Emission factors, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of volatile organic compounds emitted from industrial biomass boilers
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摘要
To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m~3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m~3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.
To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m~3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m~3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.
To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m~3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m~3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m~3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.
引文
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Derwent,R.G.,Jenkin,M.E.,Utembe,S.R.,Shallcross,D.E.,Murrells,T.P.,Passant,N.R.,2010.Secondary organic aerosol formation from a large number of reactive man-made organic compounds.Sci.Total Environ.408,3374-3381.
Dong,D.,Shao,M.,Li,Y.,Lu,S.,Wang,Y.,Ji,Z.,et al.,2014.Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential.J.Environ.Sci.26,122-128.
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Guo,H.,Wang,T.,Blake,D.R.,Simpson,I.J.,Kwok,Y.H.,Li,Y.S.,2006.Regional and local contributions to ambient nonmethane volatile organic compounds at a polluted rural/coastal site in Pearl River Delta,China.Atmos.Environ.40,2345-2359.
Guo,H.,Cheng,H.R.,Ling,Z.H.,Louie,P.,Ayoko,G.A.,2011.Which emission sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta?J.Hazard.Mater.188(1),116-124.
Haszpra,L.,Szilagyi,I.,1994.Non-methane hydrocarbon composition of car exhausts in Hungary.Atmos.Environ.28,2609-2614.
Jin,Y.L.,Zhou,Z.,He,G.L.,Wei,H.Z.,Liu,J.,Liu,F.,2005.Geographical spatial and temporal distributions of multiple indoor air pollutants in four Chinese provinces.Environ.Sci.Technol.39,9431-9439.
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Kecorius,S.,Ma,N.,Teich,M.,Pinxteren,D.,Zhang,S.,Grob,J.,et al.,2017.Influence of biomass burning on mixing state of submicron aerosol particles in the North China Plain.Atmos.Environ.164,259-269.
Kraszkiewicz,A.,Przywara,A.,Kachel-Jakubowska,M.,Lorencowicz,E.,2015.Combustion of plant biomass pellets on the grate of a low power boiler.Agric.Agric.Sci.Proc.7,131-138.
Leuchner,M.,Rappenglück,B.,2010.VOC source-receptor relationships in Houston during TexAQS-II.Atmos.Environ.44,4056-4067.
Limousy,L.,Jeguirin,M.,Dutournie,P.,Kraiem,N.,Lajili,M.,Said,R.,2013.Gaseous products and particulate matter emissions of biomass residential boiler fired with spent coffee grounds pellets.Fuel.207,323-329.
Liu,Y.,Shao,M.,Fu,L.L.,Lu,S.H.,Zeng,L.M.,Tang,D.G.,2008a.Source profiles of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)measured in China:part 1.Atmos.Environ.42,6247-6260.
Liu,Y.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.,Chang,C.-C.,Wang,J.-L.,Fu,L.,2008b.Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta,China:part II.Atmos.Environ.42,6261-6274.
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Mo,Z.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.,Niu,H.,Zhou,M.,Sun,J.,2017.Characterization of non-methane hydrocarbons and their sources in an industrialized coastal city,Yangtze River Delta,China.Sci.Total Environ.593-594,641-653.
Na,K.,Kim,Y.P.,2001.Seasonal characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds in Seoul,Korea.Atmos.Environ.35,2603-2614.
Parrish,D.D.,Stohl,A.,Forster,C.,Atlas,E.L.,Blake,D.R.,Goldan,P.D.,2007.Effects of mixing on evolution of hydrocarbon ratios in the troposphere.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.112,D10S34.https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007583.
Reche,C.,Viana,M.,Amato,F.,Alastuey,A.,Moreno,T.,Hillamo,R.,et al.,2012.Biomass burning contributions to urban aerosols in a coastal Mediterranean city.Sci.Total Environ.427-428,175-190.
Schauer,J.J.,Kleeman,M.J.,Cass,G.R.,Simoneit,B.R.T.,2001.Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources 3.C1-C29 organic compounds from fireplace combustion of wood.Environ.Sci.Technol.35,1716-1728.
Shao,M.,Lu,S.H.,Liu,Y.,Xie,X.,Chang,C.C.,Huang,S.,et al.,2009.Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground level ozone formation.J.Geophys.Res.114(D2).https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010863.
Streets,D.G.,Bond,T.G.,Carmichael,G.R.,Fernandes,S.D.,Fu,Q.,He,D.,et al.,2003.An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in year 2000.J.Geophys.Res.108(D21).https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003093.
Tian,H.,Zhao,D.,Wang,Y.,2011.Emission inventories of atmospheric pollutants discharged from biomass burning in China.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 31(2),349-357(Chinese).
Wang,T.,Guo,H.,Blake,D.R.,Kwok,Y.H.,Simpson,I.J.,Li,Y.S.,2005.Measurements of trace gases in the inflow of South China Sea background air and outflow of regional pollution at Tai O,Southern China.J.Atmos.Chem.52(3),295-317.
Wang,S.,Wei,W.,Du,L.,Li,G.,Hao,J.,2009.Characteristics of gaseous pollutants from biofuel-stoves in rural China.Atmos.Environ.43,4148-4154.
Wang,B.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.H.,Yuan,B.,Zhao,Y.,Wang,M.,et al.,2010.Variation of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons in Beijing City in summer 2008.Atmos.Chem.Phys.10(2),5565-5597.
Wang,Q.,Shao,M.,Wei,Q.,Chen,W.,Lu,S.,Zhao,Y.,2011.Spatial and temporal variations of ambient carbonyl compounds in Beijing and its surrounding areas.Environ.Sci.32(12),3522-3530.
Wang,Q.,Geng,C.,Lu,S.,Chen,W.,Shao,M.,2013.Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and straw briquettes.Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.7(1),66-76.
Wang,J.,Xi,F.,Liu,Z.,Bing,L.,Alsaedi,A.,Hayat,T.,et al.,2018.The spatiotemporal features of greenhouse gases emissions from biomass burning in China from 2000 to 2012.J.Clean.Prod.181,801-808.
Wei,W.,2009.Study on Current and Future Anthropogenic Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in China,Thesis.Tsinghua University.
Wu,R.,Li,J.,Hao,Y.,Li,Y.,Zeng,L.,Xie,S.,2016.Evolution process and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds during a severe haze event in Beijing,China.Sci.Total Environ.560-561,62-72.
Wu,W.,Zhao,B.,Wang,S.,Hao,J.,2017.Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China.J.Environ.Sci.53,224-237.
Xu,Y.,Wang,Y.,Chen,Y.,Tian,C.,Feng,Y.,Li,J.,et al.,2016.Characterization of fine and carbonaceous particles emissions from pelletized biomass-coal blends combustion:implications on residential crop residue utilization in China.Atmos.Environ.141,312-319.
Xu,P.,Zhang,J.,Ji,D.,Liu,Z.,Tang,G.,Jiang,C.,et al.,2018.Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing,China.J.Environ.Sci.63,16-27.
Yan,Y.,Yang,C.,Peng,L.,Li,R.,Bai,H.,2016.Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds from coal-,coal gangue-,and biomass-fired power plants in China.Atmos.Environ.143,261-269.
Yan,Y.,Peng,L.,Li,R.,Li,Y.,Li,L.,Bai,H.,2017.Concentration,ozone formation potential and source analysis of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in a thermal power station centralized area:a study in Shuozhou,China.Environ.Pollut.223,295-304.
Yang,X.,Geng,C.,Sun,X.,Yang,W.,Wang,X.,Chen,J.,2016.Characteristics of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from industrial grade biomass boilers.J.Environ.Sci.40,28-34.
Yuan,B.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.,Wang,B.,2010.Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing,China.Atmos.Environ.44,1919-1926.
Yuan,B.,Chen,W.T.,Shao,M.,Wang,M.,Lu,S.H.,Wang,B.,et al.,2012a.Measurements of ambient hydrocarbons and carbonyls in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China.Atmos.Res.116,93-104.
Yuan,B.,Shao,M.,de Gouw,J.,Parrish,D.D.,Lu,S.H.,Wang,M.,et al.,2012b.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in urban air:how chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization(PMF)analysis.J.Geophys.Res.117.https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018236.
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Bo,Y.,Cai,H.,Xie,S.D.,2008.Spatial and temporal variation of historical anthropogenic NMVOCs emission inventories in China.Atmos.Chem.Phys.8,7297-7316.
Calvert,J.G.,1976.Test of theory of ozone generation in Los Angeles atmosphere.Environ.Sci.Technol.10,248-256.
Carmichael,G.R.,Tang,Y.H.,Kurata,G.,Uno,I.,Streets,D.G.,Thongboonchoo,N.,et al.,2003.Evaluating regional emission estimates using the TRACE-P observations.J.Geophys.Res.108(D21),8810.https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003116.
Carter,W.P.L.,2008.Development of the Saprc-07 chemical mechanism and updated ozone reactivity scales,final report to the California air Resources Board contract no.03-318.Air Pollution Research Center and College of Engineering,Center for Environmental Research and Technology,University of California,Riverside,CA.
Carter,W.P.L.,2010.Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism.Atmos.Environ.44,5324-5335.
Caseiro,A.,Bauer,H.,Schmidl,C.,Pio,C.A.,Puxbaum,H.,2009.Wood burning impact on PM10in three Austrian regions.Atmos.Environ.43,2186-2195.
Chen,J.,Li,C.,Ristovski,Z.,Milic,A.,Gu,Y.,Islamb,M.S.,et al.,2017.A review of biomass burning:emissions and impacts on air quality,health and climate in China.Sci.Total Environ.579,1000-1034.
Derwent,R.G.,Jenkin,M.E.,Utembe,S.R.,Shallcross,D.E.,Murrells,T.P.,Passant,N.R.,2010.Secondary organic aerosol formation from a large number of reactive man-made organic compounds.Sci.Total Environ.408,3374-3381.
Dong,D.,Shao,M.,Li,Y.,Lu,S.,Wang,Y.,Ji,Z.,et al.,2014.Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential.J.Environ.Sci.26,122-128.
Duan,J.,Tan,J.,Yang,L.,Wu,S.,Hao,J.,2008.Concentration,sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)during ozone episode in Beijing.Atmos.Res.88,25-35.
Evtyugina,M.,Alves,C.,Calvo,A.,Nunes,T.,Tarelho,L.,Duarte,M.,et al.,2014.VOC emissions from residential combustion of Southern and mid-European woods.Atmos.Environ.83,90-98.
Geng,C.,Chen,J.,Wang,X.,Yang,W.,Yin,B.,Liu,H.,et al.,2013.Comparative study on the particle emission characteristics of biomass boiler with coal-fired industrial boiler.Res.Environ.Sci 26(6),666-671(Chinese).
Guo,H.,Wang,T.,Simpson,I.J.,Blake,D.R.,Yu,X.M.,Kwok,Y.H.,et al.,2004.Source contributions to ambient VOCs and CO at a rural site in eastern China.Atmos.Environ.38,4551-4560.
Guo,H.,Wang,T.,Blake,D.R.,Simpson,I.J.,Kwok,Y.H.,Li,Y.S.,2006.Regional and local contributions to ambient nonmethane volatile organic compounds at a polluted rural/coastal site in Pearl River Delta,China.Atmos.Environ.40,2345-2359.
Guo,H.,Cheng,H.R.,Ling,Z.H.,Louie,P.,Ayoko,G.A.,2011.Which emission sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta?J.Hazard.Mater.188(1),116-124.
Haszpra,L.,Szilagyi,I.,1994.Non-methane hydrocarbon composition of car exhausts in Hungary.Atmos.Environ.28,2609-2614.
Jin,Y.L.,Zhou,Z.,He,G.L.,Wei,H.Z.,Liu,J.,Liu,F.,2005.Geographical spatial and temporal distributions of multiple indoor air pollutants in four Chinese provinces.Environ.Sci.Technol.39,9431-9439.
Johnson,D.,Utembe,S.R.,Jenkin,M.E.,2006.Simulating the detailed chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol formed on a regional scale during the TORCH 2003 campaign in the southern UK.Atmos.Chem.Phys.6,419-431.
Kansal,A.,2009.Sources and reactivity of NMHCs and VOCs in the atmosphere:a review.J.Hazard.Mater.166,17-26.
Kecorius,S.,Ma,N.,Teich,M.,Pinxteren,D.,Zhang,S.,Grob,J.,et al.,2017.Influence of biomass burning on mixing state of submicron aerosol particles in the North China Plain.Atmos.Environ.164,259-269.
Kraszkiewicz,A.,Przywara,A.,Kachel-Jakubowska,M.,Lorencowicz,E.,2015.Combustion of plant biomass pellets on the grate of a low power boiler.Agric.Agric.Sci.Proc.7,131-138.
Leuchner,M.,Rappenglück,B.,2010.VOC source-receptor relationships in Houston during TexAQS-II.Atmos.Environ.44,4056-4067.
Limousy,L.,Jeguirin,M.,Dutournie,P.,Kraiem,N.,Lajili,M.,Said,R.,2013.Gaseous products and particulate matter emissions of biomass residential boiler fired with spent coffee grounds pellets.Fuel.207,323-329.
Liu,Y.,Shao,M.,Fu,L.L.,Lu,S.H.,Zeng,L.M.,Tang,D.G.,2008a.Source profiles of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)measured in China:part 1.Atmos.Environ.42,6247-6260.
Liu,Y.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.,Chang,C.-C.,Wang,J.-L.,Fu,L.,2008b.Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta,China:part II.Atmos.Environ.42,6261-6274.
Liu,Y.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.H.,Chang,C.C.,Wang,J.L.,Chen,G.,2008c.Volatile organic compound(VOC)measurements in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region.China.Atmos.Chem.Phys.8(6),1531-1545.
Lyu,X.P.,Chen,N.,Guo,H.,Zhang,W.H.,Wang,N.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2016.Ambient volatile organic compounds and their effect on ozone production in Wuhan,central China.Sci.Total Environ.541,200-209.
Mo,Z.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.,Niu,H.,Zhou,M.,Sun,J.,2017.Characterization of non-methane hydrocarbons and their sources in an industrialized coastal city,Yangtze River Delta,China.Sci.Total Environ.593-594,641-653.
Na,K.,Kim,Y.P.,2001.Seasonal characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds in Seoul,Korea.Atmos.Environ.35,2603-2614.
Parrish,D.D.,Stohl,A.,Forster,C.,Atlas,E.L.,Blake,D.R.,Goldan,P.D.,2007.Effects of mixing on evolution of hydrocarbon ratios in the troposphere.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.112,D10S34.https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007583.
Reche,C.,Viana,M.,Amato,F.,Alastuey,A.,Moreno,T.,Hillamo,R.,et al.,2012.Biomass burning contributions to urban aerosols in a coastal Mediterranean city.Sci.Total Environ.427-428,175-190.
Schauer,J.J.,Kleeman,M.J.,Cass,G.R.,Simoneit,B.R.T.,2001.Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources 3.C1-C29 organic compounds from fireplace combustion of wood.Environ.Sci.Technol.35,1716-1728.
Shao,M.,Lu,S.H.,Liu,Y.,Xie,X.,Chang,C.C.,Huang,S.,et al.,2009.Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground level ozone formation.J.Geophys.Res.114(D2).https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010863.
Streets,D.G.,Bond,T.G.,Carmichael,G.R.,Fernandes,S.D.,Fu,Q.,He,D.,et al.,2003.An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in year 2000.J.Geophys.Res.108(D21).https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003093.
Tian,H.,Zhao,D.,Wang,Y.,2011.Emission inventories of atmospheric pollutants discharged from biomass burning in China.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 31(2),349-357(Chinese).
Wang,T.,Guo,H.,Blake,D.R.,Kwok,Y.H.,Simpson,I.J.,Li,Y.S.,2005.Measurements of trace gases in the inflow of South China Sea background air and outflow of regional pollution at Tai O,Southern China.J.Atmos.Chem.52(3),295-317.
Wang,S.,Wei,W.,Du,L.,Li,G.,Hao,J.,2009.Characteristics of gaseous pollutants from biofuel-stoves in rural China.Atmos.Environ.43,4148-4154.
Wang,B.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.H.,Yuan,B.,Zhao,Y.,Wang,M.,et al.,2010.Variation of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons in Beijing City in summer 2008.Atmos.Chem.Phys.10(2),5565-5597.
Wang,Q.,Shao,M.,Wei,Q.,Chen,W.,Lu,S.,Zhao,Y.,2011.Spatial and temporal variations of ambient carbonyl compounds in Beijing and its surrounding areas.Environ.Sci.32(12),3522-3530.
Wang,Q.,Geng,C.,Lu,S.,Chen,W.,Shao,M.,2013.Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and straw briquettes.Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.7(1),66-76.
Wang,J.,Xi,F.,Liu,Z.,Bing,L.,Alsaedi,A.,Hayat,T.,et al.,2018.The spatiotemporal features of greenhouse gases emissions from biomass burning in China from 2000 to 2012.J.Clean.Prod.181,801-808.
Wei,W.,2009.Study on Current and Future Anthropogenic Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in China,Thesis.Tsinghua University.
Wu,R.,Li,J.,Hao,Y.,Li,Y.,Zeng,L.,Xie,S.,2016.Evolution process and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds during a severe haze event in Beijing,China.Sci.Total Environ.560-561,62-72.
Wu,W.,Zhao,B.,Wang,S.,Hao,J.,2017.Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China.J.Environ.Sci.53,224-237.
Xu,Y.,Wang,Y.,Chen,Y.,Tian,C.,Feng,Y.,Li,J.,et al.,2016.Characterization of fine and carbonaceous particles emissions from pelletized biomass-coal blends combustion:implications on residential crop residue utilization in China.Atmos.Environ.141,312-319.
Xu,P.,Zhang,J.,Ji,D.,Liu,Z.,Tang,G.,Jiang,C.,et al.,2018.Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing,China.J.Environ.Sci.63,16-27.
Yan,Y.,Yang,C.,Peng,L.,Li,R.,Bai,H.,2016.Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds from coal-,coal gangue-,and biomass-fired power plants in China.Atmos.Environ.143,261-269.
Yan,Y.,Peng,L.,Li,R.,Li,Y.,Li,L.,Bai,H.,2017.Concentration,ozone formation potential and source analysis of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in a thermal power station centralized area:a study in Shuozhou,China.Environ.Pollut.223,295-304.
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