人工养殖条件下长江上游3种鱼类的周年生长特性分析
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摘要
【目的】掌握齐口裂腹鱼、鲈鲤和白甲鱼3种鱼类的生长规律,为其人工增养殖及规模化生产提供科学依据。【方法】在遵循自然水温变化规律的条件下,采用流水单养模式,分别定期测量齐口裂腹鱼、鲈鲤和白甲鱼的全长、体长和体重等生物学指标,研究分析这3种鱼类1龄幼鱼的周年生长特性。【结果】齐口裂腹鱼周年体质量特定生长率范围在0.16%/d～1.54%/d,体长特定生长率范围在0.09%/d～0.75%/d;鲈鲤周年体质量特定生长率范围在0.10%/d～1.62%/d,体长特定生长率范围在0.02%/d～0.50%/d;白甲鱼周年体质量特定生长率范围在0.11%/d～2.20%/d,体长特定生长率范围在0.13%/d～0.64%/d。白甲鱼在水温月均值大于20.0℃时(6—10月),其体质量增长较快,增幅较大;在水温月均值小于20.0℃时(11月—翌年3月),其体质量增长趋势相对较缓和,增幅较小。鲈鲤和齐口裂腹鱼的体质量周年增幅相对平缓,仅在水温月均值21.9～23.9℃时(5—6月)表现出相对较快的生长趋势。齐口裂腹鱼体长与体质量的拟合方程为y=0.0202x2.9217(R~2=0.9778),异速生长系数(b)为2.9217;全长与体长的拟合方程为y=1.0608x+1.7741(R~2=0.9782)。鲈鲤体长与体重的拟合方程为y=0.0195x2.8679(R~2=0.9925),b为2.8679;全长与体长的拟合方程为y=1.1133x+1.1829(R~2=0.9879)。白甲鱼体长与体重的拟合方程为y=0.0346x2.7749(R~2=0.9919),b为2.7749;全长与体长的拟合方程为y=1.2763x-0.2455(R~2=0.9969)。【结论】齐口裂腹鱼、鲈鲤和白甲鱼的幼鱼在人工养殖条件下周年生长状况良好,其中以白甲鱼周年生长最快,齐口裂腹鱼次之,鲈鲤生长较慢;3种鱼类生长的最适水温也存在差异。因此,在人工养殖过程中可根据其周年生长特性的规律,分阶段和分季节优化3种鱼类的投喂策略,促进其快速生长和营养供给,为增殖放流及物种保护提供保障。
【Objective】The current research revealed the growth patterns of Schizothorax prenanti,Percocypris pingi and Onychostoma sima Sauvage et Dabry,and accumulated basic data and provided scientific basis for artificial aquaculture and large-scale production.【Method】In this paper,under the condition of the rhythm of natural water temperature,the three-fish biological indicators such as full length,body length and body weight were regularly measured by the single-culture model,and the annual growth characteristics of the first-instar fish of these three fishes were studied.【Result】The specific growth rate of the body weight of S. prenantiwas 0.16%/d-1.54%/d,and the specific growth rate of the body length 0.09%/d-0.75%/d. The specific growth rate of the body weight of P. pingiwas 0.10%/d-1.62%/d,and the specific growth rate of the body length 0.02%/d-0.50%/d. The specific growth rate of the body mass of the O. sima was 0.11%/d-2.20%/d,and the specific growth rate of the body length 0.13%/d-0.64%/d. When the monthly mean value of water temperature was greater than 20 ℃(June to October),the weight growth of the O. simawas relatively fast,and the growth rate was large. When the monthly average temperature of water was less than 20 ℃(November-March of the next year),the weight gain wassmaller and growth rate was small. The annual increase of P. pingi and S. prenanti was relatively flat,only between the water temperature monthly average of 21.9-23.9 ℃(May to June)the growth was fast. The fitting equation for the body length and body weight of the S. prenanti was y=0.0202 x2.9217(R~2=0.9778),the allometry coefficient(b)was2.9217 and the fitting equation for the full length and body length was y=1.0608 x+1.7741(R~2=0.9782). The fitting equation for body length and body weight of P. pingi was y=0.0195 x2.8679(R~2=0.9925),the b value was 2.8679,and the fitting equation for full length and body length was y=1.1133 x+1.1829(R~2=0.9879). The fitting equation for the body length and body weight of the O. sima was y=0.0346 x2.7749(R~2=0.9919),the b value was 2.7749,the fitting equation for the full length and body length was y=1.2763 x-0.2455(R~2=0.9969).【Conclusion】Under the conditions of artificial breeding,the growth of these three kinds of fish is good. Among them,the annual growth of O. sima is the fastest,followed by S. prenanti,and the growth of P. pingi the slowest. There is also difference in the optimal water temperature for the growth of the three fish species. Therefore,in the process of artificial breeding,the law of annual growth characteristics can be utilized,and the feeding methods of three kinds of fish can be optimized in stages and seasons to promote rapid growth and nutrient supply,and provide guarantee for proliferation and release and species protection.
【Objective】The current research revealed the growth patterns of Schizothorax prenanti,Percocypris pingi and Onychostoma sima Sauvage et Dabry,and accumulated basic data and provided scientific basis for artificial aquaculture and large-scale production.【Method】In this paper,under the condition of the rhythm of natural water temperature,the three-fish biological indicators such as full length,body length and body weight were regularly measured by the single-culture model,and the annual growth characteristics of the first-instar fish of these three fishes were studied.【Result】The specific growth rate of the body weight of S. prenantiwas 0.16%/d-1.54%/d,and the specific growth rate of the body length 0.09%/d-0.75%/d. The specific growth rate of the body weight of P. pingiwas 0.10%/d-1.62%/d,and the specific growth rate of the body length 0.02%/d-0.50%/d. The specific growth rate of the body mass of the O. sima was 0.11%/d-2.20%/d,and the specific growth rate of the body length 0.13%/d-0.64%/d. When the monthly mean value of water temperature was greater than 20 ℃(June to October),the weight growth of the O. simawas relatively fast,and the growth rate was large. When the monthly average temperature of water was less than 20 ℃(November-March of the next year),the weight gain wassmaller and growth rate was small. The annual increase of P. pingi and S. prenanti was relatively flat,only between the water temperature monthly average of 21.9-23.9 ℃(May to June)the growth was fast. The fitting equation for the body length and body weight of the S. prenanti was y=0.0202 x2.9217(R~2=0.9778),the allometry coefficient(b)was2.9217 and the fitting equation for the full length and body length was y=1.0608 x+1.7741(R~2=0.9782). The fitting equation for body length and body weight of P. pingi was y=0.0195 x2.8679(R~2=0.9925),the b value was 2.8679,and the fitting equation for full length and body length was y=1.1133 x+1.1829(R~2=0.9879). The fitting equation for the body length and body weight of the O. sima was y=0.0346 x2.7749(R~2=0.9919),the b value was 2.7749,the fitting equation for the full length and body length was y=1.2763 x-0.2455(R~2=0.9969).【Conclusion】Under the conditions of artificial breeding,the growth of these three kinds of fish is good. Among them,the annual growth of O. sima is the fastest,followed by S. prenanti,and the growth of P. pingi the slowest. There is also difference in the optimal water temperature for the growth of the three fish species. Therefore,in the process of artificial breeding,the law of annual growth characteristics can be utilized,and the feeding methods of three kinds of fish can be optimized in stages and seasons to promote rapid growth and nutrient supply,and provide guarantee for proliferation and release and species protection.
引文
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