添加不同水平的发酵棉粕对科宝肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同水平发酵棉粕替代豆粕对科宝肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取240只1日龄科宝肉鸡,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,不添加发酵棉粕;试验组分别添加3%、6%、9%发酵棉粕代替豆粕。试验共分生长前期(1～21 d)和生长后期(21～42 d)2个阶段进行,每个阶段开始和结束时对肉鸡称重,采集血液样品,测定各阶段肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及血清生化指标。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡1～21 d的料重比(F/G)均显著降低(P<0.05);9%发酵棉粕组肉鸡21～42 d平均日采食量(ADFI)显著降低(P<0.05);②与对照组相比,各阶段试验组肉鸡半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均升高,皮下脂肪厚度显著降低(P<0.05),其中6%组42 d的胸肌率和腿肌率显著高于对照组和9%发酵棉粕组(P<0.05);试验组42日龄肉鸡屠体率升高,其中3%和6%发酵棉粕组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);③21 d时,试验组肉鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量均较对照组降低,而血清总蛋白(TP)含量升高,其中6%发酵棉粕组效果最好;且42 d试验组血清钙(Ca)含量增加。综上所述,日粮中添加适量发酵棉粕可一定程度上改善科宝肉鸡生长性能,提高屠宰性能,降低血清中的TG和GLU含量,增加血清TP及Ca含量。
The study was conducted to examine the effects of replacement of soybean meal with fermented cottonseed meal(FCM) at different levels on growth performance,slaughter performance,and serum biochemical indexes of Cobb broilers.240 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate.Chicks in control group were fed basic diet without FCM,while that in experimental groups were fed experimental diets with 3%,6% and 9% FCM replacing soybean meal,respectively.The experiment was carried out in two stages:The early growth stage(1-21 d) and the late growth stage(21-42 d).At the beginning and end of each stage,the broilers were weighed and blood samples were collected,and the growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of broilers at each stage were measured.The results showed that:①Compared with control group,the F/G of 1 to 21 d in experimental group significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the ADFI of 21 to 42 d in 9% FCM group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).②Compared with control group,the percentages of half-eviscerated yield,breast muscle and leg muscle at two stages were increased and subcutaneous fat thickness were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The chest and leg muscle percentages of 6% FCM group were significantly higher than those of the control group and 9% FCM group on 42 d(P<0.05).The dressing percentage of experimental group increased on 42 d and the differences between the 3% and 6% FCM groups and the control group were significant(P<0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the concentration of serum TG and GLU in experimental groups were decreased comparing with that in control group,while TP content had the converse trend,and the 6% group had the best effect.At 42 days of age,the concentration of serum Ca in experimental groups were increased.In conclusion,adding appropriate amount of FCM in diet could improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of Cobb broilers,reduce the contents of serum TG and GLU,and increase the contents of serum TP and Ca to some extent.
The study was conducted to examine the effects of replacement of soybean meal with fermented cottonseed meal(FCM) at different levels on growth performance,slaughter performance,and serum biochemical indexes of Cobb broilers.240 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate.Chicks in control group were fed basic diet without FCM,while that in experimental groups were fed experimental diets with 3%,6% and 9% FCM replacing soybean meal,respectively.The experiment was carried out in two stages:The early growth stage(1-21 d) and the late growth stage(21-42 d).At the beginning and end of each stage,the broilers were weighed and blood samples were collected,and the growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of broilers at each stage were measured.The results showed that:①Compared with control group,the F/G of 1 to 21 d in experimental group significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the ADFI of 21 to 42 d in 9% FCM group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).②Compared with control group,the percentages of half-eviscerated yield,breast muscle and leg muscle at two stages were increased and subcutaneous fat thickness were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The chest and leg muscle percentages of 6% FCM group were significantly higher than those of the control group and 9% FCM group on 42 d(P<0.05).The dressing percentage of experimental group increased on 42 d and the differences between the 3% and 6% FCM groups and the control group were significant(P<0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the concentration of serum TG and GLU in experimental groups were decreased comparing with that in control group,while TP content had the converse trend,and the 6% group had the best effect.At 42 days of age,the concentration of serum Ca in experimental groups were increased.In conclusion,adding appropriate amount of FCM in diet could improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of Cobb broilers,reduce the contents of serum TG and GLU,and increase the contents of serum TP and Ca to some extent.
引文
[1] ZHANG W J,XU Z,SUN J,et al.A study on the reduction of gossypol levels by mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2006,19(19):1314-1321.
[2] ZHANG W J,XU Z R,ZHAO S H,et al.Development of a microbial fermentation process for detoxification of gossypol in cottonseed meal[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2006,135(1-2):176-186.
[3] SUN H,TANG J W,YAO X H,et al.Improvement of the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal by Bacillus subtilis and the addition of papain[J].International Journal of Agriculture & Biology,2012,1(4):563-568.
[4] 闫理东,张文举,聂存喜,等.发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(2):171-176.YAN L D,ZHANG W J,NIE C X,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on performance and slaughter performance in Yellow-feather broilers[J].Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science),2012,30(2):171-176.(in Chinese)
[5] 聂存喜,张文举,闫理东,等.棉粕源生物发酵饲料对黄羽肉鸡表观消化率、血液生化指标、免疫指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2011,33(23):23-27.NIE C X,ZHANG W J,YAN L D,et al.Effects of bio-fermented feed from cottonseed meal on apparent digestibility,plasma biochemical and immune indices in Yellow-feather broilers[J].China Poultry,2011,33(23):23-27.(in Chinese)
[6] 周映华,胡新旭,卞巧,等.无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):870-877.ZHOU Y H,HU X X,BIAN Q,et al.Effects of fermented feed without antibiotic on growth performance,intestinal flora and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing-finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(3):870-877.(in Chinese)
[7] 孙焕林,孙新文,李洪,等.枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉粕营养特性的研究[J].饲料研究,2015,10:16-19.SUN H L,SUN X W,LI H,et al.Study on nutritional characteristics of fermented cotton meal by Bacillus subtilis[J].Feed Research,2015,10:16-19.(in Chinese)
[8] NIE C X,ZHANG W J,WANG Y Q,et al.Tissue lipid metabolism and hepatic metabolomic profiling in response to supplementation of fermented cottonseed meal in the diets of broiler chickens[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B,2015,16(6):447-455.
[9] 杨宁.家禽生产学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.YANG N.Poultry Production Science[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[10] NIE C X,ZHANG W J,GE W X,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,apparent digestibility,carcass traits,and meat composition in Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,2015,39(3):350-356.
[11] TANG J W,SUN H,YAO X H,et al.Effects of replacement of soybean meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters and immune function of Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(3):393-400.
[12] 张晓羊,王永强,张文举,等.嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3885-3893.ZHANG X Y,WANG Y Q,ZHANG W J,et al.Effects of cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance,slaughter performance and biochemical indexes in serum of Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(12):3885-3893.(in Chinese)
[13] 聂存喜,张文举,闫理东,等.棉籽粕源发酵蛋白质饲料的代谢产物研究[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(8):1602-1609.NIE C X,ZHANG W J,YAN L D,et al.A study of metabolites of protein feed fermented with cottonseed meal mixed substrates[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(8):1602-1609.(in Chinese)
[14] FRITTS C A,KERSEY J H,MOTL M A,et al.Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (calsporin) improves live performance and microbiological status of broiler chickes[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2000,9:149-155.
[15] 和小黑.棉粕源枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料消化酶活性的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2014.HE X H.A Study on digestive enzymes activity of Bacillus subtilis fermented feed from cottonseed meal[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2014.(in Chinese)
[16] 李璐琳,曹珍,钟珊,等.饮用酵母发酵菌液对矮脚黄肉鸡生长性能、消化酶活性和盲肠菌落结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(9):3781-3790.LI L L,CAO Z,ZHONG S,et al.Effects of drinking Saccharomycetes fermented inoculants on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities and cecal microbiota structure of Dwarf Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(9):3781-3790.(in Chinese)
[17] SUN H,TANG J W,YAO X H,et al.Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal on growth,cecal microbial population,small intestinal morphology,and digestive enzyme activity of broilers[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2013,45(4):987-993.
[18] PLUMMER S F,GARAIOVA I,SARVOTHAM T,et al.Effects of probiotics on the composition of the intestinal microbiota following antibiotic therapy[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2005,26(1):69-74.
[19] BAURHOO B,FERKET P R,ZHAO X.Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance,intestinal development,cecal and litter microbial populations,and carcass parameters of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(11):2262-2272.
[20] NAJI S A H,AL-ZAMILI F B,AI-GHARAWI J K M,et al.The effect of feed wetting and fermentation on the intestinal flora,humoral and cellular immunity of broiler chicks[J].International Journal of Advanced Research,2015,3(1):87-94.
[21] JAZI V,BOLDAJI F,DASTAR B,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens [J].British Poultry Science,2017,58(4):402-408.
[22] WANG Y W,DENG Q Q,SONG D,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,serum biochemical parameters,immune functions,antioxidative abilities,and cecal microflora in broilers[J].Food & Agricultural Immunology,2017,28(4):725-738.
[23] 李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.LI K,LUO J J,MENG K,et al.Effects of probiotics on performance,carcass traits,immune function and meat quality of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2903-2910.(in Chinese)
[24] 廖玉英,黄英飞,韦凤英,等.不同益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(23):29-32.LIAO Y Y,HUANG Y F,WEI F Y,et al.Effects of different probiotic-preparation on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Yellow-feathered broiler[J].China Poultry,2014,36(23):29-32.(in Chinese)
[25] SALEH A A,AMBER K,El-MAGD M A,et al.Integrative effects of feeding Aspergillus awamori and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance and digestibility in broilers,promotion muscle protein metabolism[J].Biomed Research International,2014,2014:946859.
[26] NIE C X,ZHANG W J,GE W X,et al.Effect of cottonseed meal fermented with yeast on the lipid-related gene expression in broiler chickens[J].Food and Agricultural Immunnology,2015,17:57-64.
[27] 朱坤,毛胜勇,朱崇淼,等.发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质、血清生化指标和代谢产物的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,304(10):2444-2450.ZHU K,MAO S Y,ZHU C M,et al.Effects of fermented feed on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,serum biochemical indexes and metabolites of fattening pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(10):4244-4250.(in Chinese)
[2] ZHANG W J,XU Z R,ZHAO S H,et al.Development of a microbial fermentation process for detoxification of gossypol in cottonseed meal[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2006,135(1-2):176-186.
[3] SUN H,TANG J W,YAO X H,et al.Improvement of the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal by Bacillus subtilis and the addition of papain[J].International Journal of Agriculture & Biology,2012,1(4):563-568.
[4] 闫理东,张文举,聂存喜,等.发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(2):171-176.YAN L D,ZHANG W J,NIE C X,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on performance and slaughter performance in Yellow-feather broilers[J].Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science),2012,30(2):171-176.(in Chinese)
[5] 聂存喜,张文举,闫理东,等.棉粕源生物发酵饲料对黄羽肉鸡表观消化率、血液生化指标、免疫指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2011,33(23):23-27.NIE C X,ZHANG W J,YAN L D,et al.Effects of bio-fermented feed from cottonseed meal on apparent digestibility,plasma biochemical and immune indices in Yellow-feather broilers[J].China Poultry,2011,33(23):23-27.(in Chinese)
[6] 周映华,胡新旭,卞巧,等.无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):870-877.ZHOU Y H,HU X X,BIAN Q,et al.Effects of fermented feed without antibiotic on growth performance,intestinal flora and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing-finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(3):870-877.(in Chinese)
[7] 孙焕林,孙新文,李洪,等.枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉粕营养特性的研究[J].饲料研究,2015,10:16-19.SUN H L,SUN X W,LI H,et al.Study on nutritional characteristics of fermented cotton meal by Bacillus subtilis[J].Feed Research,2015,10:16-19.(in Chinese)
[8] NIE C X,ZHANG W J,WANG Y Q,et al.Tissue lipid metabolism and hepatic metabolomic profiling in response to supplementation of fermented cottonseed meal in the diets of broiler chickens[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B,2015,16(6):447-455.
[9] 杨宁.家禽生产学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.YANG N.Poultry Production Science[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[10] NIE C X,ZHANG W J,GE W X,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,apparent digestibility,carcass traits,and meat composition in Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,2015,39(3):350-356.
[11] TANG J W,SUN H,YAO X H,et al.Effects of replacement of soybean meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters and immune function of Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(3):393-400.
[12] 张晓羊,王永强,张文举,等.嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3885-3893.ZHANG X Y,WANG Y Q,ZHANG W J,et al.Effects of cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance,slaughter performance and biochemical indexes in serum of Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(12):3885-3893.(in Chinese)
[13] 聂存喜,张文举,闫理东,等.棉籽粕源发酵蛋白质饲料的代谢产物研究[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(8):1602-1609.NIE C X,ZHANG W J,YAN L D,et al.A study of metabolites of protein feed fermented with cottonseed meal mixed substrates[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(8):1602-1609.(in Chinese)
[14] FRITTS C A,KERSEY J H,MOTL M A,et al.Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (calsporin) improves live performance and microbiological status of broiler chickes[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2000,9:149-155.
[15] 和小黑.棉粕源枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料消化酶活性的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2014.HE X H.A Study on digestive enzymes activity of Bacillus subtilis fermented feed from cottonseed meal[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2014.(in Chinese)
[16] 李璐琳,曹珍,钟珊,等.饮用酵母发酵菌液对矮脚黄肉鸡生长性能、消化酶活性和盲肠菌落结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(9):3781-3790.LI L L,CAO Z,ZHONG S,et al.Effects of drinking Saccharomycetes fermented inoculants on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities and cecal microbiota structure of Dwarf Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(9):3781-3790.(in Chinese)
[17] SUN H,TANG J W,YAO X H,et al.Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal on growth,cecal microbial population,small intestinal morphology,and digestive enzyme activity of broilers[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2013,45(4):987-993.
[18] PLUMMER S F,GARAIOVA I,SARVOTHAM T,et al.Effects of probiotics on the composition of the intestinal microbiota following antibiotic therapy[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2005,26(1):69-74.
[19] BAURHOO B,FERKET P R,ZHAO X.Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance,intestinal development,cecal and litter microbial populations,and carcass parameters of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(11):2262-2272.
[20] NAJI S A H,AL-ZAMILI F B,AI-GHARAWI J K M,et al.The effect of feed wetting and fermentation on the intestinal flora,humoral and cellular immunity of broiler chicks[J].International Journal of Advanced Research,2015,3(1):87-94.
[21] JAZI V,BOLDAJI F,DASTAR B,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens [J].British Poultry Science,2017,58(4):402-408.
[22] WANG Y W,DENG Q Q,SONG D,et al.Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,serum biochemical parameters,immune functions,antioxidative abilities,and cecal microflora in broilers[J].Food & Agricultural Immunology,2017,28(4):725-738.
[23] 李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.LI K,LUO J J,MENG K,et al.Effects of probiotics on performance,carcass traits,immune function and meat quality of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2903-2910.(in Chinese)
[24] 廖玉英,黄英飞,韦凤英,等.不同益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(23):29-32.LIAO Y Y,HUANG Y F,WEI F Y,et al.Effects of different probiotic-preparation on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Yellow-feathered broiler[J].China Poultry,2014,36(23):29-32.(in Chinese)
[25] SALEH A A,AMBER K,El-MAGD M A,et al.Integrative effects of feeding Aspergillus awamori and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance and digestibility in broilers,promotion muscle protein metabolism[J].Biomed Research International,2014,2014:946859.
[26] NIE C X,ZHANG W J,GE W X,et al.Effect of cottonseed meal fermented with yeast on the lipid-related gene expression in broiler chickens[J].Food and Agricultural Immunnology,2015,17:57-64.
[27] 朱坤,毛胜勇,朱崇淼,等.发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质、血清生化指标和代谢产物的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,304(10):2444-2450.ZHU K,MAO S Y,ZHU C M,et al.Effects of fermented feed on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,serum biochemical indexes and metabolites of fattening pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(10):4244-4250.(in Chinese)
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