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某巨型污染场地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评估
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摘要
我国矿产资源丰富,在部分矿区,由于早期矿产资源无序开发,采矿废水矿渣肆意排放,在水力冲击和地表沉降作用的影响下,污染在区域范围内扩大,形成巨型污染场地。本研究以中国南方某受矿产资源开发利用活动影响的巨型污染场地为研究对象。通过对土壤样品的采集及重金属污染状况的分析可以发现,受到上游矿产资源开发利用的活动以及洪水冲击,整个流域均受到重金属污染,土壤中主要污染物为As,Cd,Pb,Zn。重金属污染呈上游较重,中游次之,下游较轻的特点。重金属污染情况为As>Pb>Zn>Cd。利用内梅罗污染综合指数法计算得出流域呈重度污染水平的样品数量占总数的80%。利用潜在生态风险指数评价法分析得出,As和Pb的单一生态风险为中度及以上样品分别占总样品数量的68.83%和19.74%。多种重金属共同作用下的生态风险评估结果不容乐观,潜在生态风险极重的点位有46个,占总样品数量的12%。研究结果可为该巨型污染场地重金属污染防控方案制定提供依据。
China has rich mineral resources. Due to the disordered development of mineral resources, mining waste slag discharging, settlement effect in hydraulic shock and surface, the pollution area is broadening. This research is based on the study of a large contaminated site which is affected by the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in southern part of China. Based on the analysis of soil samples, all the river basin is polluted by heavy metals, the mail pollutants in the soil are As, Cd, Pb, Zn. Heavy metal pollution in upstream is higher than downstream. Heavy metal pollution is As>Pb>Zn>Cd. 80% of the total samples are severe pollution level by Nemero comprehensive pollution index. Based on the potential ecological risk index, the percentage of moderately pollution samples of As and Pb is 68.83% and 19.74%. The ecological risk assessment of heavy metals is not optimistic. The number of higher potential ecological risk samples is 46. The results of heavy metal ecological assessment can provide a basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the large polluted site.
引文
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