饲粮直链/支链淀粉和淀粉酶对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其互作效应研究
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮直链/支链淀粉和淀粉酶对肉鸡生长性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验采用4×3双因子设计,选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡960只,随机分为12个组,每组5个重复,每个重复16羽肉鸡,饲粮直链/支链淀粉分别为0.11、0.23、0.35、0.47,淀粉酶的添加量分别为0、3 000、6 000 U/kg。试验期为21 d。试验测定了肉鸡生长性能和营养物质表观消化率。结果表明:1)直链/支链淀粉为0.23的饲粮组肉鸡的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比以直链/支链淀粉为0. 47的饲粮组最高(P <0. 05),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05);饲粮中添加6 000 U/kg淀粉酶显著降低肉鸡平均日增重(P <0. 05),但对料重比影响不显著(P>0.05);二者的互作效应不显著(P>0.05)。2)能量、粗蛋白质、干物质、粗脂肪以及钙表观消化率以直链/支链淀粉为0.11的饲粮组最高(P<0.05),直链/支链淀粉为0.47的饲粮组最低(P<0.05);饲粮中添加淀粉酶对营养物质表观消化率影响不显著(P>0.05);二者的互作效应对营养物质表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂直链/支链淀粉为0.23和淀粉酶添加量为3 000 U/kg的饲粮可提高肉鸡的生长性能。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of amylose/amylopectin and amylase on growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of broilers. The experiment used a 4 × 3 two factor design,and a total of 960 Arbor Acres( AA) broilers at 1 day of age were randomly divided into 12 groups with5 replicats in each group and 16 broilers in each replicat. The dietary amylose/amylopectin were 0.11,0.23,0. 35 and 0.47,and the addition amounts of amylase were 0,3 000 and 6 000 U/kg,respectively. The test period was 21 d,and the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of broilers were determined. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain of broilers in the group with amylose/amylopectin of 0.23 significantly increased( P<0.05),and the feed/gain was the highest in the group with amylose/amylopectin of0.47( P<0.05),the other groups were not significantly different( P>0.05); the addition of 6 000 U/kg amylase in the diets significantly reduced the average daily gain of broilers( P < 0.05),but the effect on the feed/gain was not significant( P>0.05); the interaction effect was not significant( P > 0.05). 2) The apparent digestibility of energy,crude protein,dry matter,crude fat and calcium were the highest in the group with amylose/amylopectin of 0.11( P < 0. 05),and the lowest in the group with amylose/amylopectin of 0. 47( P <0.05); the addition of amylase in diets had no significant effect on nutrient apparent digestibility( P > 0.05);the interaction effect had significant effect on nutrient apparent digestibility( P<0.05). In conclusion,feeding diets with amylose/amylopectin of 0.23 and amylase addition of 3 000 U/kg can improve the growth performance of broilers.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3086-3094]
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of amylose/amylopectin and amylase on growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of broilers. The experiment used a 4 × 3 two factor design,and a total of 960 Arbor Acres( AA) broilers at 1 day of age were randomly divided into 12 groups with5 replicats in each group and 16 broilers in each replicat. The dietary amylose/amylopectin were 0.11,0.23,0. 35 and 0.47,and the addition amounts of amylase were 0,3 000 and 6 000 U/kg,respectively. The test period was 21 d,and the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of broilers were determined. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain of broilers in the group with amylose/amylopectin of 0.23 significantly increased( P<0.05),and the feed/gain was the highest in the group with amylose/amylopectin of0.47( P<0.05),the other groups were not significantly different( P>0.05); the addition of 6 000 U/kg amylase in the diets significantly reduced the average daily gain of broilers( P < 0.05),but the effect on the feed/gain was not significant( P>0.05); the interaction effect was not significant( P > 0.05). 2) The apparent digestibility of energy,crude protein,dry matter,crude fat and calcium were the highest in the group with amylose/amylopectin of 0.11( P < 0. 05),and the lowest in the group with amylose/amylopectin of 0. 47( P <0.05); the addition of amylase in diets had no significant effect on nutrient apparent digestibility( P > 0.05);the interaction effect had significant effect on nutrient apparent digestibility( P<0.05). In conclusion,feeding diets with amylose/amylopectin of 0.23 and amylase addition of 3 000 U/kg can improve the growth performance of broilers.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3086-3094]
引文
[1] YIN Y L,DENG Z Y,HUANG H L,et al.Nutritional and health functions of carbohydrate for pigs[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2004,13(4):523-538.
[2]马杰,唐小懿,陈清华,等.动物饲粮淀粉的消化特性及淀粉酶的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(8):2925-2930.
[3] CAMP L K,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D. Effect of carbohydrate source on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2488-2495.
[4] REGMI P R,METZLER-ZEBELI B U,GNZLE MG,et al. Starch with high amylose content and lowin vitro digestibility increases intestinal nutrient flowand microbial fermentation and selectively promotes bifidobacteria in pigs[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(7):1273-1280.
[5]蒋正宇,周岩民,王恬.外源α-淀粉酶对21日龄肉鸡消化器官发育、肠道内源酶活性的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(7):672-677.
[6] GRACIA MI,ARANBAR MJ,LZARO R,et al.α-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(3):436-442.
[7]贺建华.饲料分析与检测[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[8]邓雪娟,刘国华,蔡辉益,等.分光光度计法测定家禽饲料和食糜中二氧化钛[J].饲料工业,2008,29(2):57-58.
[9]李志伟,钟雨越,吴权明,等.高直链玉米淀粉的理化特性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(7):53-60.
[10] ZHANG G Y,AO Z H,HAMAKER B R.Slowdigestion property of native cereal starches[J]. Biomacromolecules,2006,7(11):3252-3258.
[11] TESTER R F,KARKALAS J,QI X.Starch—composition,fine structure and architecture[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2004,39(2):151-165.
[12] GRACIA MI,LZARO R,LATORRE MA,et al.Influence of enzyme supplementation of diets and cooking-flaking of maize on digestive traits and growth performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,150(3/4):303-315.
[13]宾石玉,印遇龙,黄瑞林,等.淀粉来源对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(2):99-104.
[14]戴求仲,李湘,张石蕊,等.日粮直/支链淀粉比对黄羽肉仔鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(3):249-255.
[15] HE J,CHEN D W,YU B.Metabolic and transcriptomic responses of weaned pigs induced by different dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio[J]. PLoS One,2010,5(11):e15110.
[16] YANG C,CHEN D W,YU B,et al.Effect of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality in finishing pigs[J].Meat Science,2015,108:55-60.
[17] MITHIEUX G. Newdata and concepts on glutamine and glucose metabolism in the gut[J]. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,2001,4(4):267-271.
[18] WOLEVER T MS.Dietary carbohydrates and insulin action in humans[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2000,83(Suppl.1):S97-S102.
[19] SO P W,YU W S,KUO Y T,et al.Impact of resistant starch on body fat patterning and central appetite regulation[J].PLOS One,2007,2(12):e1309.
[20] ZHU H L,HU L L,HOU Y Q,et al.The effects of enzyme supplementation on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed corn-soybean diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1704-1712.
[21]刘迎春,辛守帅,张相伦,等.低温α-淀粉酶对饲料淀粉酶解及肉鸡生长性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(23):24-27.
[22] OLIVEIRA H B,SILVA MI A,MESQUITA F R.Supplementation levels of exogenous alpha-amylase in broilers diets[J]. Genetics and Molecular Research,2017,16(3):gmr16038766
[23] DOTI S,SUREZ-BELLOCH J,LATORRE MA,et al.Effect of dietary starch source on growth performances,digestibility and quality traits of growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2014,164:119-127.
[24]张遨然.玉米中淀粉支/直比及膨化加工对淀粉和能量消化率影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[25]蒲俊宁,王华杰,陈代文,等.饲粮直链/支链淀粉比对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道食糜菌群数量与挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及肌内脂肪含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4874-4885.
[26] LIU X H,YE C X,YE J D,et al. Effects of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,feed utilization,digestive enzymes,and postprandial metabolic responses in juvenile obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,40(5):1423-1436.
[27] VAN DER MAAREL MJ E C,VAN DER VEEN B,UITDEHAAG J C M,et al.Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of theα-amylase family[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2002,94(2):137-155.
[28] AMERAH A M,ROMERO L F,AWATI A,et al.Effect of exogenous xylanase,amylase,and protease as single or combined activities on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers fed corn/soy diets[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(4):807-816.
[29] YUAN J M,WANG X Y,YIN D F,et al. Effect of different amylases on the utilization of cornstarch in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2017,96(5):1139-1148.
[30] KACZMAREK S A,ROGIEWICZ A,MOGIELNICKA M,et al.The effect of protease,amylase,and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1745-1753.
[31] AMERAH A M.Interactions between wheat characteristics and feed enzyme supplementation in broiler diets[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,199:1-9.
[32] JANE J L. Current understanding on starch granule structures[J].Journal of Applied Glycoscience,2006,53(3):205-213.
[33] SINGH N,SINGH S,ISONO N,et al. Diversity in amylopectin structure,thermal and pasting properties of starches from wheat varieties/lines[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2009,45(3):298-304.
[2]马杰,唐小懿,陈清华,等.动物饲粮淀粉的消化特性及淀粉酶的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(8):2925-2930.
[3] CAMP L K,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D. Effect of carbohydrate source on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2488-2495.
[4] REGMI P R,METZLER-ZEBELI B U,GNZLE MG,et al. Starch with high amylose content and lowin vitro digestibility increases intestinal nutrient flowand microbial fermentation and selectively promotes bifidobacteria in pigs[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(7):1273-1280.
[5]蒋正宇,周岩民,王恬.外源α-淀粉酶对21日龄肉鸡消化器官发育、肠道内源酶活性的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(7):672-677.
[6] GRACIA MI,ARANBAR MJ,LZARO R,et al.α-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(3):436-442.
[7]贺建华.饲料分析与检测[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[8]邓雪娟,刘国华,蔡辉益,等.分光光度计法测定家禽饲料和食糜中二氧化钛[J].饲料工业,2008,29(2):57-58.
[9]李志伟,钟雨越,吴权明,等.高直链玉米淀粉的理化特性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(7):53-60.
[10] ZHANG G Y,AO Z H,HAMAKER B R.Slowdigestion property of native cereal starches[J]. Biomacromolecules,2006,7(11):3252-3258.
[11] TESTER R F,KARKALAS J,QI X.Starch—composition,fine structure and architecture[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2004,39(2):151-165.
[12] GRACIA MI,LZARO R,LATORRE MA,et al.Influence of enzyme supplementation of diets and cooking-flaking of maize on digestive traits and growth performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,150(3/4):303-315.
[13]宾石玉,印遇龙,黄瑞林,等.淀粉来源对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(2):99-104.
[14]戴求仲,李湘,张石蕊,等.日粮直/支链淀粉比对黄羽肉仔鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(3):249-255.
[15] HE J,CHEN D W,YU B.Metabolic and transcriptomic responses of weaned pigs induced by different dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio[J]. PLoS One,2010,5(11):e15110.
[16] YANG C,CHEN D W,YU B,et al.Effect of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality in finishing pigs[J].Meat Science,2015,108:55-60.
[17] MITHIEUX G. Newdata and concepts on glutamine and glucose metabolism in the gut[J]. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,2001,4(4):267-271.
[18] WOLEVER T MS.Dietary carbohydrates and insulin action in humans[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2000,83(Suppl.1):S97-S102.
[19] SO P W,YU W S,KUO Y T,et al.Impact of resistant starch on body fat patterning and central appetite regulation[J].PLOS One,2007,2(12):e1309.
[20] ZHU H L,HU L L,HOU Y Q,et al.The effects of enzyme supplementation on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed corn-soybean diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1704-1712.
[21]刘迎春,辛守帅,张相伦,等.低温α-淀粉酶对饲料淀粉酶解及肉鸡生长性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(23):24-27.
[22] OLIVEIRA H B,SILVA MI A,MESQUITA F R.Supplementation levels of exogenous alpha-amylase in broilers diets[J]. Genetics and Molecular Research,2017,16(3):gmr16038766
[23] DOTI S,SUREZ-BELLOCH J,LATORRE MA,et al.Effect of dietary starch source on growth performances,digestibility and quality traits of growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2014,164:119-127.
[24]张遨然.玉米中淀粉支/直比及膨化加工对淀粉和能量消化率影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[25]蒲俊宁,王华杰,陈代文,等.饲粮直链/支链淀粉比对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道食糜菌群数量与挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及肌内脂肪含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4874-4885.
[26] LIU X H,YE C X,YE J D,et al. Effects of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,feed utilization,digestive enzymes,and postprandial metabolic responses in juvenile obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,40(5):1423-1436.
[27] VAN DER MAAREL MJ E C,VAN DER VEEN B,UITDEHAAG J C M,et al.Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of theα-amylase family[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2002,94(2):137-155.
[28] AMERAH A M,ROMERO L F,AWATI A,et al.Effect of exogenous xylanase,amylase,and protease as single or combined activities on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers fed corn/soy diets[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(4):807-816.
[29] YUAN J M,WANG X Y,YIN D F,et al. Effect of different amylases on the utilization of cornstarch in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2017,96(5):1139-1148.
[30] KACZMAREK S A,ROGIEWICZ A,MOGIELNICKA M,et al.The effect of protease,amylase,and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1745-1753.
[31] AMERAH A M.Interactions between wheat characteristics and feed enzyme supplementation in broiler diets[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,199:1-9.
[32] JANE J L. Current understanding on starch granule structures[J].Journal of Applied Glycoscience,2006,53(3):205-213.
[33] SINGH N,SINGH S,ISONO N,et al. Diversity in amylopectin structure,thermal and pasting properties of starches from wheat varieties/lines[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2009,45(3):298-304.
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