物体识别中两种操作动作表征激活的时间进程

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• 英文论文题名：The time course of two kinds of action representation on object recognition
• 论文作者：於文苑 ; 刘烨 ; 傅小兰
• 英文论文作者：YU Wenyuan ; LIU Ye ; FU Xiaolan ; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science ; Institute of Psychology ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
• 年：2015
• 作者机构：脑与认知科学国家重点实验室中国科学院心理研究所;中国科学院大学;
• 论文关键词：动作表征 ; 结构性操作 ; 功能性操作 ; 启动范式 ; 事件相关电位
• 英文论文关键词：action representation ; structure-based action ; function-based action ; prime paradigm ; event-related potentials(ERPs)
• 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
• 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
• 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：B842
• 学会代码：ZGXG
• 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
• 会议地点：中国天津
• 主办单位：中国心理学会
• 学会名称：中国心理学会
• 页数：2
• 文件大小：770k
• 原文格式：D
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

大量研究表明,与物体相关的操作动作表征在物体的表征和识别的过程中起重要作用,而且已有研究表明,动作表征可以在物体识别完成之前,即物体识别过程的前150毫秒内发挥作用。进一步研究表明,可能存在两种基于不同神经机制的操作动作表征,即结构性操作动作表征和功能性操作动作表征。但是,目前尚不清楚这两种操作动作表征是否都可以在物体识别完成之前发挥作用。因此,本研究采用高时间分辨率的ERP技术考察两种操作动作表征在物体识别过程中的作用。实验采用启动范式,首先呈现手部姿势图片,接着呈现可操作物体,并要求被试对可操作物体进行命名,同时记录大脑的事件相关电位。实验结果表明:(1)在功能性操作动作启动条件下,物体呈现后的70毫秒左右在中央区出现了动作启动效应:当启动物体的功能性操作动作时,一致条件下中央区的平均波幅与不一致条件下中央区的平均波幅存在差异,而在结构性操作动作启动条件下不存在差异;(2)不同操作动作启动条件在顶区的波幅表现出较明显的差异,启动功能性操作动作条件下N1成分(55毫秒—85毫秒)的平均波幅大于启动结构性操作动作条件下N1成分的平均波幅。上述结果表明,首先,在物体识别的过程中,功能性操作动作表征在物体识别完成之前被激活,说明与物体有关的功能性操作动作的表征可能参与了物体识别过程;但是结构性操作动作表征可能在物体识别完成之前没有发挥作用,这一结果为两种操作动作表征在物体识别过程中激活时间存在差异的这一假设提供了实验依据。然而,这一结果也可能是由手部姿势未能充分启动物体的结构性操作动作而造成的,有关结构性操作动作在物体识别中的作用仍待进一步的研究。其次,在顶区发现的操作动作类型的主效应表明,顶区对操作动作类型敏感,而且在物体识别中,功能性操作动作表征可能发挥了更大的作用。
Many researches have proved that object-related action representation plays a role in the process of object recognition, and there is evidence that the action representation influences object recognition before the completion of objects recognition, that is, within the first 150 msec. Furthermore, there are at least two kinds of action representation, structure-based action representation and function-based action representation, depending on different neural stream. And it is still uncertain whether the structure-based action representation and function-based action representation can both influence object recognition before the completion of objects recognition. Therefore, an ERP experiment, a high-time-resolution measurement, was conducted to explore the function of these two kinds of action representation during the process of object recognition. With a prime paradigm, a hand posture picture and a manipulabe object were presented sequentially and participants were asked to name the object. The time course of brain activation was examined by recording ERPs. The results showed:(a) Function-based action priming effect was found over the central scalp as early as 70 ms after target onset: when priming function-based action, the mean amplitude of congruent condition in central scalp is significant different with the mean amplitude of incongruent condition in central scalp; when priming structure-based action, the difference of mean amplitude between congruent and incongruent condition is not significant, and(b) the main effect of action representation type was obvious over the parietal scalp. The mean amplitude of N1 in the function-based action priming condition is larger than the mean amplitude of N1 in the structure-based action priming condition. These results indicate that, firstly, function-based action representation can influence object recognition before the completion of object recognition and the function-based action representation related to objects is necessary to the object recognition, while the structure-based action representation cannot, providing evidence with the hypothesis that these two action representation are different in activation time course. However, the result that the structure-based action representation does not influence object recognition before its completion might be caused by the insufficient prime of hand posture picture, and the role of structure-based action representation remains to be further explored. Secondly, the main effect of action representation type observed in parietal scalp shows the parietal scalp is sensitive to the action representation type and function-based action representation is more important to object recognition.

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