3～6岁幼儿基本动作技能与静态行为的关系
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摘要
探讨3～6岁幼儿基本动作技能与静态行为的关系,为干预幼儿静态行为提供依据。选取上海市355名3～6岁的幼儿为调查对象,基本动作技能采用TGMD-2测量,静态行为时间由父母代理报告。结果表明:上海市3～6岁幼儿基本动作技能水平有待提高;位移动作技能存在性别差异,女童位移技能水平优于男童;随着年龄的增长基本动作技能得分、位移动作技能得分和物体操作技能得分均呈现出显著差异。静态行为总时间远超推荐量,主要与非屏前静态行为时间有关。基本动作技能、位移动作技能对静态行为总时间、非屏前静态行为时间的回归效应皆显著,可见基本动作技能及其子域中的位移动作技能是静态行为总时间和非屏前静态行为时间的负相关因素。提升位移动作技能对减少3～6岁幼儿静态行为总时间、非屏前静态行为时间具有正向促进作用。
The authors probed into the relationships between the basic movement skills and sedentary behaviors of children aged 3-6, so as to provide a basis for intervening children sedentary behaviors. The authors selected 355 children aged3-6 in Shanghai as the investigation objects; the basic movement skills were measured by TGMD-2, while the times of sedentary behaviors were reported by the parents as the agents. The results indicated the followings: the basic movement skill performance of children aged 3-6 in Shanghai needed to be improved; there were gender differences in displacement movement skills, the girls' displacement movement skill performance was better than the boys'; with the increase of age,the basic movement skill score, the displacement movement skill score, and the object operating skill score, showed significant differences. The total time of sedentary behaviors was far beyond the recommended, mainly related to the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors. The regression effects of the basic movement skills and the displacement movement skills on the total time of sedentary behaviors and the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors were all significant. Evidently, the basic movement skills and the displacement movement skills in their sub-domain were the negative correlation factors of the total time of sedentary behaviors and the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors. Improving the displacement movement skills played a positive promotion role in reducing the total time of sedentary behaviors and the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors of children aged 3-6.
The authors probed into the relationships between the basic movement skills and sedentary behaviors of children aged 3-6, so as to provide a basis for intervening children sedentary behaviors. The authors selected 355 children aged3-6 in Shanghai as the investigation objects; the basic movement skills were measured by TGMD-2, while the times of sedentary behaviors were reported by the parents as the agents. The results indicated the followings: the basic movement skill performance of children aged 3-6 in Shanghai needed to be improved; there were gender differences in displacement movement skills, the girls' displacement movement skill performance was better than the boys'; with the increase of age,the basic movement skill score, the displacement movement skill score, and the object operating skill score, showed significant differences. The total time of sedentary behaviors was far beyond the recommended, mainly related to the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors. The regression effects of the basic movement skills and the displacement movement skills on the total time of sedentary behaviors and the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors were all significant. Evidently, the basic movement skills and the displacement movement skills in their sub-domain were the negative correlation factors of the total time of sedentary behaviors and the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors. Improving the displacement movement skills played a positive promotion role in reducing the total time of sedentary behaviors and the time of non before-screen sedentary behaviors of children aged 3-6.
引文
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[8]GU X.Fundamental motor skill,physical activity,and sedentary behavior in socioeconomically disadvantaged kindergarteners[J].Psychology Health&Medicine,2015,21(7):1.
[9]WHITE K,MACKAY L,WOOLLER L,et al.Fundamental movement skills,sedentary behaviour and weight status in preschool children[J].Journal of Science&Medicine in Sport,2012,15(Suppl1):S61.
[10]MATARMA T,LAGSTR M H,HURME S,et al.Motor skills in association with physical activity,sedentary time,body fat,and day care attendance in 5‐6‐year‐old children-The STEPS Study[J].Scandinavian journal of Medicine&Science in Sports,2018.
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[12]桂春燕,王荣辉,刘鑫.儿童基本动作技能与体力活动关联性研究进展[J/OL].体育学刊:1~7[2019~01~25].https://doi.org/10.16237/j.cnki.cn44~1404/g8.20190122.002.
[13]DA U.Test of gross motor development(Secondedi~tion)examiner’s manual[M].Austin TX:Pro~ed publisher,2000.
[14]ROSENBERG D E,NORMAN G J,WAGNER N,et al.Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire(SBQ)for adults[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2010,7(6):697.
[15]吴升扣,姜桂萍,龚睿,等.3~6岁幼儿本体感觉能力和粗大动作发展水平的特征及相关性研究[J].体育学刊,2016,23(1):131-135.
[16]TREMBLAY M S,LEBLANC A G,KHO M E,et al.Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school~aged children and youth[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition&Physical Activity,2011,8(1):98.
[17]JOHANSSON E,HAGSTR MER M,SVENSSONV,et al.Objectively measured physical activity in two~year~old children-levels,patterns and correlates[J].Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act,2015,12(1):1-7.
[18]ALHASSAN S,NWAOKELEMEH O,GHAZARIAN M,et al.Effects of locomotor skill program on minority preschoolers’physical activity levels[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2012,24(3):435.
[19]SLYKERMAN S,RIDGERS N D,STEVENSONC,et al.How important is young children's actual and perceived movement skill competence to their physical activity?[J].Journal of Science&Medicine in Sport,2016,19(6):488-492.
[20]BRAD M,LINDA V,ALISON J,et al.Physical activity cost of the school run:Impact on schoolchildren of being driven to school(EarlyBird 22)[J].Bmj,2004,329(7470):832-833.
[21]MALTA D C,MENDES I,BARRETO S M,et al.Prevalência de fatores de risco e prote??o de doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmissíveis em adolescentes:resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar(PeNSE),Brasil,2009[J].Ciência&Saúde Coletiva,2010,15(15Suppl 2):3009.
[22]KAMBAS A,MICHALOPOULOU M,FATOUROS I G,et al.The relationship between motor proficiency and pedometer-determined physical activity in young children[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2012,24(1):34-44.
[2]叶孙岳.静态行为流行病学研究进展[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(3):402~405.
[3]国家体育总局体育科学研究所、北京体育大学与首都儿科研究所.学龄前儿童(3~6岁)运动指南(专家共识版)[Z].2018.
[4]TREMBLAY M S,BARNES J D,GONZ LEZ S A,et al.Global Matrix 2.0:Report card grades on the physical activity of children and youth comparing 38countries[J].J Phys Act Health,2016,13(11 Suppl 2):S343.
[5]GREGPAYNE,耿培新,梁国立,等.人类动作发展概论[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2008.
[6]马瑞,宋珩.基本运动技能发展对儿童身体活动与健康的影响[J].体育科学,2017,37(4):54-61+97.
[7]陈思同,刘阳,唐炎,等.对我国体育素养概念的理解--基于对Physical Literacy的解读[J].体育科学,2017,37(6):41-51.
[8]GU X.Fundamental motor skill,physical activity,and sedentary behavior in socioeconomically disadvantaged kindergarteners[J].Psychology Health&Medicine,2015,21(7):1.
[9]WHITE K,MACKAY L,WOOLLER L,et al.Fundamental movement skills,sedentary behaviour and weight status in preschool children[J].Journal of Science&Medicine in Sport,2012,15(Suppl1):S61.
[10]MATARMA T,LAGSTR M H,HURME S,et al.Motor skills in association with physical activity,sedentary time,body fat,and day care attendance in 5‐6‐year‐old children-The STEPS Study[J].Scandinavian journal of Medicine&Science in Sports,2018.
[11]LAUKKANEN A,PESOLA A,HAVU M,et al.Relationship between habitual physical activity and gross motor skills is multifaceted in 5-to 8-year-old children[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine&Science in Sports,2014,24(2):e102~e10.
[12]桂春燕,王荣辉,刘鑫.儿童基本动作技能与体力活动关联性研究进展[J/OL].体育学刊:1~7[2019~01~25].https://doi.org/10.16237/j.cnki.cn44~1404/g8.20190122.002.
[13]DA U.Test of gross motor development(Secondedi~tion)examiner’s manual[M].Austin TX:Pro~ed publisher,2000.
[14]ROSENBERG D E,NORMAN G J,WAGNER N,et al.Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire(SBQ)for adults[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2010,7(6):697.
[15]吴升扣,姜桂萍,龚睿,等.3~6岁幼儿本体感觉能力和粗大动作发展水平的特征及相关性研究[J].体育学刊,2016,23(1):131-135.
[16]TREMBLAY M S,LEBLANC A G,KHO M E,et al.Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school~aged children and youth[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition&Physical Activity,2011,8(1):98.
[17]JOHANSSON E,HAGSTR MER M,SVENSSONV,et al.Objectively measured physical activity in two~year~old children-levels,patterns and correlates[J].Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act,2015,12(1):1-7.
[18]ALHASSAN S,NWAOKELEMEH O,GHAZARIAN M,et al.Effects of locomotor skill program on minority preschoolers’physical activity levels[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2012,24(3):435.
[19]SLYKERMAN S,RIDGERS N D,STEVENSONC,et al.How important is young children's actual and perceived movement skill competence to their physical activity?[J].Journal of Science&Medicine in Sport,2016,19(6):488-492.
[20]BRAD M,LINDA V,ALISON J,et al.Physical activity cost of the school run:Impact on schoolchildren of being driven to school(EarlyBird 22)[J].Bmj,2004,329(7470):832-833.
[21]MALTA D C,MENDES I,BARRETO S M,et al.Prevalência de fatores de risco e prote??o de doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmissíveis em adolescentes:resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar(PeNSE),Brasil,2009[J].Ciência&Saúde Coletiva,2010,15(15Suppl 2):3009.
[22]KAMBAS A,MICHALOPOULOU M,FATOUROS I G,et al.The relationship between motor proficiency and pedometer-determined physical activity in young children[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2012,24(1):34-44.
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