层次分析法结合熵权法评估农村屋顶光伏系统电能质量
|
摘要
农村屋顶光伏项目的推进得到了国家政策的大力支持,但光伏的出力具有间歇性和波动性,接入电网后将会对配电网的电能质量造成影响,因此光伏接入后配网的电能质量也变得十分重要。判断矩阵的构造是电能质量评估的重要步骤,由于电能质量指标两两之间重要程度的判别是一个比较模糊的概念,因此各个专家对于指标间重要程度的判别必然会出现一些差异。文中利用D-S证据理论将多位专家对各项电能指标之间重要程度的不同判断意见融合起来,以此构成判断矩阵,避免了由于单个专家判断失误而造成评估结果不准确的风险。再使用熵权法与层次分析法相结合的方法来减小主观因素的干扰,并针对层次分析法以及熵权法存在的不足之处做出了改进。最后通过仿真试验表明,当电能质量综合评估中的三相不平衡指标和电压偏移指标剧烈变动时,采用文中所提出的方法可将这两项指标的权重从0.067和0.183提升到了0.164和0.192,最终的评估结果也从2.323提升到2.679,从权重系数上体现了二者的剧烈变化是对电能质量造成影响的主要因素,因此文中所提出的方法相比于传统的电能质量评估方法更加适用于电能质量指标波动情况较大的农村配电网系统。
The promotion of rural roof photovoltaic project has been strongly supported by the national policy,but because of the instability of light intensity,the output of photovoltaic is intermittent and volatile,and the instability of photovoltaic output causes great impact on the power quality of distribution network after photovoltaic access,so the power quality of distribution network after photovoltaic access becomes very important.The construction of judgment matrix is an important step in power quality evaluation.Because the judgment of the importance degree between two power quality indicators is a relatively vague concept,it is difficult to define clearly.Therefore,there are some differences in the judgment of the importance degree between the indicators from the experts.How to unify the opinions of the experts is the problem to be solved in the construction of judgment matrix.In this paper,the D-S evidence theory was used to fuse the different judgment opinions of experts on the importance of various electric energy indicators to form a judgment matrix,which could avoid the risk of inaccurate evaluation results caused by single expert's misjudgment.Then the weight distribution of each power quality index was obtained by analytic hierarchy process.In order to reduce the interference of subjective factors on the evaluation results,the entropy weight method was introduced to improve the analytic hierarchy process.The probability matrix of each power quality index was analyzed by the method of entropy weight,and the entropy weight distribution of each power quality index was obtained.The two weight allocations were synthesized.The composite weight coefficient reduced the interference of subjective factors on the evaluation results.At the same time,the paper improved the shortcomings of the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method,which not only avoided the steps of consistency checking in the analytic hierarchy process,simplified the calculation,but also solved the disadvantage of the traditional entropy weight method that when the entropy value approached to a minimum,the difference of the entropy value would cause the double changes of the entropy weight.Finally,the final power quality evaluation results were obtained by using probability theory and combining the comprehensive weight and the probability matrix of each power quality index.The simulation results showed that when the three-phase unbalance index and voltage offset index changed dramatically,the weight of the two indexes could be increased from 0.067 and 0.183 to 0.164 and 0.192 by the proposed method,and the final evaluation result could also be increased from 2.323 to 2.679.From the weight coefficient,it showed that the drastic change of the two factors was the main factor affecting power quality.Therefore,the proposed method is more suitable for rural distribution network system with large fluctuation of power quality indicators than the traditional power quality assessment method.
The promotion of rural roof photovoltaic project has been strongly supported by the national policy,but because of the instability of light intensity,the output of photovoltaic is intermittent and volatile,and the instability of photovoltaic output causes great impact on the power quality of distribution network after photovoltaic access,so the power quality of distribution network after photovoltaic access becomes very important.The construction of judgment matrix is an important step in power quality evaluation.Because the judgment of the importance degree between two power quality indicators is a relatively vague concept,it is difficult to define clearly.Therefore,there are some differences in the judgment of the importance degree between the indicators from the experts.How to unify the opinions of the experts is the problem to be solved in the construction of judgment matrix.In this paper,the D-S evidence theory was used to fuse the different judgment opinions of experts on the importance of various electric energy indicators to form a judgment matrix,which could avoid the risk of inaccurate evaluation results caused by single expert's misjudgment.Then the weight distribution of each power quality index was obtained by analytic hierarchy process.In order to reduce the interference of subjective factors on the evaluation results,the entropy weight method was introduced to improve the analytic hierarchy process.The probability matrix of each power quality index was analyzed by the method of entropy weight,and the entropy weight distribution of each power quality index was obtained.The two weight allocations were synthesized.The composite weight coefficient reduced the interference of subjective factors on the evaluation results.At the same time,the paper improved the shortcomings of the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method,which not only avoided the steps of consistency checking in the analytic hierarchy process,simplified the calculation,but also solved the disadvantage of the traditional entropy weight method that when the entropy value approached to a minimum,the difference of the entropy value would cause the double changes of the entropy weight.Finally,the final power quality evaluation results were obtained by using probability theory and combining the comprehensive weight and the probability matrix of each power quality index.The simulation results showed that when the three-phase unbalance index and voltage offset index changed dramatically,the weight of the two indexes could be increased from 0.067 and 0.183 to 0.164 and 0.192 by the proposed method,and the final evaluation result could also be increased from 2.323 to 2.679.From the weight coefficient,it showed that the drastic change of the two factors was the main factor affecting power quality.Therefore,the proposed method is more suitable for rural distribution network system with large fluctuation of power quality indicators than the traditional power quality assessment method.
引文
[1]韩富佳,王淳.基于Matlab的分布式光伏并网发电系统对配电网电能质量的影响[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(14):16-21.Han Fujia,Wang Chun.The influence of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system based on MATLAB on power quality of distribution network[J].Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation,2015,52(14):16-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]熊以旺,程浩忠,王海群,等.基于改进AHP和概率统计的电能质量综合评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(13):48-52,71.Xiong Yiwang,Cheng Haozhong,Wang Haiqun,et al.Comprehensive assessment of power quality based on improved AHP and probability statistics[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(13):48-52,71.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Sui Pengzhi,Wei Liu.The Comprehensive Assessment of Power Quality Based on Attribute Recognition Theory and AHP Algorithm[C]//Advanced Materials Research,2014,3530(1044).
[4]郭海洋,柳劲松,程浩忠,等.基于模糊数学和组合赋权法的分布式电源并网综合评估[J].现代电力,2017,34(2):14-19.Guo Haiyang,Liu Jinsong,Cheng Haozhong,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of grid-connected distributed generation based on fuzzy mathematics and combined weighting method[J].Modern Electric Power,2017,34(2):14-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]翟兴丽,文福拴,林振智,等.基于模糊层次分析法的电能质量综合评估与灵敏度分析[J].华北电力大学学报:自然科学版,2013,40(5):48-53.Zhai Xingli,Wen Fushuan,Lin Zhenzhi,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and sensitivity analysis of power quality based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University:Natural Science Edition,2013,40(5):48-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]万勇,杨星磊,王宏兵,等.基于概率分布的风电场电能质量综合评估[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(4):171-176.Wan Yong,Yang Xinglei,Wang Hongbing,et al.Comprehensive assessment of power quality of wind farms based on probability distribution[J].Power Capacitors and Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(4):171-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]高雯,王慧霞,姚翠兰.基于概率和矢量代数的电能质量综合评估[J].山西电力,2009(6):65-67.Gao Wen,Wang Huixia,Yao Cuilan.Comprehensive assessment of power quality based on probability and vector algebra[J].Shanxi Electric Power,2009(6):65-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]付学谦,陈皓勇.基于加权秩和比法的电能质量综合评估[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(1):128-132.Fu Xueqian,Chen Haoyong.Comprehensive evaluation of power quality based on weighted rank sum ratio[J].Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(1):128-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]欧阳森,石怡理.改进熵权法及其在电能质量评估中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):156-159,164.Ouyang Sen,Shi Yili.Improved entropy method and its application in power quality assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):156-159,164.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]杨立波.基于改进PSO-SVM的电能质量综合评估[J].测控技术,2018,37(1):150-153,158.Yang Libo.Comprehensive evaluation of power quality based on improved PSO-SVM[J].Measurement and Control Technology,2018,37(1):150-153,158.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]程志友,朱唯韦,陶青,等.基于改进雷达图的配电系统电能质量评估方法[J/OL].电测与仪表,2019.[2019-06-18].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/23.1202.TH.20181207.1641.110.html.Cheng Zhiyou,Zhu Weiwei,Tao Qing,Wang Zhao,Hu Zhengyang.Power quality evaluation method for distribution system based on improved radar chart[J/OL].Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation:[2019-06-18].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/23.1202.TH.20181207.1641.110.html.
[12]李娜娜,何正友.主客观权重相结合的电能质量综合评估[J].电网技术,2009,33(6):55-61.Li Nana,He Zhengyou.Comprehensive evaluation of power quality combined with subjective and objective weight[J].Power Grid Technology,2009,33(6):55-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]徐泽水.层次分析新标度法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1998(10):75-78.Xu Zeshui.New analytic hierarchy process(AHP)[J].Systems Engineering Theory and Practice,1998(10):75-78.
[14]王勇,刘金宁,曹曼,等.基于概率论与证据理论的风电场电能质量评估方法研究[J].华北电力大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(3):65-70.Wang Yong,Liu Jinning,Cao Man,et al.Study on the power quality assessment method of wind farm based on probability theory and evidence theory[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University:Natural Science Edition,2012,39(3):65-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]黄沁悦,周福林,刘双玲,等.基于区间灰色证据组合模型的电能质量评估方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2018,30(9):8-15.Huang Qinyue,Zhou Fulin,Liu Shuangling,et al.Power quality assessment method based on interval grey evidence combination model[J].Journal of Power Systems and Automation,2018,30(9):8-15.
[16]赵宪,周力行,邓维.改进的层次分析法在含分布式电源系统电能质量综合评估中的应用[J].中国电力,2014,47(12):72-78.Zhao Xian,Zhou Lixing,Deng Wei.Application of improved analytic hierarchy process(AHP)in the comprehensive evaluation of power quality including distributed generation system[J].China Electric Power,2014,47(12):72-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Eves Howard.Elementary Matrix Theory[M].New York:Dover Publications,1980.
[18]韩晓慧,杜松怀,苏娟,等.基于组合赋权法的农村低压配电网能效综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):195-202.Han Xiaohui,Du Songhuai,Su Juan,et al.Comprehensive evaluation method of energy efficiency of rural low voltage distribution network based on combination weighting method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(16):195-202.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]张占安,蔡兴国.采用熵理论确定抽水蓄能容量[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(3):34-39.Zhang Zhanan,Cai Xingguo.Using entropy theory to determine pumped storage capacity[J].Journal of Electrical Machinery and Control,2014,18(3):34-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]陆冬尧.基于改进熵权法的第三方物流企业核心竞争力研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.Lu Dongyao.Research on Core Competitiveness of Third Party Logistics Enterprises Based on Improved Entropy Weight Method[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]电能质量供电电压偏差:GB/T 12325-2008[S].
[22]电能质量电压波动和闪变:GB/T 12326-2008[S].
[23]电能质量公用电网间谐波:GB/T 24337-2009[S].
[24]电能质量三相电压不平衡:GB/T 15543-2008[S].
[25]电能质量电力系统频率允许偏差:GB/T 15945-1995[S].
[26]国家电网公司.分布式电源接入系统典型设计接入系统分册[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[2]熊以旺,程浩忠,王海群,等.基于改进AHP和概率统计的电能质量综合评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(13):48-52,71.Xiong Yiwang,Cheng Haozhong,Wang Haiqun,et al.Comprehensive assessment of power quality based on improved AHP and probability statistics[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(13):48-52,71.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Sui Pengzhi,Wei Liu.The Comprehensive Assessment of Power Quality Based on Attribute Recognition Theory and AHP Algorithm[C]//Advanced Materials Research,2014,3530(1044).
[4]郭海洋,柳劲松,程浩忠,等.基于模糊数学和组合赋权法的分布式电源并网综合评估[J].现代电力,2017,34(2):14-19.Guo Haiyang,Liu Jinsong,Cheng Haozhong,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of grid-connected distributed generation based on fuzzy mathematics and combined weighting method[J].Modern Electric Power,2017,34(2):14-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]翟兴丽,文福拴,林振智,等.基于模糊层次分析法的电能质量综合评估与灵敏度分析[J].华北电力大学学报:自然科学版,2013,40(5):48-53.Zhai Xingli,Wen Fushuan,Lin Zhenzhi,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and sensitivity analysis of power quality based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University:Natural Science Edition,2013,40(5):48-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]万勇,杨星磊,王宏兵,等.基于概率分布的风电场电能质量综合评估[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(4):171-176.Wan Yong,Yang Xinglei,Wang Hongbing,et al.Comprehensive assessment of power quality of wind farms based on probability distribution[J].Power Capacitors and Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(4):171-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]高雯,王慧霞,姚翠兰.基于概率和矢量代数的电能质量综合评估[J].山西电力,2009(6):65-67.Gao Wen,Wang Huixia,Yao Cuilan.Comprehensive assessment of power quality based on probability and vector algebra[J].Shanxi Electric Power,2009(6):65-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]付学谦,陈皓勇.基于加权秩和比法的电能质量综合评估[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(1):128-132.Fu Xueqian,Chen Haoyong.Comprehensive evaluation of power quality based on weighted rank sum ratio[J].Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(1):128-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]欧阳森,石怡理.改进熵权法及其在电能质量评估中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):156-159,164.Ouyang Sen,Shi Yili.Improved entropy method and its application in power quality assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):156-159,164.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]杨立波.基于改进PSO-SVM的电能质量综合评估[J].测控技术,2018,37(1):150-153,158.Yang Libo.Comprehensive evaluation of power quality based on improved PSO-SVM[J].Measurement and Control Technology,2018,37(1):150-153,158.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]程志友,朱唯韦,陶青,等.基于改进雷达图的配电系统电能质量评估方法[J/OL].电测与仪表,2019.[2019-06-18].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/23.1202.TH.20181207.1641.110.html.Cheng Zhiyou,Zhu Weiwei,Tao Qing,Wang Zhao,Hu Zhengyang.Power quality evaluation method for distribution system based on improved radar chart[J/OL].Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation:[2019-06-18].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/23.1202.TH.20181207.1641.110.html.
[12]李娜娜,何正友.主客观权重相结合的电能质量综合评估[J].电网技术,2009,33(6):55-61.Li Nana,He Zhengyou.Comprehensive evaluation of power quality combined with subjective and objective weight[J].Power Grid Technology,2009,33(6):55-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]徐泽水.层次分析新标度法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1998(10):75-78.Xu Zeshui.New analytic hierarchy process(AHP)[J].Systems Engineering Theory and Practice,1998(10):75-78.
[14]王勇,刘金宁,曹曼,等.基于概率论与证据理论的风电场电能质量评估方法研究[J].华北电力大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(3):65-70.Wang Yong,Liu Jinning,Cao Man,et al.Study on the power quality assessment method of wind farm based on probability theory and evidence theory[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University:Natural Science Edition,2012,39(3):65-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]黄沁悦,周福林,刘双玲,等.基于区间灰色证据组合模型的电能质量评估方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2018,30(9):8-15.Huang Qinyue,Zhou Fulin,Liu Shuangling,et al.Power quality assessment method based on interval grey evidence combination model[J].Journal of Power Systems and Automation,2018,30(9):8-15.
[16]赵宪,周力行,邓维.改进的层次分析法在含分布式电源系统电能质量综合评估中的应用[J].中国电力,2014,47(12):72-78.Zhao Xian,Zhou Lixing,Deng Wei.Application of improved analytic hierarchy process(AHP)in the comprehensive evaluation of power quality including distributed generation system[J].China Electric Power,2014,47(12):72-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Eves Howard.Elementary Matrix Theory[M].New York:Dover Publications,1980.
[18]韩晓慧,杜松怀,苏娟,等.基于组合赋权法的农村低压配电网能效综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):195-202.Han Xiaohui,Du Songhuai,Su Juan,et al.Comprehensive evaluation method of energy efficiency of rural low voltage distribution network based on combination weighting method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(16):195-202.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]张占安,蔡兴国.采用熵理论确定抽水蓄能容量[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(3):34-39.Zhang Zhanan,Cai Xingguo.Using entropy theory to determine pumped storage capacity[J].Journal of Electrical Machinery and Control,2014,18(3):34-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]陆冬尧.基于改进熵权法的第三方物流企业核心竞争力研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.Lu Dongyao.Research on Core Competitiveness of Third Party Logistics Enterprises Based on Improved Entropy Weight Method[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]电能质量供电电压偏差:GB/T 12325-2008[S].
[22]电能质量电压波动和闪变:GB/T 12326-2008[S].
[23]电能质量公用电网间谐波:GB/T 24337-2009[S].
[24]电能质量三相电压不平衡:GB/T 15543-2008[S].
[25]电能质量电力系统频率允许偏差:GB/T 15945-1995[S].
[26]国家电网公司.分布式电源接入系统典型设计接入系统分册[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |