大科学工程组织结构评价与选择——基于弱矩阵、平衡矩阵和强矩阵组织结构的对比
|
摘要
大科学工程组织结构是大科学工程顺利实施的重要保障。在学者研究的基础上,基于信息熵理论,从结构复杂度、职能复杂度、信息复杂度3个方面构建大科学工程组织结构三维组织复杂度评价模型,并以弱矩阵式组织结构、平衡矩阵式组织结构和强矩阵式组织结构为对象,横向比较大科学工程不同子项目数下3种矩阵式组织结构的组织复杂度变化情况,探究子项目数与3种矩阵式组织结构对大科学工程组织结构组织复杂度的影响机理。结果表明,当大科学工程子项目数较少时(2～6个),宜采用弱矩阵式组织结构;当大科学工程子项目数较多时(6个以上),宜采用强矩阵式组织结构。在优化矩阵式组织结构时,不论是何种矩阵式组织结构,重点都应该关注结构复杂度这一影响因素;但当采用弱矩阵时,还应关注职能复杂度这一影响因素。最后,在管理人员具备高水平跨部门沟通能力的基础上,通过降低职能复杂度可有效帮助大科学工程组织结构从弱矩阵升级为强矩阵。
The organizational structure of large science projects is an important guarantee for the smooth implementation.Based on the previous studies and the theory of information entropy,the three-dimensional organization complexity evaluation model of large scientific organization structure is constructed from the aspects of structure complexity,function complexity and information complexity.Taking the weak matrix structure,the balance matrix structure and the strong matrix structure as the object,this paper horizontally compares the changes of the organizational complexity of the three kinds of matrix organizational structures under the different subprojects of the Grand Science Project,and explores the relationship between the number of subprojects and three the impact mechanism matrix organization structure of the organization of complex scientific projects organized structure.The study shows that when the number of large science projects is relatively small(two to six),weak matrix organization structure should be adopted.When the number of large science projects is large(more than six),strong matrix organization structure should be adopted.In the optimization of matrix organization structure,it should focus on the influence factors of structural complexity,regardless of the matrix organization structure.However,when the weak matrix is adopted,the influence factors of functional complexity should also be concerned.Finally,based on the high level of inter-departmental communication ability of management staff,the organizational structure of large science engineering can be effectively promoted from weak matrix to strong matrix by reducing the complexity of functions.
The organizational structure of large science projects is an important guarantee for the smooth implementation.Based on the previous studies and the theory of information entropy,the three-dimensional organization complexity evaluation model of large scientific organization structure is constructed from the aspects of structure complexity,function complexity and information complexity.Taking the weak matrix structure,the balance matrix structure and the strong matrix structure as the object,this paper horizontally compares the changes of the organizational complexity of the three kinds of matrix organizational structures under the different subprojects of the Grand Science Project,and explores the relationship between the number of subprojects and three the impact mechanism matrix organization structure of the organization of complex scientific projects organized structure.The study shows that when the number of large science projects is relatively small(two to six),weak matrix organization structure should be adopted.When the number of large science projects is large(more than six),strong matrix organization structure should be adopted.In the optimization of matrix organization structure,it should focus on the influence factors of structural complexity,regardless of the matrix organization structure.However,when the weak matrix is adopted,the influence factors of functional complexity should also be concerned.Finally,based on the high level of inter-departmental communication ability of management staff,the organizational structure of large science engineering can be effectively promoted from weak matrix to strong matrix by reducing the complexity of functions.
引文
[1]DE SOLLA PRICE D J D S P D.Little science,big science and beyond[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1986.
[2]GS.The faces of big science[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2014:15-16.
[3]HEIDLER RHO.Qualifying the performance evaluation of big science beyond productivity,impact and costs[J].Scientometrics,2015:101-104.
[4]BASHINOV AVGAAK.New horizons for extreme light physics with mega-science project XCELS[J].The European Physical Journal Special Topics,2014:223-226.
[5]张智文,申金升.国家重大科技项目组织管理的若干思考[J].中国软科学,1998(12):50-53.
[6]COLLINS FSMMPA.The human genome project:lessons from large-scale biology[J].Science,2003:300-5617.
[7]PKR.Nano-Bio-Genesis:tracing the rise of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology as'big science'[J].Journal of biomedical discovery and collaboration,2007:1-2.
[8]SUDO TOTGS.CAD systems for VLSI in Japan[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1983:71.
[9]BRUCE ALCTJ.Interdisciplinary integration in Europe:the case of the Fifth Framework programme[J].Futures,2004:34-36.
[10]杨保华.神舟七号飞船项目管理[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2010.
[11]王成程,马尊武,武艺,等.神光-Ⅲ激光装置建设项目范围与组织模式管理分析[J].项目管理技术,2014:12-15.
[12]BAILEY JA,YAVOR A M,MASSA H F,et al.Segmental duplications:organization and impact within the current human genome project assembly[J].Genome Research,2001,11(6):1005.
[13]方厚政.日本超大规模集成电路项目的启示[J].日本学刊,2006(3):111-117.
[14]董佳敏,刘人境,张光军.大科学工程组织管理模式对比分析及对我国的启示[J].科技管理研究,2016(16):183-188.
[15]ANDERSONTSMEKP.Innovativeapproaches for managing public-private academic partnerships in big science and engineering[J].Public Organization Review,2012:11-12.
[16]RKW.Executive's guide to project management:organizational processes and practices for supporting complex projects[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011.
[17]ROSENAU M D.Successful project management-a step by step approach with practical examples,third edition[M].John Wiley&Sons,1998.
[18]任佩瑜,张莉,宋勇.基于复杂性科学的管理熵、管理耗散结构理论及其在企业组织与决策中的作用[J].管理世界,2001.
[19]LDR.Organization theory and design[M].4th ed.St Paul MN:West Publishing,1992.
[20]宋华岭,金智新,李金克,等.企业管理系统复杂性评价的三维尺度模型建模与实证研究[J].管理工程学报,2006(1):103-108.
[21]宋华岭,刘全顺,刘丽娟,等.管理熵理论---企业组织管理系统复杂性评价的新尺度[J].管理科学学报,2003,6(3):19-27.
[22]MACQUEEN J,MARSCHAK J.Partial knowledge,entropy,and estimation[J].Proceedings of the National A-cademy of Sciences of the United States of America,1975,72(10):3819-3824.
[2]GS.The faces of big science[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2014:15-16.
[3]HEIDLER RHO.Qualifying the performance evaluation of big science beyond productivity,impact and costs[J].Scientometrics,2015:101-104.
[4]BASHINOV AVGAAK.New horizons for extreme light physics with mega-science project XCELS[J].The European Physical Journal Special Topics,2014:223-226.
[5]张智文,申金升.国家重大科技项目组织管理的若干思考[J].中国软科学,1998(12):50-53.
[6]COLLINS FSMMPA.The human genome project:lessons from large-scale biology[J].Science,2003:300-5617.
[7]PKR.Nano-Bio-Genesis:tracing the rise of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology as'big science'[J].Journal of biomedical discovery and collaboration,2007:1-2.
[8]SUDO TOTGS.CAD systems for VLSI in Japan[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1983:71.
[9]BRUCE ALCTJ.Interdisciplinary integration in Europe:the case of the Fifth Framework programme[J].Futures,2004:34-36.
[10]杨保华.神舟七号飞船项目管理[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2010.
[11]王成程,马尊武,武艺,等.神光-Ⅲ激光装置建设项目范围与组织模式管理分析[J].项目管理技术,2014:12-15.
[12]BAILEY JA,YAVOR A M,MASSA H F,et al.Segmental duplications:organization and impact within the current human genome project assembly[J].Genome Research,2001,11(6):1005.
[13]方厚政.日本超大规模集成电路项目的启示[J].日本学刊,2006(3):111-117.
[14]董佳敏,刘人境,张光军.大科学工程组织管理模式对比分析及对我国的启示[J].科技管理研究,2016(16):183-188.
[15]ANDERSONTSMEKP.Innovativeapproaches for managing public-private academic partnerships in big science and engineering[J].Public Organization Review,2012:11-12.
[16]RKW.Executive's guide to project management:organizational processes and practices for supporting complex projects[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011.
[17]ROSENAU M D.Successful project management-a step by step approach with practical examples,third edition[M].John Wiley&Sons,1998.
[18]任佩瑜,张莉,宋勇.基于复杂性科学的管理熵、管理耗散结构理论及其在企业组织与决策中的作用[J].管理世界,2001.
[19]LDR.Organization theory and design[M].4th ed.St Paul MN:West Publishing,1992.
[20]宋华岭,金智新,李金克,等.企业管理系统复杂性评价的三维尺度模型建模与实证研究[J].管理工程学报,2006(1):103-108.
[21]宋华岭,刘全顺,刘丽娟,等.管理熵理论---企业组织管理系统复杂性评价的新尺度[J].管理科学学报,2003,6(3):19-27.
[22]MACQUEEN J,MARSCHAK J.Partial knowledge,entropy,and estimation[J].Proceedings of the National A-cademy of Sciences of the United States of America,1975,72(10):3819-3824.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |