元素地球化学在层序识别中的应用
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摘要
为了探讨地球化学元素对层序界面及体系域识别方法的适用性,以珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡地球化学元素为基础,讨论了在海平面变化周期内,Fe,Al,Mn及Mn/Fe,Th/U,Sr/Ca比值等参数的变化特征,它们与层序地层单元的发育有很好的对应关系。结果表明:层序界面上的Fe,Al元素含量相对较高,且以氧化物形式出现;微量元素Th/U比值很大,Sr/Ca比值则很小。Fe族元素、Th/U,Cr/V,Co/Ni,Sr/Ba及δ(Ce)等地球化学指标在低位体系域(LST)时期逐渐增高至最高,海侵体系域(TST)时期逐渐降低到最低,高位体系域时期(HST)再逐渐增高;而Mn族元素、Mn/Fe,Mn/Ti,Sr/Ca,∑REE,(La/Ce)N等地球化学指标则刚好相反,在低位体系域(LST)时期逐渐降低到最低,海侵体系域(TST)时期逐渐增高至最高,高位体系域时期(HST)再逐渐降低。
In order to discuss the suitability of identification method of sequence boundary and system tract by geochemical elements,this study took thegeochemical elements of the northern Baiyun depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin as a base,and used the variation characteristics of geochemical parameters of the Fe,Al,Mn,ratios of Mn / Fe,Th /U,Sr /Ca to investigate the sea level changes. These variations can be correlated well with the development of sequence stratigraphic units. The results show that the contents of Fe and Al are rich on the sequence boundaries,and the Fe and Al mainly exist in oxide; the ratio of Th /U is large,and the ratio of Sr /Ca is little. The geochemistry indicators of iron group,Th /U,Cr /V,Co /Ni,Sr /Ba and δ( Ce) gradually increase during the LST period until the maximum,and they gradually decrease during the TST period until they get the minimum at the moment of the maximum flooding period,then they gradually increase during the HST period. The geochemistry indicators of manganese group,Mn /Fe,Mn /Ti,Sr /Ca,∑REE and( La /Ce)Ncounter to those geochemistry indicators,they gradually decrease during the LST period until the minimum,and they gradually increase during the TST period until they get the maximum at the moment of the maximum flooding period,and then they gradually decrease during the HST period.
In order to discuss the suitability of identification method of sequence boundary and system tract by geochemical elements,this study took thegeochemical elements of the northern Baiyun depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin as a base,and used the variation characteristics of geochemical parameters of the Fe,Al,Mn,ratios of Mn / Fe,Th /U,Sr /Ca to investigate the sea level changes. These variations can be correlated well with the development of sequence stratigraphic units. The results show that the contents of Fe and Al are rich on the sequence boundaries,and the Fe and Al mainly exist in oxide; the ratio of Th /U is large,and the ratio of Sr /Ca is little. The geochemistry indicators of iron group,Th /U,Cr /V,Co /Ni,Sr /Ba and δ( Ce) gradually increase during the LST period until the maximum,and they gradually decrease during the TST period until they get the minimum at the moment of the maximum flooding period,then they gradually increase during the HST period. The geochemistry indicators of manganese group,Mn /Fe,Mn /Ti,Sr /Ca,∑REE and( La /Ce)Ncounter to those geochemistry indicators,they gradually decrease during the LST period until the minimum,and they gradually increase during the TST period until they get the maximum at the moment of the maximum flooding period,and then they gradually decrease during the HST period.
引文
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[15]祝彦贺,朱伟林,徐强,等.珠江口盆地中部珠海组—珠江组层序结构及沉积特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):77-83.Zhu Yanhe,Zhu Weilin,Xu Qiang,et al.Sedimentary characteristics andsequence framework of the Zhuhai-Zhujiang formation in the middle area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):77-83.
[16]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.Evolution of the Oligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):234-242.
[17]李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,等.珠江口盆地新近系层序划分与发育模式[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(4):47-51.Li Xiangyang,Zhang Changmin,Zhang Shangfeng,et al.Neogene sequence subdivision and its development pattern in pearl rivermouth basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(4):47-51.
[18]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.Liu Yingjun,Cao Liming,Li Zhaolin,et al.Elementgeo chemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984.
[19]邹建华,刘东,田和明,等.内蒙古阿刀亥矿晚古生代煤的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):1012-1018.Zou Jianhua,Liu Dong,Tian Heming,et al.Geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements in the Late Paleozoic Coal from Adaohai Mine,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):1012-1018.
[20]熊国庆,江新胜,蔡习尧,等.藏南白垩系泥、页岩微量、稀土元素特征及氧化—还原环境分析[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(7):730-745.Xiong Guoqing,Jiang Xinsheng,Cai Xiyao,et al.The characteristics of trace element and REE geochemistry of the cretaceous mudrocks and shales from southern tibet and its analysis of Redox condition[J].Advances In Earth Science,2010,25(7):730-745.
[21]刘燕学,宋天锐.辽东半岛复州湾十三里台组地球化学特征及沉积环境探讨[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):1018-1026.Liu Yanxue,Song Tianrui.Discussion on characteristics of geochemical and sedimentary environments of the shisanlitai formation of Fuzhou Bay,Liaoning Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):1018-1026.
[22]Murray R W.Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert:general principles and applications[J].Sedimentary Geology,1994,90:213-232.
[23]周永章,涂光炽,Edward H Chown,等.粤西古水剖面震旦系顶部层状硅岩的热水成因属性:岩石学和地球化学证据[J].沉积学报,1994,12(3):1-11.Zhou Yongzhang,Tu Guangzhi,Edward H Chown,et al.Hydrothermal origin of top Sinian Chert Formation at Gushui,Western Guangdong,China:petrologic and geochemical evidence[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1994,12(3):1-11.
[24]李苗春,姚素平,丁海,等.湘西牛蹄塘组黑色岩系的地球化学特征及其油气地质意义[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):857-863.Li Miaochun,Yao Suping,Ding Hai,et al.Geochemistry,paleontology and sedimentary environment significance of Niutitang Formation in Western Hunan Province of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):857-863.
[25]胡晓峰,刘招君,柳蓉,等.桦甸盆地始新统桦甸组黏土矿物和无机地球化学特征及其古环境意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):416-423.Hu Xiaofeng,Liu Zhaojun,Liu Rong,et al.Clay mineral and inorganic geochemical characteristics of Eocene Huadian formation in Huadian basin and their paleoenvironment implications[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):416-423.
[26]Mitra A,Elderfield H,Greaves M J.Rare-earth elements in submarine hydrothermal fluids and plumes from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Marine Chemistry,1994,46:217-235.
[2]Octavian Catuneanu.Principles of sequence stratigraphy[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Press,2006.
[3]Vail P R,Mitchum Jr R M,ThompsonⅢS.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,part 4:Global cycles of relative changes of sea level[A].Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration[C].AAPG Memoir 26,1977:83-97.
[4]Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis,I.Architecture and genesis of flooding-surface bounded depositional units[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1989,73:125-142.
[5]Embry A F,and Johannessen E P.T-R sequence stratigraphy,facies analysis and reservoir distribution in the uppermost Triassic-Lower Jurassic succession,western Sverdrup Basin,Arctic Canada[A].Arctic Geology and Petroleum Potential[C].Norwegian Petroleum Society(NPF),Special Publication 2,1992:121-146.
[6]Hunt D,Tucker M E.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during baselevel fall[J].Sedimentary Geology,1992,81:1-9.
[7]田继军,杨曙光.准噶尔盆地南缘下—中侏罗统层序地层格架与聚煤规律[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):58-64.Tian Jijun,Yang Shuguang.Sequence strata and coal accumulation of lower and middle Jurassic formation from southern margin of Junggar Basin,Sinkiang,China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):58-64.
[8]高彩霞,邵龙义,李大华,等.四川盆地东部上三叠统须家河组层序-古地理特征[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(10):1659-1667.Gao Caixia,Shao Longyi,Li Dahua,et al.Sequence-paleogeography of Late Triassic Xujiahe formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(10):1659-1667.
[9]史勇,焦风海,王超永,等.鄂尔多斯东胜矿区色连井田延安组层序地层分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S2):383-389.Shi Yong,Jiao Fenghai,Wang Chaoyong,et al.Sequence stratigraphy regularity in Yan’an Formation of Selian Minefield of Dongsheng district in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S2):383-389.
[10]赵俊青,纪友亮,张世奇,等.陆相高分辨率层序界面识别的地球化学方法[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):79-86。Zhao Junqing,Ji Youliang,Zhang Shiqi,et al.Geochemical methods of boundary identification in terrigenous high-resolution sequence[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):79-86.
[11]田景春,陈高武,张翔,等.沉积地球化学在层序地层分析中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(1):30-35.Tian Jingchun,Chen Gaowu,Zhang Xiang,et al.Application of sedimentary geochemistry in the analysis of sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2006,33(1):30-35.
[12]余烨,张昌民,张尚锋,等.惠州凹陷HZ21钻孔珠江组地球化学特征及其沉积环境[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(3):6-12.Yu Ye,Zhang Changmin,Zhang Shangfeng,et al.Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environments of the Zhujiang Formation in well HZ21 at Huizhou depression[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2012,40(3):6-12.
[13]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.Chen Changmin,Shi Hesheng,Xu Shice,et al.The conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation of the tertiary petroleum system in the pearl river mouth basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[14]柳保军,申俊,庞雄,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组浅海三角洲沉积特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):49-56.Liu Baojun,Shen Jun,Pang Xiong,et al.Characteristics of continental delta deposits in Zhuhai formation of Baiyun Depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):49-56.
[15]祝彦贺,朱伟林,徐强,等.珠江口盆地中部珠海组—珠江组层序结构及沉积特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):77-83.Zhu Yanhe,Zhu Weilin,Xu Qiang,et al.Sedimentary characteristics andsequence framework of the Zhuhai-Zhujiang formation in the middle area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):77-83.
[16]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.Evolution of the Oligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):234-242.
[17]李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,等.珠江口盆地新近系层序划分与发育模式[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(4):47-51.Li Xiangyang,Zhang Changmin,Zhang Shangfeng,et al.Neogene sequence subdivision and its development pattern in pearl rivermouth basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(4):47-51.
[18]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.Liu Yingjun,Cao Liming,Li Zhaolin,et al.Elementgeo chemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984.
[19]邹建华,刘东,田和明,等.内蒙古阿刀亥矿晚古生代煤的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):1012-1018.Zou Jianhua,Liu Dong,Tian Heming,et al.Geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements in the Late Paleozoic Coal from Adaohai Mine,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):1012-1018.
[20]熊国庆,江新胜,蔡习尧,等.藏南白垩系泥、页岩微量、稀土元素特征及氧化—还原环境分析[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(7):730-745.Xiong Guoqing,Jiang Xinsheng,Cai Xiyao,et al.The characteristics of trace element and REE geochemistry of the cretaceous mudrocks and shales from southern tibet and its analysis of Redox condition[J].Advances In Earth Science,2010,25(7):730-745.
[21]刘燕学,宋天锐.辽东半岛复州湾十三里台组地球化学特征及沉积环境探讨[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):1018-1026.Liu Yanxue,Song Tianrui.Discussion on characteristics of geochemical and sedimentary environments of the shisanlitai formation of Fuzhou Bay,Liaoning Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):1018-1026.
[22]Murray R W.Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert:general principles and applications[J].Sedimentary Geology,1994,90:213-232.
[23]周永章,涂光炽,Edward H Chown,等.粤西古水剖面震旦系顶部层状硅岩的热水成因属性:岩石学和地球化学证据[J].沉积学报,1994,12(3):1-11.Zhou Yongzhang,Tu Guangzhi,Edward H Chown,et al.Hydrothermal origin of top Sinian Chert Formation at Gushui,Western Guangdong,China:petrologic and geochemical evidence[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1994,12(3):1-11.
[24]李苗春,姚素平,丁海,等.湘西牛蹄塘组黑色岩系的地球化学特征及其油气地质意义[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):857-863.Li Miaochun,Yao Suping,Ding Hai,et al.Geochemistry,paleontology and sedimentary environment significance of Niutitang Formation in Western Hunan Province of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):857-863.
[25]胡晓峰,刘招君,柳蓉,等.桦甸盆地始新统桦甸组黏土矿物和无机地球化学特征及其古环境意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):416-423.Hu Xiaofeng,Liu Zhaojun,Liu Rong,et al.Clay mineral and inorganic geochemical characteristics of Eocene Huadian formation in Huadian basin and their paleoenvironment implications[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):416-423.
[26]Mitra A,Elderfield H,Greaves M J.Rare-earth elements in submarine hydrothermal fluids and plumes from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Marine Chemistry,1994,46:217-235.
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