赤水河黔西北段植物群落物种多样性特征
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摘要
为促进赤水河流域上游黔西北段植被恢复和生物多样性保护,设立35个森林群落样地,采取样方调查方法,对植物群落物种多样性进行统计分析,采用去趋势典范对应分析(detrended canonical correspondence analysis,DCCA)排序法,分析群落与环境因子的关系。结果表明:赤水河上游黔西北段样地中,共调查到79科183属262种物种,植物组成丰富。不同植物群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层的多样性指数差异较大,以灌木层的多样性指数变化最小。银白杨(Populus alba)和亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)为优势树种的林分具有更为复杂的结构,但优势树种分布亦趋于集中。经度、纬度和海拔对样地分布的影响效应较强,坡位、坡向对群落分布的影响效应较弱,坡度越低则群落组成越丰富。研究区群落多样性受到丰富度在内的诸多因子影响,因此建议对该区森林群落进行综合管理和科学经营。
In order to promote vegetation restoration and biodiversity conservation in the upper reaches of Chishui River basin in northwestern Guizhou section,35 sample plots of forest community were set up,and sample survey methods were used to statistically analyze plant species diversity,using detrended canonical correspondence analysis( DCCA) ranking method to analyze the relationship between community and environmental factors. The result indicated that 262 species of 183 genera and 79 families were found in total in the upper reaches of Chishui River basin in northwestern Guizhou part,which were diversified composition. The diversity indexes of tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer in different plant communities were significantly different,presenting the smallest change in shrub layer.Forest stand with Populus alba and Betula luminifera as dominant tree species had more complex structure,while considering the distribution of dominant tree species also tended to concentrated. The effect of longitude,latitude and altitude on the distribution of sample plots was strong,but the impact of slope position and slope direction on community distribution was weak. The lower the slope was,the richer the community composition would be. The community diversity of sample plots were influenced by several factors including richness. Therefore,it is suggested to use comprehensive and scientific manner of the forest community in the study area.
In order to promote vegetation restoration and biodiversity conservation in the upper reaches of Chishui River basin in northwestern Guizhou section,35 sample plots of forest community were set up,and sample survey methods were used to statistically analyze plant species diversity,using detrended canonical correspondence analysis( DCCA) ranking method to analyze the relationship between community and environmental factors. The result indicated that 262 species of 183 genera and 79 families were found in total in the upper reaches of Chishui River basin in northwestern Guizhou part,which were diversified composition. The diversity indexes of tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer in different plant communities were significantly different,presenting the smallest change in shrub layer.Forest stand with Populus alba and Betula luminifera as dominant tree species had more complex structure,while considering the distribution of dominant tree species also tended to concentrated. The effect of longitude,latitude and altitude on the distribution of sample plots was strong,but the impact of slope position and slope direction on community distribution was weak. The lower the slope was,the richer the community composition would be. The community diversity of sample plots were influenced by several factors including richness. Therefore,it is suggested to use comprehensive and scientific manner of the forest community in the study area.
引文
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[24]吴昊.秦岭松栎林群落物种丰富度特征及其环境解释[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(6):931-938.
[25]LOMOLION M V. Elevation gradients of species-density:hietorical and prospective views[J]. Global Ecol&Biogeogr,2010,10(1):101-109.
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[27]杨卫城,温清,周旭林,等.贵州尧林2号洞动物群落多样性及部分环境因子测定[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(2):26-32.
[2]Thibaut L M,Connolly S R. Understanding diversity-stability relationships:towards a unifed model of portfolio effects[J]. Ecol Lett,2013,16(2):140-150.
[3]刘建荣.云顶山自然保护区植物群落物种多样性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(10):79-85.
[4]沙威,董世魁,刘世梁,等.阿尔金山自然保护区植物群落生物量和物种多样性的空间格局及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):330-337.
[5]齐瑞,郭星,赵阳,等.白龙江珍稀濒危植物大果青杄群落物种多样性特征分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):161-164.
[6]石明明,牛得草,王莹,等.围封与放牧管理对高寒草甸植物功能性状和功能多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(6):1216-1225.
[7]徐翔,张化永,谢婷,等.西双版纳种子植物物种多样性的垂直格局及机制[J].生物多样性,2018,26(7):678-689.
[8]黄先寒,兰国玉,杨川,等.云南橡胶林林下植物群落物种多样性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2138-2148.
[9]王国明,叶波.舟山群岛典型植物群落物种组成及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(2):349-358.
[10]沈年华,李传磊,王小德.浙江省丹霞地貌植物群落物种多样性研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):382-384,390.
[11]WANG J,LUO X H,ZHANG Y F,et al. Plant specier diversity for vegetation restoration in manganese tailing waeteland[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res,2018,25:24101-24110.
[12]MARK P L,EDWARD W B,DANIEL B H,et al. Longterm grazing impacts on vegetation diversity,composition,and exotic species presence across an aridity gradient in northern temperate grasslands[J]. Plant Ecol,2018,219:649-663.
[13]安艳玲,蒋浩,吴起鑫,等.赤水河流域枯水期水环境质量评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(10):1472-1478.
[14]喻阳华,李光容,皮发剑,等.赤水河上游主要森林类型水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):150-156.
[15]喻阳华,肖卫平,严令斌,等.赤水河上游森林植物群落物种多样性研究[J].广东农业科学,2015(2):142-145,147.
[16]于霞,安艳玲,吴起鑫.赤水河流域表层沉积物重金属的污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1400-1407.
[17]宋同清,彭晚霞,曾馥平,等.木论喀斯特峰丛洼地森林群落空间格局及环境解释[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(3):298-308.
[18]刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等.放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3394-3402.
[19]赵中华,白登忠,惠刚盈,等.小陇山不同经营措施下次生锐齿栎天然林物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(3):326-331.
[20]张金屯.植被数量生态学方法(第二版)[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2011:124-168.
[21]苏宇乔,薛跃规,范蓓蓓,等.广西流星天坑植物群落结构与多样性[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(11):2300-2306.
[22]YANG B,LI B,HE Y X,et al. Tree diversity has contrasting effects on predation rates by birds and arthropods on three broadleaved,subtropical tree species[J]. Ecol Res,2018,33(1):205-212.
[23]杨国栋,钱慧蓉,陈林,等.中国特有植物短丝木犀(Osmanthus sreeulatus Rehd.)群落结构及其环境解释[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):3059-3068.
[24]吴昊.秦岭松栎林群落物种丰富度特征及其环境解释[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(6):931-938.
[25]LOMOLION M V. Elevation gradients of species-density:hietorical and prospective views[J]. Global Ecol&Biogeogr,2010,10(1):101-109.
[26]崔倩,潘存德,李贵华,等.喀纳斯泰加林群落物种多样性环境解释与自然干扰[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(6):1824-1832.
[27]杨卫城,温清,周旭林,等.贵州尧林2号洞动物群落多样性及部分环境因子测定[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(2):26-32.
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