积雪覆盖下土壤热状况及其对气象因素的响应研究
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摘要
为研究季节性冻土区在积雪覆盖条件下,土壤温度变化趋势及气象因素对土壤热状况的影响,以野外实测试验数据(2013年11月8日—2014年4月28日)为基础,分析裸地、自然降雪、积雪压实和积雪加厚覆盖条件下5、10、20、40、60、100、140 cm深度土壤温度变化特征,采用灰色关联度分析的方法筛选出影响土壤热状况的主要气象因素,进而统计土壤温度与气象因素之间的相关关系。结果表明:积雪的存在阻碍了环境与土壤之间的能量交换,引起土壤温度和土壤冻融过程的差异;随着积雪覆盖深度的增加,土壤的冻融日期会出现延迟现象,土壤温度相对稳定在较高水平,并且地、气之间温差增大;冻融过程中土壤温度变化的主要影响因素为环境温度,积雪覆盖使得气象因素与土壤温度的关联度减弱。
This paper discovers the soil temperature and meteorological factors' impact on soil thermal status in seasonal frozen under the condition of snow cover. We measured the soil temperature in the depth of 5,10,20,40,60,100,140 cm under the condition of bare land,nature snow cover,snow compressed and snow thickened. Based on field experimental data,grey correlation analysis was used to select the main meteorological factors affecting the soil thermal conditions and then we calculated the correlation between soil temperature and meteorological factors. Results shows that the existence of snow hampers the energy exchange between soil and environment,causes the difference between the soil temperature and freezed-thawing process,and with the increase of depth of the snow cover,soil freezing and thawing date will be delayed, the soil temperature will be relatively stable at a high level.Meanwhile,the difference of temperature between soil and atmosphere will enlarge. In the process of freezing and thawing,environment temperature is the main controlling factor of soil temperature; snow cover makes the correlation between meteorological factors and soil temperature weaker.
This paper discovers the soil temperature and meteorological factors' impact on soil thermal status in seasonal frozen under the condition of snow cover. We measured the soil temperature in the depth of 5,10,20,40,60,100,140 cm under the condition of bare land,nature snow cover,snow compressed and snow thickened. Based on field experimental data,grey correlation analysis was used to select the main meteorological factors affecting the soil thermal conditions and then we calculated the correlation between soil temperature and meteorological factors. Results shows that the existence of snow hampers the energy exchange between soil and environment,causes the difference between the soil temperature and freezed-thawing process,and with the increase of depth of the snow cover,soil freezing and thawing date will be delayed, the soil temperature will be relatively stable at a high level.Meanwhile,the difference of temperature between soil and atmosphere will enlarge. In the process of freezing and thawing,environment temperature is the main controlling factor of soil temperature; snow cover makes the correlation between meteorological factors and soil temperature weaker.
引文
1 徐斅祖,王家澄,张立新.冻土物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
2 李杨,王清,赵安平,等.长春地区季冻土基本性质对水分迁移的影响[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(2):279 -284.Li Yang,Wang Qing,Zhao Anping,et al.Influence of basic properties of seasonally frozen soil on moisture movement in Changchun Area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(2):279-284.(in Chinese)
3 樊贵盛,郑秀清,贾宏骥.季节性冻融土壤的冻融特点和减渗特性的研究[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):24-32.
4 魏丹,陈晓飞,王铁良,等.不同积雪覆盖条件下土壤冻结状况及水分的迁移规律[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(12):3570-3572.
5 杨金凤,郑秀清,孙明.地表覆盖对季节性冻融土壤温度影响研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(3):358-360.
6 Osterkamp T E.The recent warming of permafrost in Alaska[J].Global and Planetary Change,2005,49(3):187-202.
7 Gong G,Entekhabi D,Cohen J.Modeled northern hemisphere winter climate response to realistic Siberian snow anomalies[J].Journal of Climate,2003,16(23):3917-3931.
8 Brooks P D,Williams M W,Schmidt S K.Microbial activity under alpine snowpacks,Niwot Ridge,Colorado[J].Biogeochemistry,1996,32(2):93-113.
9 Mellander P E,Laudon H,Bishop K.Modelling variability of snow depths and soil temperatures in Scots pine stands[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,133(1):109-118.
10 常娟,王根绪,高永恒,等.青藏高原多年冻土区积雪对沼泽、草旬浅层土壤水热过程的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32 (23):7289-7301.Chang Juan,Wang Genxu,Gao Yongheng,et al.Impacts of snow cover change on soil water-heat processes of swamp and meadow in Permafrost Region,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(23):7289-7301.(in Chinese)
11 Goodrich L E.The influence of snow cover on the ground thermal regime[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1982,19(4):421-432.
12 Konard J M,Mccammon A W.Solute partitioning in freezing soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1990,27(6):726-736.
13 Shanley J B,Chalmers A.The effect of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff at Sleepers River,Vermont[J].Hydrological Processes,1999,13(12-13):1843-1857.
14 陈军锋,郑秀清,臧红飞,等.季节性冻融期灌水对土壤温度与冻融特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):104-109.Chen Junfeng,Zheng Xiuqing,Zang Hongfei,et al.Effects of irrigation on soil temperature and soil freeze-thaw characteristics during seasonal freeze-thaw period[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(3):104-109.(in Chinese)
15 王国亚,毛炜峄,贺斌,等.新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化特征及其对冻土的影响[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1293-1300.
16 孙军杰,于溪滨,郭松林,等.不同积雪深度对地面温度的增温效应[J].中国农业气象,1995,16(6):49-50.
17 苗春燕,郑秀清,陈军锋.季节性冻融期不同地下水位埋深下土壤温度变化特征[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(1):496-502.
18 刘光生,王根绪,胡宏昌,等.青藏高原多年冻土区植被盖度变化对活动层水热过程的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):89-96.
19 刘春景,唐敦兵,何华,等.基于灰色关联和主成分分析的车削加工多目标优化[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):293-298.Liu Chunjing,Tang Dunbing,He Hua,et al.Multi-objective optimization of turning based on grey relational and principal component analysis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):293-298.(in Chinese)
20 赵韩,张彦,方艮海,等.灰色关联分析法在汽车零部件故障分析中的应用[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(8):125-128.Zhao Han,Zhang Yan,Fang Genhai,et al.Application of grey relation analysis on fault diagnosis of automobile parts[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(8):125-128.(in Chinese)
21 唐振兴,何志斌,刘鹄.祁连山中段林草交错带土壤水热特征及其对气象要素的响应[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1056-1065.
22 刘思峰,郭天榜,党耀国,等.灰色系统理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
23 景国勋,贾智伟,段振伟.井下作业温度对事故影响关系的灰色关联分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,13(10):60-62.
2 李杨,王清,赵安平,等.长春地区季冻土基本性质对水分迁移的影响[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(2):279 -284.Li Yang,Wang Qing,Zhao Anping,et al.Influence of basic properties of seasonally frozen soil on moisture movement in Changchun Area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(2):279-284.(in Chinese)
3 樊贵盛,郑秀清,贾宏骥.季节性冻融土壤的冻融特点和减渗特性的研究[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):24-32.
4 魏丹,陈晓飞,王铁良,等.不同积雪覆盖条件下土壤冻结状况及水分的迁移规律[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(12):3570-3572.
5 杨金凤,郑秀清,孙明.地表覆盖对季节性冻融土壤温度影响研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(3):358-360.
6 Osterkamp T E.The recent warming of permafrost in Alaska[J].Global and Planetary Change,2005,49(3):187-202.
7 Gong G,Entekhabi D,Cohen J.Modeled northern hemisphere winter climate response to realistic Siberian snow anomalies[J].Journal of Climate,2003,16(23):3917-3931.
8 Brooks P D,Williams M W,Schmidt S K.Microbial activity under alpine snowpacks,Niwot Ridge,Colorado[J].Biogeochemistry,1996,32(2):93-113.
9 Mellander P E,Laudon H,Bishop K.Modelling variability of snow depths and soil temperatures in Scots pine stands[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,133(1):109-118.
10 常娟,王根绪,高永恒,等.青藏高原多年冻土区积雪对沼泽、草旬浅层土壤水热过程的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32 (23):7289-7301.Chang Juan,Wang Genxu,Gao Yongheng,et al.Impacts of snow cover change on soil water-heat processes of swamp and meadow in Permafrost Region,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(23):7289-7301.(in Chinese)
11 Goodrich L E.The influence of snow cover on the ground thermal regime[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1982,19(4):421-432.
12 Konard J M,Mccammon A W.Solute partitioning in freezing soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1990,27(6):726-736.
13 Shanley J B,Chalmers A.The effect of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff at Sleepers River,Vermont[J].Hydrological Processes,1999,13(12-13):1843-1857.
14 陈军锋,郑秀清,臧红飞,等.季节性冻融期灌水对土壤温度与冻融特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):104-109.Chen Junfeng,Zheng Xiuqing,Zang Hongfei,et al.Effects of irrigation on soil temperature and soil freeze-thaw characteristics during seasonal freeze-thaw period[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(3):104-109.(in Chinese)
15 王国亚,毛炜峄,贺斌,等.新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化特征及其对冻土的影响[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1293-1300.
16 孙军杰,于溪滨,郭松林,等.不同积雪深度对地面温度的增温效应[J].中国农业气象,1995,16(6):49-50.
17 苗春燕,郑秀清,陈军锋.季节性冻融期不同地下水位埋深下土壤温度变化特征[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(1):496-502.
18 刘光生,王根绪,胡宏昌,等.青藏高原多年冻土区植被盖度变化对活动层水热过程的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):89-96.
19 刘春景,唐敦兵,何华,等.基于灰色关联和主成分分析的车削加工多目标优化[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):293-298.Liu Chunjing,Tang Dunbing,He Hua,et al.Multi-objective optimization of turning based on grey relational and principal component analysis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):293-298.(in Chinese)
20 赵韩,张彦,方艮海,等.灰色关联分析法在汽车零部件故障分析中的应用[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(8):125-128.Zhao Han,Zhang Yan,Fang Genhai,et al.Application of grey relation analysis on fault diagnosis of automobile parts[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(8):125-128.(in Chinese)
21 唐振兴,何志斌,刘鹄.祁连山中段林草交错带土壤水热特征及其对气象要素的响应[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1056-1065.
22 刘思峰,郭天榜,党耀国,等.灰色系统理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
23 景国勋,贾智伟,段振伟.井下作业温度对事故影响关系的灰色关联分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,13(10):60-62.
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