“公司+农户”模式下农户生计资本变化测度——基于可持续生计分析框架
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摘要
为研究农户在"公司+农户"模式下进行生产活动后其生计水平的变化,本文基于可持续生计分析框架,利用甘肃省张掖市民乐县的调查数据,确定农户生计资本量表。借助因子分析法,从水平和结构两方面评价农户与公司合作前后的生计资本变化情况。研究结果表明:(1)与公司合作后,农户生计资本总体水平得到提高,其中自然资本、物质资本、金融资本的变化较人力资本、社会资本的变化显著。(2)结构上,与公司合作后农户自然资本与金融资本紧密性下降,金融资本与人力资本、社会资本的紧密性上升,农户增收不再单纯依靠扩大实际使用的耕地面积,农户被动卷入市场的程度提升。(3)相关性分析表明,农户与公司合作前各项生计资本与公司合作后各项生计资本联系紧密,公司合作前农户的生计资本水平正向影响与公司合作后农户的生计资本,但各个维度的影响重要程度不一。基于此,农业产业化政策的制定应区别对待不同类型农户,注重培养与发展农户生计能力。
In order to study the change of farmers' production activities under the mode of"company +farmers"on their livelihood level,this paper based on improvement of sustainable livelihood approach,used the survey data of Zhangye and the factor analysis,determined the scale system of farmers' livelihood capital,evaluated the changes of farmers' livelihood capability from level and structure. Empirical research conclusions based on rural households include:( 1) Since cooperation with the company,the livelihood capital level of farmers is improved. Farmers' natural assets,material capital and financial assets are higher than before. Human assets and social assets in the study periods are stable;( 2) The tightness between natural assets and financial assets is reduced,and increase the tightness between financial assets and human and social assets,which means that the increase in farmers income is no longer solely dependent on expanding the area of cultivated land actually used. Farmers are passively involved in the market;( 3) Correlation analysis shows that the livelihood capital of farmers before the cooperation with the company is closely related to the after,and livelihood capital has a positive impact on the livelihood capital after,but their importance is different. The formulation of agricultural industrialization policy should treat different types of farmers differently and pay attention to the cultivation and development of farmers' livelihood ability.
In order to study the change of farmers' production activities under the mode of"company +farmers"on their livelihood level,this paper based on improvement of sustainable livelihood approach,used the survey data of Zhangye and the factor analysis,determined the scale system of farmers' livelihood capital,evaluated the changes of farmers' livelihood capability from level and structure. Empirical research conclusions based on rural households include:( 1) Since cooperation with the company,the livelihood capital level of farmers is improved. Farmers' natural assets,material capital and financial assets are higher than before. Human assets and social assets in the study periods are stable;( 2) The tightness between natural assets and financial assets is reduced,and increase the tightness between financial assets and human and social assets,which means that the increase in farmers income is no longer solely dependent on expanding the area of cultivated land actually used. Farmers are passively involved in the market;( 3) Correlation analysis shows that the livelihood capital of farmers before the cooperation with the company is closely related to the after,and livelihood capital has a positive impact on the livelihood capital after,but their importance is different. The formulation of agricultural industrialization policy should treat different types of farmers differently and pay attention to the cultivation and development of farmers' livelihood ability.
引文
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[8]赵建军,贺宇航,黄润秋,等.基于因子分析法的边坡稳定性评价指标权重[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(2):325.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2015.02.018.
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[10]王海燕,杨方廷,刘鲁.标准化系数与偏相关系数的比较与应用[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(9):150.DOI:10.13653/j.cnki.jqte.2006.09.016.
[11]贺雪峰.论中国村庄结构的东部与中西部差异[J].学术月刊,2017,49(6):111.DOI:CNKI:SUN:XSYK.0.2017-06-012.
[2]苑鹏.“公司+合作社+农户”下的四种农业产业化经营模式探析:从农户福利改善的视角[J].中国农村经济,2013(4):71.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6063.2013.07.003.
[3]杨水根.资本下乡支持农业产业化发展:模式、路径与机制[J].生态经济,2014(11):89.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-4407.2014.11.019.
[4]杜吟棠.农业产业化经营和农民组织创新对农民收入的影响[J].中国农村观察,2005(3):9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8439.2006.02.015.
[5]高进云,周智乔,荣峰.森的可行能力理论框架下土地征收对农民福利的影响测度[J].中国软科学,2010(12):59.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2010.12.008.
[6]史俊宏,赵立娟.生计转型背景下生态移民生计脆弱性及其可持续生计途径[J].中国管理信息化,2012,15(15):46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-0194.2012.15.026.
[7]丁士军,张银银,马志雄.被征地农户生计能力变化研究:基于可持续生计框架的改进[J].农业经济问题,2016,37(6):25.DOI:10.13246/j.cnki.iae.2016.06.004.
[8]赵建军,贺宇航,黄润秋,等.基于因子分析法的边坡稳定性评价指标权重[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(2):325.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2015.02.018.
[9]樊勇.大学生社会实践成果的影响因素权重确定:基于因子分析法[J].湖北第二师范学院学报,2018,35(6):112.DOI:CNKI:SUN:PXYJ.0.2018-06-023.
[10]王海燕,杨方廷,刘鲁.标准化系数与偏相关系数的比较与应用[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(9):150.DOI:10.13653/j.cnki.jqte.2006.09.016.
[11]贺雪峰.论中国村庄结构的东部与中西部差异[J].学术月刊,2017,49(6):111.DOI:CNKI:SUN:XSYK.0.2017-06-012.