动作-语词联结水平对动作记忆操作效应的影响

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• 英文论文题名：The influence of the association between action and word on the subject-performed task effect of action memory
• 论文作者：刘思 ; 王丽娟
• 英文论文作者：LIU Si ; WANG Lijuan ; Department of Psychology ; Jilin University
• 年：2015
• 作者机构：吉林大学心理学系;
• 论文关键词：被试操作任务 ; 操作效应 ; 动作-语词联结水平 ; 信息提取
• 英文论文关键词：subject performed task ; SPT effect ; association level between action and word ; retrieval
• 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
• 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
• 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：B842.3
• 学会代码：ZGXG
• 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
• 会议地点：中国天津
• 主办单位：中国心理学会
• 学会名称：中国心理学会
• 页数：2
• 文件大小：815k
• 原文格式：D
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

操作效应是指操作编码条件下记忆成绩显著好于语词编码条件下的记忆成绩。动作编码理论认为操作效应得益于存在单独的动作编码系统。随后研究通过提取阶段的再操作能提高记忆成绩为其存在提供了证明,然而关于这一点并未得出一致结论。本研究认为动作‐语词信息之间是否存在较好的联结可能是导致这一矛盾问题的主要原因。研究实施了两个实验检验该假设。实验一采用2编码条件(语词学习vs.操作学习)×2材料类型(动作‐语词联结性好vs.联结性差)被试间设计,考察了动作‐语词联结性对操作效应的影响;实验二采用2材料类型(动作‐语词联结性好vs.联结性差)×3提取方式(动作提取vs.语词提取vs.动作、语词同时提取)混合设计,进一步探究了动作‐语词联结性对操作效应的作用。实验结果表明:(1)在学习动作‐语词联结性好的材料时,操作学习会产生操作效应;而在学习动作‐语词联结性差的材料时,操作学习并不会带来操作效应;(2)操作学习动作‐语词联结性好的材料时,三种提取方式的记忆成绩无差异;操作学习动作‐语词联结性差的材料时,对语词的记忆成绩显著好于对动作、语词同时记忆的成绩,表明操作编码条件下对语词信息和对动作信息的记忆加工机制不同。研究认为语词信息和动作信息在操作学习中的联合作用机制,即两种信息之间能互相强化并共同作用,是导致操作效应产生的主要原因。
The words will be retained better when we perform them than when we only listen or watch them, this memory advantage of performing actions is called subject-performed task(SPT) effect. The Motor Encoding Theory postulated that the SPT effect was due to the motor system, which was supported by studies that the memory performance will be improved by retrieval re-enactment, but there were some other opposite findings. Based on the analysis of previous studies, this research presumed that the good association between action and word was the main reason which caused this contradiction. The present study contained two experiments, in experiment one, we adopted a 2×2 between subject design, which compared the memory performance by learning different materials that varied in the association level between action and word under VT as well as SPT condition, to prove the influence of the association between action and word on the SPT effect. In experiment two, we adopted a 2×3 mixed design, which compared the memory performance by three retrieval modalities: action information retrieval; word information retrieval; both action and word information retrieval after SPT, to further investigate how the association between action and word worked on the SPT effect. The results showed that:(1) When the association level between action and word was high, there was an SPT effect, but for the low association level, the SPT effect disappeared;(2) when the association level is high, the memory performance under each retrieval modality was similar. But for the low association level, the memory performance when only words were needed was significantly better than the memory performance when both actions and words were required, which indicated that the memory mechanisms of action and word were different under SPT condition. This study pointed out that the high association between action and word enable them to active each other and then worked on the memory performance together, which played a key role in the mechanism of the SPT effect.

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