基于Whittle的露天境界动态优化研究
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摘要
开采境界圈定是露天矿山开采设计的基础,境界优化结果的优劣直接制约着矿山的整体发展效益。露天开采过程中面对的是复杂多变的地质岩体、无序的品位分布、多变的经济参数等一系列非线性动态问题,现有的主流境界优化方法未能有效考虑该类问题。为实现对露天矿山境界优化的经济动态评估以及矿山剥采均衡,将露天境界优化与地质品位、矿体赋存状态相结合,根据地质数据库采用SURPAC软件建立了矿体三维实体模型和块段品位模型。借助境界动态优化分析软件Whittle,并根据某矿山实际情况,将浮动圆锥法和LG图论法相结合,在一定的技术、经济指标条件下,生成了一系列不同价格对应的露天境界优化方案。根据矿山设计生产规模,对各个境界方案进行进度计划排产,同时考虑了资金的时间价值,引入贴现率指标,获得了各个方案的最大净现值,确定净现值最大的方案为最优方案。研究表明:该方案的提出,实现了动态条件下该矿山露天境界的高效动态优化,为露天矿山开采境界优化提供了新思路。
The delineation of mining boundary is the basis of open-pit mining design,the results of boundary optimization directly restrict the overall development benefits of the mine.Due to a series of non-linear dynamic problems such as complex and changeable geological rock mass,disordered grade distribution and changeable economic parameters are existed in the mining process of open-pit mine.However,the above problems are not effectively considered by the major boundary optimization method.In order to realize the economic dynamic evaluation of open-pit mine boundary optimization and mine stripping equilibrium,combing with the optimization of open-pit boundary with geological grade and occurrence stage of orebody,based on geological database,three-dimensional solid model and block grade model of orebody are established by using SURPAC software.Meanwhile,with the aid of boundary dynamic optimization analysis software Whittle,and combined with the specific situation of a mine,a series of open-pit boundary optimization schemes are proposed by combining floating cone method with LG graph theory under certain technical and economic conditions.According to the design and production scale of the mine,schedule production for each boundary scheme is done,and consider the time value of the fundsthe discount rate is introduced,the maximum net present value(NPV)of each scheme after comparison is obtained.The scheme with the largest net present value(NPV)is determined to be the optimal one. The study results show that the efficient dynamic optimization of open-pit boundary under dynamic conditions is realized by using the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,which can also provides a new idea for the optimization of open-pit mining boundary.
The delineation of mining boundary is the basis of open-pit mining design,the results of boundary optimization directly restrict the overall development benefits of the mine.Due to a series of non-linear dynamic problems such as complex and changeable geological rock mass,disordered grade distribution and changeable economic parameters are existed in the mining process of open-pit mine.However,the above problems are not effectively considered by the major boundary optimization method.In order to realize the economic dynamic evaluation of open-pit mine boundary optimization and mine stripping equilibrium,combing with the optimization of open-pit boundary with geological grade and occurrence stage of orebody,based on geological database,three-dimensional solid model and block grade model of orebody are established by using SURPAC software.Meanwhile,with the aid of boundary dynamic optimization analysis software Whittle,and combined with the specific situation of a mine,a series of open-pit boundary optimization schemes are proposed by combining floating cone method with LG graph theory under certain technical and economic conditions.According to the design and production scale of the mine,schedule production for each boundary scheme is done,and consider the time value of the fundsthe discount rate is introduced,the maximum net present value(NPV)of each scheme after comparison is obtained.The scheme with the largest net present value(NPV)is determined to be the optimal one. The study results show that the efficient dynamic optimization of open-pit boundary under dynamic conditions is realized by using the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,which can also provides a new idea for the optimization of open-pit mining boundary.
引文
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[15]胥孝川,顾晓薇,王青,等.露天煤矿最终境界优化实用算法[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(5):715-718.Xu Xiaochuan,Gu Xiaowei,Wang Qing,et al.A practical algorithm for final-pit optimization in open-pit coal mines[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science Edition,2013,34(5):715-718.
[16]张延凯,胡乃联,徐国伟,等.某铜钼矿开采境界优化研究[J].中国矿业,2012,21(10):84-87.Zhang Yankai,Hu Nailian,Xu Guowei,et al.Pit optimization for one copper-molybdenum mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2012,21(10):84-87.
[17]顾晓薇,葛舒,范立军,等.贾家堡铁矿露天开采境界优化实践[J].金属矿山,2010(3):6-7.Gu Xiaowei,Ge Shu,Fan Lijun,et al.Final pit optimization for Jiajiapu Iron Mine[J].Metal Mine,2010(3):6-7.
[18]黄勇,胡庆雄,赵兴宽.多种因素变化的露天矿境界优化[J].金属矿山,2011(12):35-38.Huang Yong,Hu Qingxiong,Zhao Xingkuan.Open pit optimization with various changeable factors[J].Metal Mine,2011(12):35-38.
[19]黄俊歆,王李管,毕林,等.改进的露天境界优化几何约束模型及其应用[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(12):78-83.Huang Junxin,Wang Liguan,Bi Lin,et al.The improved geometrical constraint model of open-pit mine boundary optimum and its application[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2010,33(12):78-83.
[20]李德,曾庆田,吴东旭,等.基于三维可视化技术的露天境界优化研究[J].金属矿山,2008(4):103-108.Li De,Zeng Qingtian,Wu Dongxu,et al.Study on technology of 3Dvisualization based open pit limit optimization[J].Metal Mine,2008(4):103-108.
[21]何昌盛.露天开采最优边界利用品位动态研究及其应用[J].采矿技术,2013,13(5):16-20.He Changsheng.Dynamic study and application of the optimization boundary utilization grade of open-pit mining[J].Mining Technology,2013,13(5):16-20.
[2]闫国英,孙丽军,常剑,等.白云鄂博铁矿东矿境界外露天开采可行性分析[J].现代矿业,2018(7):77-78.Yan Guoying,Sun Lijun,Chang Jian,et al.Feasibility analysis of the open-pit mining outside the mining limit of the east mine of Bayan Obo Iron Mine[J].Modern Mining,2018(7):77-78.
[3]李建华,任赛,侯志刚,等.SURPAC境界优化功能在露天矿山的应用[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2017,69(3):15-18.Li Jianhua,Ren Sai,Hou Zhigang,et al.Application of SURPACboundary optimization in open-pit mine[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mine Section,2017,69(3):15-18.
[4]章林,代碧波,王运敏,等.露天矿山生产规模优化的经济动态评估方法--以白云颚博东介勒格勒铁矿为例[J].金属矿山,2018(11):13-17.Zhang Ling,Dai Bibo,Wang Yunming,et al.Study on economic dynamic assessment optimization technology of production capacity openpit mine:a case study of Dongjielegele Iron Mine in Baiyunebo[J].Metal Mine,2018(11):13-17.
[5]张延凯,李克庆,胡乃联,等.露天矿境界优化LG算法初始有向图生产研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S2):367-373.Zhang Yankai,Li Keqing,Hu Nailian,et al.A study of generating the initial directed graph for LG algorithm of open pit optimization[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S2):367-373.
[6]杨彪.露天矿开采境界动态优化研究及应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.Yang Biao.Study on Dynamical Optimization and Application of Open Pit Mine Limi[tD].Changsha:Central South University,2011.
[7]杨彪.Whittle在露天矿开采境界优化中的应用[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2013,65(3):24-27.Yang Biao.Application of Whittle in open pit mining limit optimization[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mining Section,2013,65(3):24-27.
[8]陈振超.露天境界与分期开采的综合动态优化研究[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2018,39(4):16-18.Chen Zhenchao.Study on comprehensive dynamic optimization of open pit boundary and mining by stages[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering&Research,2018,39(4):16-18.
[9]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.基于经济时间序列预测的露天矿开采境界动态优化[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):29-33.Yang Biao,Luo Zhouquan,Lu Guang,et al.Open pit mining limit dynamic optimization based on economic time series forecasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):29-33.
[10]许利生,代碧波,江鹏飞.露天矿山生产计划三维可视化编制技术[J].金属矿山,2014(1):20-24.Xu Lisheng,Dai Bibo,Jiang Pengfei.3D visualization programming process of production plan scheduling for open pit mine[J].Metal Mine,2014(1):20-24.
[11]代碧波,章林.大型露天矿境界动态优化研究--以西澳Weld Range铁矿为例[J].矿业研究与开发,2018(1):1-5.Dai Bibo,Zhang Lin.Study on the boundary optimization of large open-pit mine:a case of the Weld Range Iron Mine in Western Australia[J].Mining Research and Development,2018(1):1-5.
[12]金艳.Whittle软件境界优化设计的理念与技术方法[J].矿业工程,2012,10(1):53-57.Jin Yan.Idea and technical method of applying Whittle software to optimize design of mine limi[tJ].Mining Engineering,2012,10(1):53-57.
[13]陈晓青,任凤玉,张建国,等.一种计算机圈定露天矿境界的新方法[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2011,30(1):5-8.Chen Xiaoqing,Ren Fengyu,Zhang Jianguo,et al.New method of computer delineating open-pit realm[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science Edition,2011,30(1):5-8.
[14]谭锐,陈爱明,瞿金志.矿业软件在露天境界优化中的运用[J].有色金属设计,2010,37(2):1-8.Tan Rui,Chen Aiming,Qu Jinzhi.Application of mining software in open-pit boundary optimization[J].Nonferrous Metals Design,2010,37(2):1-8.
[15]胥孝川,顾晓薇,王青,等.露天煤矿最终境界优化实用算法[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(5):715-718.Xu Xiaochuan,Gu Xiaowei,Wang Qing,et al.A practical algorithm for final-pit optimization in open-pit coal mines[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science Edition,2013,34(5):715-718.
[16]张延凯,胡乃联,徐国伟,等.某铜钼矿开采境界优化研究[J].中国矿业,2012,21(10):84-87.Zhang Yankai,Hu Nailian,Xu Guowei,et al.Pit optimization for one copper-molybdenum mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2012,21(10):84-87.
[17]顾晓薇,葛舒,范立军,等.贾家堡铁矿露天开采境界优化实践[J].金属矿山,2010(3):6-7.Gu Xiaowei,Ge Shu,Fan Lijun,et al.Final pit optimization for Jiajiapu Iron Mine[J].Metal Mine,2010(3):6-7.
[18]黄勇,胡庆雄,赵兴宽.多种因素变化的露天矿境界优化[J].金属矿山,2011(12):35-38.Huang Yong,Hu Qingxiong,Zhao Xingkuan.Open pit optimization with various changeable factors[J].Metal Mine,2011(12):35-38.
[19]黄俊歆,王李管,毕林,等.改进的露天境界优化几何约束模型及其应用[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(12):78-83.Huang Junxin,Wang Liguan,Bi Lin,et al.The improved geometrical constraint model of open-pit mine boundary optimum and its application[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2010,33(12):78-83.
[20]李德,曾庆田,吴东旭,等.基于三维可视化技术的露天境界优化研究[J].金属矿山,2008(4):103-108.Li De,Zeng Qingtian,Wu Dongxu,et al.Study on technology of 3Dvisualization based open pit limit optimization[J].Metal Mine,2008(4):103-108.
[21]何昌盛.露天开采最优边界利用品位动态研究及其应用[J].采矿技术,2013,13(5):16-20.He Changsheng.Dynamic study and application of the optimization boundary utilization grade of open-pit mining[J].Mining Technology,2013,13(5):16-20.
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