电网故障电流冲击下高温超导变压器表征模型及其限流特性分析
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摘要
城市负荷中心电网中逐渐增大的短路电流已经超过断路器的开断容量,成为威胁电网安全运行的主要问题。而具有故障限流特性的高温超导变压器不仅能提高城市变电站容量,还能限制短路电流,成为研究热点之一。针对一台25MV·A/110kV高温超导变压器,基于磁热耦合分析方法,对高温超导变压器中超导线圈的失超限流过程搭建理论分析模型,然后应用PSCAD/EMTDC与Matlab联合仿真法,建立含高温超导变压器的单机无穷大系统仿真模型,计算并比较在不同短路故障下的高温超导变压器限流运行暂态过程、限流波形变化规律及限流比,获得超导变压器在不同故障下的温升变化规律。发现超导变压器的限流率随故障电流幅值增加而逐渐增大,最大可达55.63%,温升值取决于限流比率。最后,绕制一个超导变压器模型线圈,测试该线圈的临界电流特性和大电流冲击下的失超阻抗变化规律,验证超导线圈的限流效果。研究结论可以为具有限流特性的超导变压器的设计与保护提供参考。
The increasing short-circuit current in the urban load center has exceeded the capacity of the circuit breaker and has become a major problem that threatens the safe operation of the power grid. The high temperature superconducting(HTS)transformer with fault current limiting characteristics can not only increase the capacity of urban substations, but also limit the short-circuit current, which has become one of the research hotspots. A mathematical analysis model of a 25 MV·A/110 kV HTS transformer was built for analyzing the quench and current limiting processes of the superconducting coils based on the magneto-thermal coupling method. Moreover, a singlemachine infinite bus system model with HTS transformer was established using PSCAD/EMTDC and Matlab co-simulation method. The transient current limiting performances of HTS transformer under different short-circuit faults were simulated.The variation of each phase current, the current limiting rates and the temperature rises were compared as well. It is found that the maximum current limiting rate is 55.63% and the temperature rise depends on the current limiting ratio. Finally, a prototype coil of HTS transformer was constructed. The critical current and quench characteristics under a large current impact were tested. The experimental quench impedance of HTS transformer validates the current limiting effects and gives the reference to the design and protection of HTS transformer.
The increasing short-circuit current in the urban load center has exceeded the capacity of the circuit breaker and has become a major problem that threatens the safe operation of the power grid. The high temperature superconducting(HTS)transformer with fault current limiting characteristics can not only increase the capacity of urban substations, but also limit the short-circuit current, which has become one of the research hotspots. A mathematical analysis model of a 25 MV·A/110 kV HTS transformer was built for analyzing the quench and current limiting processes of the superconducting coils based on the magneto-thermal coupling method. Moreover, a singlemachine infinite bus system model with HTS transformer was established using PSCAD/EMTDC and Matlab co-simulation method. The transient current limiting performances of HTS transformer under different short-circuit faults were simulated.The variation of each phase current, the current limiting rates and the temperature rises were compared as well. It is found that the maximum current limiting rate is 55.63% and the temperature rise depends on the current limiting ratio. Finally, a prototype coil of HTS transformer was constructed. The critical current and quench characteristics under a large current impact were tested. The experimental quench impedance of HTS transformer validates the current limiting effects and gives the reference to the design and protection of HTS transformer.
引文
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[12]付珊珊.MVA容量超导涂层导体变压器绕组电磁设计及稳定性初步研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2015.Fu Shanshan.Electromagnetic design and preliminary stability study of MVA superconducting coated conductor transforming winding[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2015(in Chinese).
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[14]陈鑫,诸嘉慧,周卓楠,等.外界磁场对两种YBCO超导带材临界电流及n值影响分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):1-5.Chen Xin,Zhu Jiahui,Zhou Zhuonan,et al.Influence of background magnetic field on critical current[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):1-5(in Chinese).
[15]诸嘉慧,栗会峰,丘明,等.故障电流冲击下高温超导电缆磁-热耦合特性数值计算与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3176-3181.Zhu Jiahui,Li Huifeng,Qiu Ming.Numerical analysis on coupled magneto-thermal properties of high temperature superconducting cables subjected to fault currents[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3176-3181(in Chinese).
[16]安娜玛利娅.比安什,伊夫.福泰勒,雅克林娜.埃黛.传热学[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2008:56-58.Bianchi A M,Fautrelle Y,Etay J.Heat transfer theory[M].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,2008:56-58(in Chinese).
[17]Wang X,Trociewitz U P,Schwartza J.Near-adiabatic quench experiments on short YBa2Cu3O7-coated conductors[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2007,101:053904.
[18]Pelegrín J,Martínez E,Angurel L A,et al.Numerical and experimental analysis of normal zone propagation on 2GHTS wires[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2011,21(3):3041-3044.
[19]Iwasa Y.Case studies in superconducting magnets design and operational issues[M].New York:Plenum Press,1994:111-151.
[20]Janowski T,Wojtasiewicz G.Possibility of using the 2GHTS superconducting transformer to limit short-circuit currents in power network[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2012,22(3):5500804.
[2]张云飞.短路电流对供电系统的影响及预防对策[J].机电信息,2012(18):3-4.Zhang Yunfei.Influence of short-circuit current on power supply system and prevention[J].Electromechanical Information.2012(18):3-4(in Chinese).
[3]Wojtasiewicz G,Janowski T,Kozak S,et al.Experimental investigation of a model of a transformer-type superconducting fault current limiter with a superconducting coil made of a 2G HTS tape[J].IEEETransactions on Applied Superconductivity,2014,24(3):5601005.
[4]Kondratowicz-Kucewicz B,Wojtasiewicz G.The proposal of a transformer model with winding made of parallel 2GHTS tapes with transpositioners and its contact cooling system[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2018,28(4):5500405.
[5]王银顺,赵祥,韩军杰,等.630kVA三相高温超导变压器的研制和并网试验[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(27):24-31Wang Yingshun,Zhao Xiang,Han Junjie.Development and test in grid of 630 kVA three-phase high temperature superconducting transformer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(27):24-31(in Chinese).
[6]Fleishman L S,Volkov E P,Malginov V A,et al.Fault current limitation by a transformer type FCL based on the second generation HTS wires[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2011,21(3):1263-1266.
[7]Vysotsky V S,Fetisov S S,Zubko V V,et al.Development and test results of HTS windings for sperconducting transformer with 1MVA rated power[J].IEEETransactions on Applied Superconductivity,2017,27(4):5500105.
[8]Hellmann S,Abplanalp M,Hofstetter L,et al.Manufacturing of a 1-MVA-class superconducting fault current limiting transformer with recovery-under-load capabilities[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2017,27(4):5500305.
[9]Iwakuma M,Katanosaka Y,Sato S,et al.Development of REBCO superconducting transformers with a current limiting function[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2013,23(3):5500104.
[10]Fukumoto Y,Tomita,Iwakuma M.Current sharing properties of superconducting parallel conductors in rectifier transformers for railway electrification system[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2017,27(4):5500605.
[11]肖立业,古宏伟,王秋良,等.YBCO超导体的电工学应用研究进展[J].物理,2017,46(8):536-548.Xiao Liye,Gu Hongwei,Wang Qiuliang,et al.Research progress of YBCO superconductor in large-scale application[J].Physics,2017,46(8):536-548(in Chinese).
[12]付珊珊.MVA容量超导涂层导体变压器绕组电磁设计及稳定性初步研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2015.Fu Shanshan.Electromagnetic design and preliminary stability study of MVA superconducting coated conductor transforming winding[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2015(in Chinese).
[13]庄劲武,张晓锋,王晨,等.基于YBa2Cu3O7块材的高温超导限流器的限流特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8):45-48.Zhuang Jinwu,Zhang Xiaofeng,Wang Chen,et al.Research on current limiting properties of high temperature superconducting fault current limiter with bulk YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO)[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(8):45-48(in Chinese).
[14]陈鑫,诸嘉慧,周卓楠,等.外界磁场对两种YBCO超导带材临界电流及n值影响分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):1-5.Chen Xin,Zhu Jiahui,Zhou Zhuonan,et al.Influence of background magnetic field on critical current[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):1-5(in Chinese).
[15]诸嘉慧,栗会峰,丘明,等.故障电流冲击下高温超导电缆磁-热耦合特性数值计算与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3176-3181.Zhu Jiahui,Li Huifeng,Qiu Ming.Numerical analysis on coupled magneto-thermal properties of high temperature superconducting cables subjected to fault currents[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3176-3181(in Chinese).
[16]安娜玛利娅.比安什,伊夫.福泰勒,雅克林娜.埃黛.传热学[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2008:56-58.Bianchi A M,Fautrelle Y,Etay J.Heat transfer theory[M].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,2008:56-58(in Chinese).
[17]Wang X,Trociewitz U P,Schwartza J.Near-adiabatic quench experiments on short YBa2Cu3O7-coated conductors[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2007,101:053904.
[18]Pelegrín J,Martínez E,Angurel L A,et al.Numerical and experimental analysis of normal zone propagation on 2GHTS wires[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2011,21(3):3041-3044.
[19]Iwasa Y.Case studies in superconducting magnets design and operational issues[M].New York:Plenum Press,1994:111-151.
[20]Janowski T,Wojtasiewicz G.Possibility of using the 2GHTS superconducting transformer to limit short-circuit currents in power network[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2012,22(3):5500804.
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