我做故我记得:操作动作通过熟悉性与回想促进动作与物体的联结再认
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- 英文论文题名：I Did It therefore I Remember:Enactment Enhances Associative Recognition of Action and Object by Recollection as well as Familiarity
- 论文作者：赵敏芳 ; Hubert D.Zimmer ; 周晓燕 ; 傅小兰
- 英文论文作者：ZHAO Min-Fang ; Hubert D.ZIMMER ; ZHOU Xiaoyan ; FU Xiaolan ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science ; Institute of Psychology ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Department of Psychology ; Brain and Cognition Unit ; Saarland University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：中国科学院大学;中国科学院心理研究所脑与认知科学国家重点实验室;Department of Psychology,Brain and Cognition Unit,Saarland University;
- 论文关键词：动作记忆 ; SPT效应 ; 联结再认 ; 熟悉性 ; 回想
- 英文论文关键词：memory for action ; SPT effect ; associative recognition ; familiarity ; recollection
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.3
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：777k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
大量的研究表明,学习动作短语时,被试操作任务(SPT)条件下的记忆成绩显著好于语词任务(VT)条件下的记忆成绩。研究者称这种现象为操作效应或SPT效应,并认为此效应源于SPT增加了项目特异性加工,使得动作与物体形成一个整合的表征。因此,SPT应该对人们如何再认动作产生影响。情景记忆的双加工理论认为记忆由熟悉性与回想两个不同的认知加工过程所支持。一般认为仅回想支持联结记忆。然而,近年有研究者提出,当两个或多个项目被编码为一个整合表征时,熟悉性也能够支持联结记忆。本研究通过事件相关电位(ERP)技术,考察在高整合的SPT与低整合的VT条件下动作与物体联结的提取是否涉及不同的认知加工过程。50名被试被随机分配到SPT或者VT组。学习阶段,让两组被试分别使用SPT与VT编码方式识记逐一呈现的日常动作短语(动作-物体对,如,"切西瓜")以及动作与物体之间的关系。测试阶段,要求被试对动作短语进行"相同"、"重组合"或"新"判断。"重组合"短语是由学习过的一个短语的动词与另一个短语的名词重新配对而成。行为结果发现:SPT条件下的联结再认成绩显著高于VT条件下的成绩。ERP结果发现:在额区新旧效应(熟悉性)早期窗口,SPT条件下"相同"短语的ERPs比"重组合"与"新"短语的ERPs更正,而这些效应均没有出现在VT条件,表明熟悉性仅支持SPT编码后的联结再认;在顶区新旧效应(回想)晚期窗口,在SPT与VT条件下"相同"与"重组合"短语的ERPs均比"新"短语的ERPs更正,但仅在SPT条件下存在"相同vs.重组合"的晚期顶区新旧效应,这可能与SPT条件下被试提取做过的动作的记忆有关。这些结果表明在SPT条件下动作与物体的整合鼓励熟悉性与回想加工的参与,两者进一步促进动作的联结记忆。
A substantial literature indicates that memory for actions after self-performed task(SPT) is generally superior to that after verbal task(VT). This memory improvement for performed actions has been called enactment effect or SPT effect. The most widely accepted explanation for the SPT effect is that enactment enhances item specific processing and unitizes the components of actions(action and object) into a single unique memory entry during SPT. This should have consequences on how these actions are recognized. Dual process models of episodic recognition propose that two different cognitive processes–familiarity and recollection–can contribute to memory performances. Associative recognition memory which refers to the ability of rejecting a recombination of two old items as new is traditionally believed to be solely supported by recollection. However, recent studies have challenged this view by demonstrating that familiarity can also contribute to associative recognition when to-be-remembered stimuli are perceived as a unitized representation. We address this important issue by examining whether the retrieval for action-object associations after high unitization condition of SPT relative to low unitization condition of VT involved differential patterns of familiarity and recollection processes by measuring event-related potentials(ERPs) activity during a standard associative recognition test. Participants were randomly assigned to study the ordinary action phrases(Verb-Object pairs, e.g., "Cut the watermelon") by SPT or VT during encoding. At test, they were asked to decide whether the presented action phrases was "intact", "recombined", or "new". Recombined phrases consisted of verb and noun taken from two different studied phrases. Behavior results revealed that associative recognition after SPT was better than after VT, thereby providing new evidence for the SPT effect. ERP results showed that in the early time window of the familiarity effect, ERPs to intact phrases were more positive than those to new and recombined action phrases in SPT, whereas these effects were absent in VT, suggesting that familiarity contributes to associative recognition only after SPT. In the late time window of the recollection effect, ERPs to intact and recombined phrases were more positive than to new phrases in both encoding conditions. Additionally, the late parietal old-new effect from comparisons of intact than recombined phrases was only observed in the SPT condition, which we take as a correlate of retrieving memory of the own performance(‘I was the actor of this action') and this feature is only available after SPT. These findings suggest that enactment-induced unitization during SPT encourages both familiarity and recollection processes, which enhance associative memory of actions. These results provide new insights into two research fields. Firstly, it adds new evidence to the assumption that after unitization familiarity can contribute to associative recognition. Secondly, it provides direct evidence that after SPT familiarity has a strong impact on recognition.
A substantial literature indicates that memory for actions after self-performed task(SPT) is generally superior to that after verbal task(VT). This memory improvement for performed actions has been called enactment effect or SPT effect. The most widely accepted explanation for the SPT effect is that enactment enhances item specific processing and unitizes the components of actions(action and object) into a single unique memory entry during SPT. This should have consequences on how these actions are recognized. Dual process models of episodic recognition propose that two different cognitive processes–familiarity and recollection–can contribute to memory performances. Associative recognition memory which refers to the ability of rejecting a recombination of two old items as new is traditionally believed to be solely supported by recollection. However, recent studies have challenged this view by demonstrating that familiarity can also contribute to associative recognition when to-be-remembered stimuli are perceived as a unitized representation. We address this important issue by examining whether the retrieval for action-object associations after high unitization condition of SPT relative to low unitization condition of VT involved differential patterns of familiarity and recollection processes by measuring event-related potentials(ERPs) activity during a standard associative recognition test. Participants were randomly assigned to study the ordinary action phrases(Verb-Object pairs, e.g., "Cut the watermelon") by SPT or VT during encoding. At test, they were asked to decide whether the presented action phrases was "intact", "recombined", or "new". Recombined phrases consisted of verb and noun taken from two different studied phrases. Behavior results revealed that associative recognition after SPT was better than after VT, thereby providing new evidence for the SPT effect. ERP results showed that in the early time window of the familiarity effect, ERPs to intact phrases were more positive than those to new and recombined action phrases in SPT, whereas these effects were absent in VT, suggesting that familiarity contributes to associative recognition only after SPT. In the late time window of the recollection effect, ERPs to intact and recombined phrases were more positive than to new phrases in both encoding conditions. Additionally, the late parietal old-new effect from comparisons of intact than recombined phrases was only observed in the SPT condition, which we take as a correlate of retrieving memory of the own performance(‘I was the actor of this action') and this feature is only available after SPT. These findings suggest that enactment-induced unitization during SPT encourages both familiarity and recollection processes, which enhance associative memory of actions. These results provide new insights into two research fields. Firstly, it adds new evidence to the assumption that after unitization familiarity can contribute to associative recognition. Secondly, it provides direct evidence that after SPT familiarity has a strong impact on recognition.
引文
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