黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持关键措施变化特征
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摘要
[目的]揭示黄土高原地区不同水土保持措施各阶段特点,为水土流失治理的关键措施和主要策略提供理论依据。[方法]以黄土丘陵沟壑区1954—2015年不同水土保持措施数据为基础,分析了梯田、造林、种草、封禁、淤地坝等5项水土保持措施的变化。[结果]各项措施的应用面积均随着治理年限增加呈上升趋势,其中以造林措施增幅最快,面积最大。各项措施历年增量比重相对稳定,造林措施增量比重最大为58%,封禁治理措施的面积增量比重逐步上升,梯田面积增量比重逐年下降;淤地坝工程数量表现出先增加后降低的趋势。[结论]黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持措施的时空变化格局与国家政策的指导性与地方治理需求有关,造林是该区域的最为主要的水土保持措施,封禁保护已成为黄土高原植被恢复的发展趋势。
[Objective] This paper reveals the characteristics of soil and water conservation measures in different stages of the Loess Plateau in order to provide theoretical basis for key measures and main strategies of soil and water loss control. [Methods] Based on the data of different soil and water conservation measures from 1954 to 2015 in the loess hilly and gully region, we analyzed the changes of the key measures of soil and water conservation, such as terrace, afforestation, grass planting, closure treatment and silt dam. [Results] The application area of the key measures of soil and water conservation increased with the growing governance years, and the fastest increase rate was the measure of afforestation. The incremental proportion of various soil and water conservation measures was relatively stable over the years. The maximum incremental proportion of woodland was 58%, and closed treatment area gradually increased while terrace area gradually decreased. The number of silt dams increased firstly and then decreased. [Conclusion] The temporal and spatial variation pattern of soil and water conservation measures is related to the guiding principle of national policies and the governance requirement of local governance in the loess hilly and gully region. Afforestation is the most important soil and water conservation measure in the region, and closure and protection has become the development trend of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau.
[Objective] This paper reveals the characteristics of soil and water conservation measures in different stages of the Loess Plateau in order to provide theoretical basis for key measures and main strategies of soil and water loss control. [Methods] Based on the data of different soil and water conservation measures from 1954 to 2015 in the loess hilly and gully region, we analyzed the changes of the key measures of soil and water conservation, such as terrace, afforestation, grass planting, closure treatment and silt dam. [Results] The application area of the key measures of soil and water conservation increased with the growing governance years, and the fastest increase rate was the measure of afforestation. The incremental proportion of various soil and water conservation measures was relatively stable over the years. The maximum incremental proportion of woodland was 58%, and closed treatment area gradually increased while terrace area gradually decreased. The number of silt dams increased firstly and then decreased. [Conclusion] The temporal and spatial variation pattern of soil and water conservation measures is related to the guiding principle of national policies and the governance requirement of local governance in the loess hilly and gully region. Afforestation is the most important soil and water conservation measure in the region, and closure and protection has become the development trend of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau.
引文
[1] 董晓辉,刘林,李金峰,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区经济作物欧李的水土保持功能[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):242-247.
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[8] 陈妮,李谭宝,张晓萍,等.北洛河流域植被覆盖度时空变化的遥感动态分析[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(3):206-210.
[9] 史晓亮,王馨爽.黄土高原草地覆盖度时空变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):189-194.
[10] 吴钦孝,等.黄土高原植被建设与持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[11] 康玲玲,王云璋,王霞,等.黄土高原沟壑区水土保持综合治理关键措施与组合研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):59-62.
[12] 李登科,范建忠,王娟.陕西省植被覆盖度变化特征及其成因[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2896-2903.
[13] 贾晓娟,常庆瑞,薛阿亮,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕还林生态效应评价[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):182-185.
[14] 王勇.甘肃省500万亩梯田建设工程的实践与探索[J].中国水土保持,2013(5):4-6.
[15] 宋振峰.甘肃省今年将新修梯田100万亩[EB/OL].中华人名共和国农业部,[2015-04-23](2018-12-24).http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/fwllm/qgxxlb/gs/201504/t20150423_4542784.htm.
[16] 张亚峰,王爱民,齐颖学.抢抓机遇迎难而上开创宁夏水土保持工作新局面[J].中国水土保持,2013(8):1-3.
[17] 彭镇华,董林水,张旭东,等.植被封禁保护是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(2):61-67.
[2] 姚文艺,冉大川,陈江南.黄河流域近期水沙变化及其趋势预测[J].水科学进展,2013,24(5):607-616.
[3] 刘晓燕,等.黄河近年水沙锐减成因[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[4] 孙宝胜,杨开宝,拓文俊.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区土壤水资源平衡利用与生态植被可持续发展[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(4):92-96.
[5] 高健翎,高云飞,岳本江,等.人民治理黄河70年水土保持效益分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(12):22-25.
[6] 中华人民共和国水利部.第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国水利部,2013:7.
[7] 刘国彬,上官周平,姚文艺,等.黄土高原生态工程的生态成效[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):11-19.
[8] 陈妮,李谭宝,张晓萍,等.北洛河流域植被覆盖度时空变化的遥感动态分析[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(3):206-210.
[9] 史晓亮,王馨爽.黄土高原草地覆盖度时空变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):189-194.
[10] 吴钦孝,等.黄土高原植被建设与持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[11] 康玲玲,王云璋,王霞,等.黄土高原沟壑区水土保持综合治理关键措施与组合研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):59-62.
[12] 李登科,范建忠,王娟.陕西省植被覆盖度变化特征及其成因[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2896-2903.
[13] 贾晓娟,常庆瑞,薛阿亮,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕还林生态效应评价[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):182-185.
[14] 王勇.甘肃省500万亩梯田建设工程的实践与探索[J].中国水土保持,2013(5):4-6.
[15] 宋振峰.甘肃省今年将新修梯田100万亩[EB/OL].中华人名共和国农业部,[2015-04-23](2018-12-24).http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/fwllm/qgxxlb/gs/201504/t20150423_4542784.htm.
[16] 张亚峰,王爱民,齐颖学.抢抓机遇迎难而上开创宁夏水土保持工作新局面[J].中国水土保持,2013(8):1-3.
[17] 彭镇华,董林水,张旭东,等.植被封禁保护是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(2):61-67.
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