values of the soil in Xigu and Honggu Districts.The contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and As were higher than the background values in all investigated areas.Based on the integrated pollution index,the pollution was the most serious in Gaolan County and the lightest in Anning District.According to the principal component analysis,the contribution rates of the top three principal components were 33.83%,23.32% and 18.09%,indicating that the main sources of heavy metals were from industrial sewage and agricultural sources.The factor analysis results suggested that Pb,Cd and Hg were mainly affected by industrial activities,and agricultural activities showed much more impact on the accumulation of Cr and As.【Conclusion】 The results show important guidance for the prevention and remediation of heavy metal pollution in greenhouse soil of Lanzhou City.
引文
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[11] 陈鸣晖,刘大林,张卫红,等.铜污染土壤中不同多年生黑麦草品种富集效应评价[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(6):78-83
[12] 李瑞平,郝英华,李光德,等.泰安市农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2012-2017.
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[14] 齐鹏,张仁陟,张伯尧,等.兰州市土壤- 蔬菜系统典型重金属空间评价及健康风险分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):162-170.
[15] Uwamungu J Y,蒋煜峰,孙航,等.兰州市西固区蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(11):107-111.
[16] 张洪伟,张国珍,张克江,等.黄河兰州段黄灌区蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量分析及污染评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1497-1501.
[17] 许生辉,南忠仁,王胜利,等.绿洲土壤Cd - Ni 复合污染对油菜生长及吸收的影响[J].环境化学,2018,37(5):1037-1044.
[18] 庞瑜,赵转军,南忠仁,等.干旱区绿洲土壤中胡萝卜对Pb-Zn污染的响应及重金属累积特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):166-172.
[19] 张忠明,曹磊,张卫兵.电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不同产地桔梗无机元素及其主成分分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(5):191-196.
[20] Slavkovic L,Skrbic B,Miljevic N,et al.Principal component analysis of trace elements in industrial soils [J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2004,2 (2):105-108
[21] 王学松,秦勇.徐州城市表层土壤中重金属元素的富积特征与来源识别[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):84-88.
[22] 曾希柏,苏世鸣,马世铭,等.我国农田生态系统重金属的循环与调控[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2418 -2426.
[23] 刘荣乐,李书田,王秀斌,等.我国商品有机肥料和有机废弃物中重金属的含量状况与分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(2):392 -397.
[24] 丁海霞,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌市郊农田土壤重金属的污染特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2183-2188.
[25] 曾希柏,李莲芳,梅旭荣.中国蔬菜土壤重金属含量及来源分析[J].中国农业科学2007,40(11):2507-2517.
[26] Gray C W,McLaren R G,Roberts A H C,et al.The effect of long-term phosphatic fertilizer applications on the amounts and forms of cadmiumin soils under pasture in New Zealand[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1999,54:267-277.
[27] Filzek P D B,Spurgeon D J,Broll G,et al.Pedological characterization of sites along a transect from a primary cadmium/lead/zinc smelting works[J].Ecotoxicology,2004,13:725-737.
[28] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3496-3501.
[29] 楚纯洁,王章涵,周金风,等.设施菜地和露天菜地的土壤重金属含量及累积特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):125-132.
[30] 秦丽娟,王万雄,张伯尧.基于模糊数学的设施菜地土壤重金属含量动态分析[J].生物数学学报,2014,29(3):559-565.
[31] 李德成,李忠佩,周祥,等.不同使用年限蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量变化[J].农村生态环境,2003,19(3):38-41.
[32] 李萍,薛粟尹,王胜利,等.兰州市大气降尘重金属污染评价及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1021-1028.
[33] 杨颖丽,李琼,马婷,等.兰州市交通干道土壤重金属污染及其对植物的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(5):664-670.
[34] 朱秀红,吴晓娜,茹广欣,等.济源某铅厂周边农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(3):459-463.
[2] Osma E,Serin M,Leblebici Z,et al.Heavy metals accumulation in some vegetables and soils in Istanbul[J].Ekoloji,2012,21(82):1-8.
[3] Abrahams P W.Soils:their implications to human health [J].The Science of Total Environment,2002,291:1-32.
[4] 张伯尧,郑华平,张仁陟.兰州市菜地土壤和蔬菜镉含量及其健康风险分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,44(6):112-116.
[5] 郑喜坤,鲁安怀,高翔,等.土壤中重金属污染现状与防治方法[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(1):79-84.
[6] 邓朝生,尚金城,陈鹏.我国环境污染的因子分析[J].内蒙古环境保护,2003,15(3):5-8.
[7] Kim K W,Myung J H,Ahn J S,et al.Heavy metal contamination in dusts and stream sediment in the Taejon Area[J].Korea J Geochemical Exploration,1998,64:409-419.
[8] Imperato M,Adamo P.Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils of Naples City (Italy) [J].Environmental Pollution,2003,124:247-256.
[9] 周文鳞,李仁英,岳海燕,等.南京江北地区菜地土壤有效态重金属的含量及空间分异特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):451-157.
[10] 江伟,刘婵.基于因子分析法的城市表层土壤重金属污染分析[J].企业技术开发,2014,33(24):76-80.
[11] 陈鸣晖,刘大林,张卫红,等.铜污染土壤中不同多年生黑麦草品种富集效应评价[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(6):78-83
[12] 李瑞平,郝英华,李光德,等.泰安市农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2012-2017.
[13] 赵军,张浩波,赵国虎,等.兰州市安宁区蔬菜地土壤酸度及重金属的测定和评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(2):115-119.
[14] 齐鹏,张仁陟,张伯尧,等.兰州市土壤- 蔬菜系统典型重金属空间评价及健康风险分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):162-170.
[15] Uwamungu J Y,蒋煜峰,孙航,等.兰州市西固区蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(11):107-111.
[16] 张洪伟,张国珍,张克江,等.黄河兰州段黄灌区蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量分析及污染评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1497-1501.
[17] 许生辉,南忠仁,王胜利,等.绿洲土壤Cd - Ni 复合污染对油菜生长及吸收的影响[J].环境化学,2018,37(5):1037-1044.
[18] 庞瑜,赵转军,南忠仁,等.干旱区绿洲土壤中胡萝卜对Pb-Zn污染的响应及重金属累积特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):166-172.
[19] 张忠明,曹磊,张卫兵.电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不同产地桔梗无机元素及其主成分分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(5):191-196.
[20] Slavkovic L,Skrbic B,Miljevic N,et al.Principal component analysis of trace elements in industrial soils [J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2004,2 (2):105-108
[21] 王学松,秦勇.徐州城市表层土壤中重金属元素的富积特征与来源识别[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):84-88.
[22] 曾希柏,苏世鸣,马世铭,等.我国农田生态系统重金属的循环与调控[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2418 -2426.
[23] 刘荣乐,李书田,王秀斌,等.我国商品有机肥料和有机废弃物中重金属的含量状况与分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(2):392 -397.
[24] 丁海霞,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌市郊农田土壤重金属的污染特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2183-2188.
[25] 曾希柏,李莲芳,梅旭荣.中国蔬菜土壤重金属含量及来源分析[J].中国农业科学2007,40(11):2507-2517.
[26] Gray C W,McLaren R G,Roberts A H C,et al.The effect of long-term phosphatic fertilizer applications on the amounts and forms of cadmiumin soils under pasture in New Zealand[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1999,54:267-277.
[27] Filzek P D B,Spurgeon D J,Broll G,et al.Pedological characterization of sites along a transect from a primary cadmium/lead/zinc smelting works[J].Ecotoxicology,2004,13:725-737.
[28] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3496-3501.
[29] 楚纯洁,王章涵,周金风,等.设施菜地和露天菜地的土壤重金属含量及累积特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):125-132.
[30] 秦丽娟,王万雄,张伯尧.基于模糊数学的设施菜地土壤重金属含量动态分析[J].生物数学学报,2014,29(3):559-565.
[31] 李德成,李忠佩,周祥,等.不同使用年限蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量变化[J].农村生态环境,2003,19(3):38-41.
[32] 李萍,薛粟尹,王胜利,等.兰州市大气降尘重金属污染评价及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1021-1028.
[33] 杨颖丽,李琼,马婷,等.兰州市交通干道土壤重金属污染及其对植物的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(5):664-670.
[34] 朱秀红,吴晓娜,茹广欣,等.济源某铅厂周边农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(3):459-463.
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